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The Carthaginians were famed for their abilities as sailors, and unlike their armies, many Carthaginians from the lower classes served in their navy, which provided them with a stable income and career.
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Carthaginians and were
The series of wars between Rome and Carthage were known to the Romans as the " Punic Wars " because of the Latin name for the Carthaginians: Punici, derived from Phoenici, referring to the Carthaginians ' Phoenician ancestry.
In order to avoid the corvus, the Carthaginians were forced to navigate around them and approach the Romans from behind, or from the side.
The Roman advance now continued westward from Agrigentum to relieve in 260 BC the besieged city of Macella, which had sided with Rome and were attacked by the Carthaginians for doing so.
They were defeated there by the Carthaginians under Hamilcar ( a popular Carthaginian name, not to be confused with Hannibal Barca's father, with the same name ) in 260 BC.
The terms were so heavy that negotiations failed and, in response, the Carthaginians hired Xanthippus, a Spartan mercenary, to reorganize the army.
After fierce fighting, the Carthaginians were defeated and the city fell.
Unlike most battles of the Second Punic War, at Zama, the Romans were superior in cavalry and the Carthaginians had the edge in infantry.
Although the aging Hannibal was suffering from mental exhaustion and deteriorating health after years of campaigning in Italy, the Carthaginians still had the advantage in numbers and were boosted by the presence of 80 war elephants.
Having previously relied on mercenaries to fight their wars for them, the Carthaginians were now forced into a more active role in the defense of their city.
Examples of ideas that were copied and adapted include weapons like the gladius ( Iberians ) and warship design ( Carthaginians ), as well as military units such as heavy mounted cavalry and mounted archers ( Parthians and Numidians )
After various changes of fortune, the Carthaginians managed to besiege Syracuse itself, but were eventually pushed back by a pestilence.
Despite these setbacks, the Roman forces were more capable in siegecraft than the Carthaginians and recaptured all the major cities that had joined the enemy, as well as defeating a Carthaginian attempt to reinforce Hannibal at the battle of the Metaurus.
During the Second Punic War ( 218 – 202 BC ), the Veneti even sent a contingent of soldiers to fight alongside the Romans against Hannibal and the invading Carthaginians and Venetians were among those slaughtered at the Battle of Cannae ( 216 BC ).
The Selinuntines are again mentioned in 397 BCE as declaring in favor of Dionysius during his war with Carthage ; but both the city and territory were again given up to the Carthaginians by the peace of 383 BCE ( Id.
But before the close of the war ( about 250 BCE ), when the Carthaginians were beginning to contract their operations, and confine themselves to the defense of as few points as possible, they removed all the inhabitants of Selinunte to Lilybaeum and destroyed the city
Temples dedicated to Hephaestus, Heracles and Asclepius were also constructed in the sacred area, which includes a sanctuary of Demeter and Persephone ( formerly known as the Temple of Castor and Pollux ); the marks of the fires set by the Carthaginians in 406 BC can still be seen on the sanctuary's stones.
In the First Punic War it was at first dependent upon Carthage ; and though the citizens, alarmed at the progress of the Roman arms, were at one time on the point of revolting to Rome, they were restrained by the Carthaginians, who carried off all the chief citizens as hostages.
In the Hellenistic period electrum coins with a regularly decreasing proportion of gold were issued by the Carthaginians.
The Punic Wars were named because of the Roman name for Carthaginians: Punici, or Poenici.
The Carthaginians made a series of attempts to appease Rome, and received a promise that if three hundred children of well-born Carthaginians were sent as hostages to Rome the Carthaginians would keep the rights to their land and self-government.
Carthaginians and for
Although the Carthaginians conquered much of the land around Alicante, the Romans would eventually rule Hispania Tarraconensis for over 700 years.
Following the defeat at the river Longanus, the Mamertines appealed to both Rome and Carthage for assistance, and acting first the Carthaginians approached Hiero to take no further action and convinced the Mamertines to accept a Carthaginian garrison in Messana.
Polybius states that the Carthaginians had 130 ships, but does not give an exact figure for the Romans.
Carthage, seeking to make up for the recent territorial losses and a plentiful source of silver to pay the large indemnity owed to Rome, turned its attention to Iberia, and in 237 BC the Carthaginians, led by Hamilcar Barca, began a series of campaigns to expand their control over the peninsula.
In the 6th century BC, the Carthaginians arrived in Iberia, struggling first with the Greeks, and shortly after, with the newly arriving Romans for control of the Western Mediterranean.
As early as the 4th century BC, the Greeks, Phoenicians and Carthaginians traded for Cornish tin.
While other ancient powers such as the Carthaginians maintained a patchwork of force types, and the legions retained such phalanx-style holdovers like the triarri, Marius implemented one consistent standardised approach for all the infantry.
The Lusitani are mentioned for the first time in Livy ( 218 BC ) and are described as fighting for the Carthaginians ; they are reported as fighting against Rome in 194 BC, sometimes allied with Celtiberian tribes.
Pisa served as a base for Roman naval expeditions against Ligurians, Gauls and Carthaginians.
They are called the " Punic Wars " because Rome's name for Carthaginians was Punici, due to their Phoenician ancestry.
This inference is based on the fact that the term was used in two different ways during the republican era: during Terence's lifetime, it was used to refer to non-Carthaginian Libyco-Berbers, with the term Punicus reserved for the Carthaginians.
However, when the Carthaginians do not leave, the Mamertines appeal to Rome for an alliance, hoping for more reliable protection.
His son Pyrrhus came to throne in 295 BC, and for six years fought against the Romans and Carthaginians in southern Italy and Sicily.
Selinunte was the most westerly of the Greek colonies in Sicily, and for this reason was early brought into contact and collision with the Carthaginians and the native Sicilians in the west and northwest of the island.
Among others they supplied naval forces to the armament of Scipio Africanus the Younger, a service for which he requited them by restoring them a statue of Mercury which had been carried off by the Carthaginians.
The Romans inflict a crushing defeat upon the Carthaginians, and the latter then sue for peace.
Carthaginians and their
The Carthaginians anticipated victory, especially because of their superior experience at sea.
The Roman fleet was defeated by the Carthaginians at Drepana, forcing the Romans to continue their attacks from land.
Though Hamilcar was killed in 229 BC, the offensive continued with the Carthaginians extending their power towards the Ebro valley and founding " New Carthage " in 228 BC.
* 255 BC: The Carthaginians employ a Spartan general, Xanthippus, to organize their defenses and defeat the Romans at the Battle of Tunis.
Phoenicians, Carthaginians and other early states also sacrificed infants to their gods.
Roman and Numidian forces under the leadership of the Roman general Publius Cornelius Scipio and his Numidian ally, Masinissa, defeat a combined army of Carthaginians and their Numidian allies under the command of Hannibal and forces Carthage to capitulate.
It is possible that, being mortal enemies of the Carthaginians, the classic historians may have engaged in a sort of propaganda against their enemies.
Classical sources relate how the Carthaginians burned their children as offerings to Baʿal Hammon.
He built a mole across the gulf into the harbour, the Carthaginians dug a canal from their inner harbour basin to the coast and put to sea with a full fleet, but they are defeated in a naval engagement.
Scipio is unable to stop the combined forces of the Carthaginians under Hasdrubal Gisco and the Numidians under their chief, Syphax, and he is forced to lift his siege of Utica.
Then, sweeping down on the forces that the Carthaginians and their allies, the Numidians, are trying to muster on the Great Plains near the upper Bagradas River ( in modern Tunisia ), he smashes that army in the Battle of the Great Plains.
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