* 1951 – Akhmad Kadyrov, Chechen politician, 1st President of the Chechen Republic ( d. 2004 )

After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Chechen-Ingush ASSR was split into two: the Republic of Ingushetia and the Chechen Republic.

The latter proclaimed the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, which sought independence.

Following the First Chechen War with Russia, Chechnya gained de facto independence as the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria.

* 2000 – Second Chechen War: Russia captures Grozny, Chechnya, forcing the separatist Chechen Republic of Ichkeria government into exile.

* 2000 – Second Chechen War: Chechen separatists ambush Russian paramilitary forces in the Republic of Ingushetia.

* 1951 – Aslan Maskhadov, Chechen rebel leader, 3rd President of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria ( d. 2005 )

Under Dzhokkar Dudayev, Chechnya declared independence as the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, using self-determination, Russia's history of bad treatment of Chechens, and a history of independence before invasion by Russia as main motives.

Russia has restored control over Chechnya, but the separatist government functions still in exile, though it has been split into two entities: the Achmed Zakayev-run secular Chechen Republic ( based in Poland, the UK and the USA ), and the Islamic Caucasus Emirate.

** The First Chechen War ( 1994 – 1996 ) – the conflict was fought between the Russian Federation and the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria.

The campaign largely reversed the outcome of the First Chechen War, in which the region gained de facto independence as the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria.

The campaign largely reversed the outcome of the First Chechen War, in which the region gained de facto independence as the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria.

** internal: Kabardino-Balkar Republic ( W / NW / N ), Stavropol Krai ( N ), Chechen Republic ( NE / E ), Republic of Ingushetia ( E / SE )

Grozny (;, Sölƶa-Ġala, or, Ƶovxar ) is the capital city of the Chechen Republic, Russia.

Akhmad Abdulkhamidovich Kadyrov (; 23 August 1951 – 9 May 2004 ), also spelled Akhmat, was the Chief Mufti of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria in the 1990s during and after the First Chechen War.

Shamil Salmanovich Basayev (; 14 January 1965 – 10 July 2006 ) was a Chechen militant Islamist and a leader of the Chechen rebel movement.

Anatoly Alexandrovich Popov (; born July 10, 1960 ) is an ethnic Russian who was the Prime Minister of the Chechen Republic, Russia, from February 10, 2003, following the resignation of Mikhail Babich, to March 16, 2004.

Dzhokhar Musayevich Dudaev (; ; February 15, 1944 – April 21, 1996 ) was a Soviet Air Force general and a Chechen leader, the first President of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, a breakaway state in the North Caucasus.

Znamenskoye (; ) is a village located in Nadterechny District in the northern portion of the Chechen Republic, Russia.

Anna Stepanovna Politkovskaya (; ; 30 August 1958 – 7 October 2006 ) was a Russian journalist, author, and human rights activist known for her opposition to the Chechen conflict and President of Russia Vladimir Putin.

Gudermes (; ) is a town in the Chechen Republic, Russia, located on the Sunzha River east of Grozny.

Argun (; ) is a town in the Chechen Republic, Russia, located on the Argun River.

The Chechen – Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, or Chechen – Ingush ASSR (;

The Chechen Republic ( Russian: Чеченская Республика ; Chechen: Noxçiyn Respublika Noxçiyçö ), also known as Chechnya ( Russian: Чечня ), Chechnia or Chechenia, is currently a constituent republic of the Russian Federation.

Critics of the textbook note the lack of detail about historical events such as the Siege of Leningrad ( 1941 – 44 ), the Gulag forced-labour camps, the Russo – Finnish Winter War ( 1939 – 40 ), the First Chechen War ( 1994 – 96 ), and the Second Chechen War ( 1999 – 2000 ), as serious factual inaccuracies ; most egregious, the critics propose, is the absence of the Holocaust ( 1933 – 45 ), and the glorification of the rule of Josef Stalin ( 1922 – 53 ).

Following Stalin's decision to deport the entire Chechen population on February 23, 1944, Khasbulatov was moved, along with his mother, to the Kazakh SSR ; his father, mortally ill, remained behind in hospitalization and soon died.

** Chechen rebels attack the Russian government headquarters in Grozny ; 70 Russian soldiers and policemen and 130 Chechen fighters are killed.

** A peace convoy carrying Chechen separatist leaders and international diplomats is targeted by a series of remotely controlled land mines ; 8 are killed.

Certain influential foreign conflicts such as the 1991 Soviet coup d ' état attempt which took place as part of the initial stages of the Dissolution of the USSR and the Fall of Communism ; the First and Second Chechen Wars, the Persian Gulf War and the Yugoslav Wars failed to dampen economic enthusiasm surrounding the ongoing Information Age and the " Irrational Exuberance " ( a phrase coined by Alan Greenspan ) of the Internet Boom.

When he visited Denmark for a peace congress in October 2002 ( the World Chechen Congress event in Copenhagen ), the Russians demanded his arrest and extradition ; Zakayev was held for over a month, but was released after Danish authorities stated they were not convinced that sufficient evidence had been provided.

Three small families are spoken in the Caucasus: Kartvelian languages, such as Georgian ; Northeast Caucasian ( Dagestanian languages ), such as Chechen ; and Northwest Caucasian, such as Circassian.

During the early phases of the Second Chechen War in 1999-2000, Zakayev commanded Maskhadov's presidential guard ; he was also involved in negotiations with Russian representatives before and during the resumed hostilities.

In an interview for Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty, Zakayev claimed to rebuff the Chechen president's reported offer and said that Kadyrov was only following the Kremlin's orders ; he also reinstates this stance two days later in the interview for the BBC Russian Service.

* Let Mr Zakayev stay ; Chechen leader should not be extradited, The Guardian, December 13, 2002

* The Inception of Chechen artistic writing: ethni-historical and aesthetic prerequisites by Kh. R. Abdulayeva ; In: The Culture of Chechnya: History and Modern Problems Contains discussion of Chechen and Ingush Nartic legends ( in English ).

He was identified by Kommersant as the Chechen mobster Movladi Atlangeriyev ; after returning to Russia, Atlangeriyev was forcibly disappeared in January 2008 by unknown men in Moscow.

Ironically, the two men ended up on opposite sides in the Chechen wars, during which Taramov sponsored a pro-Russian Chechen militia ( Sobaka magazine's dossier on Basayev reported that Taramov apparently equipped or " outfitted " this group of pro-Russian Chechens ; they were also known as " Shamil Hunters ").

During this period Stalin ordered the deportation of the Chechen, Ingush, Karachay and the Balkarian peoples from the Northern Caucasus ; they were transported to Siberia and Central Asia for alleged collaboration with the Nazis.

" There was once a library of Chechen history scripts, written in Chechen ( and possibly some in Georgian ) using Arabic and Georgian script ; however, this was destroyed by Stalin and wiped from record ( see-1944 Deportation ; Aardakh ).

The Chechen language ( Нохчийн мотт / Noxc ̈ iyn mott / نو ٓ خچیین مو ٓ تت ( Arabic orthography before latinisation ); Medieval Chechen: ) is spoken by more than 1. 5 million people, mostly in Chechnya and by Chechen people elsewhere.

The current resistance to Russian rule has its roots in the late 18th century ( 1785 – 1791 ), a period when Russia expanded into territories formerly under the dominion of Turkey and Persia ( see also the Russo-Turkish Wars and Russo-Persian War ( 1804 – 1813 )), under Mansur Ushurma — a Chechen Naqshbandi ( Sufi ) Sheikh — with wavering support from other North Caucasian tribes.

During the First ( 1994 – 1996 ) and Second Chechen Wars ( 1999 – 2009 ), Chechen rebels used RPGs to attack Russian tanks from basements and high rooftops.

* Arbi Barayev ( born 1974 ), Chechen warlord, known as The Terminator

Among TRP prominent members are Emma Bonino, former Italian Member of the European Parliament and former European Commissioner for Humanitarian Aid, Marco Pannella, former Italian Member of the European Parliament, Wei Jingsheng, President of the Chinese Overseas Coalition for Democracy, Enver Can, President of the Eastern Turkistan National Congress, Oumar Khambiev, Chechen Health Minister-elect ( 1997 ), Vo Van Ai, President of the Vietnam Committee for Human Rights, Quan Nguyen, President of the International Committee for the Nonviolent in Vietnam, Kok Ksor, President of the Montagnard Foundation, Vanida Tephsouvan, Executive Director of the Lao Movement of Human Rights, Arben Xaferi, Chairman of the Albanian Democratic Party of Macedonia, Pandeli Majko, Minister of Defense of Albania, Prof. Arnold S. Trebach, President International Antiprohibitionist League, and David Borden, Executive Director of DRCNet.

Many of them became refugees from a number of states of Central Asia and Caucasus ( as well as from the separatist Chechen Republic ), forced to flee during political unrest and hostilities towards Russians.

The Northeast family is assumed to include the Nakh languages ( Batsbi, Chechen, and Ingush ), which were formerly classified as a separate North-central Caucasian family.

The Nakh languages are a small family of languages spoken chiefly by the Nakh peoples, in Russia ( Chechnya and Ingushetia ), in Georgia, and in the Chechen diaspora ( mainly in Europe, Middle East and Central Asia ).

The Chechen radical militant groups the Special Purpose Islamic Regiment ( SPIR ), the International Islamic Peacekeeping Brigade ( IIPB ) and the Riyadus-Salikhin Reconnaissance and Sabotage Battalion of Chechen Martyrs took part in the operation.