Another vital referent is Leibniz ’ s project of an ideographic language called " universal character ", based on the principles of Chinese characters.

** Chinese character, a written language symbol ( sinogram ) used in Chinese, Japanese, and other languages

* Chinese character

* Mandarin Chinese children's story in simplified Chinese showing the stroke order for every character.

These ideals appeal to the Chinese ; they largely caused the Revolution, and they largely determined its peaceful character.

Three of these use the Chinese character 儒 rú, meaning " scholar ".

Rújiào and Kǒngjiào contain the Chinese character jiào, the noun " teach ", used in such as terms as " education ", or " educator ".

He puts the greatest emphasis on the importance of study, and it is the Chinese character for study () that opens the text.

Before the 1980s, Chinese publishers hired teams of workers and selected a few thousand type pieces from an enormous Chinese character set.

Chinese government agencies entered characters using a long, complicated list of Chinese telegraph codes, which assigned different numbers to each character.

The user must select the desired character from homophones, which are common in Chinese.

* Chinese character encodings:

Some think the name was chosen from the classic Chinese book the I Ching ; others note that the first character of his courtesy name is also the first character of the courtesy name of his brother and other male relatives on the same generation line, while the second character of his courtesy name shi ( 石 — meaning " stone ") suggests the second character of his " register name " tai ( 泰 — the famous Mount Tai of China ).

For example, the Chinese character for " mother " ( 妈 ) is sorted as a six-stroke character under the three-stroke primary radical ( 女 ).

Today speakers of Chinese use three numeral systems:

Decimal notation often refers to a base-10 positional notation such as the Hindu-Arabic numeral system ; however, it can also be used more generally to refer to non-positional systems such as Roman or Chinese numerals which are also based on powers of ten.

There were at least two presumably independent sources of positional decimal systems in ancient civilization: the Chinese counting rod system and the Hindu-Arabic numeral system ( the latter descended from Brahmi numerals ).

In many languages, such as Chinese, numerals require the use of numeral classifiers.

The numbers themselves are printed in financial Chinese numeral characters, as well as Arabic numerals.

In Chinese, a numeral cannot quantify a noun by itself ; instead, the language relies on classifiers, commonly referred to as measure words.

His system is basically the same as one of the ancient and now-unused Chinese numeral systems, in which units stand for 10 < sup > 4 </ sup >, 10 < sup > 8 </ sup >, 10 < sup > 16 </ sup >, 10 < sup > 32 </ sup >, ..., 10 < sup > 2n </ sup >, and so on.

Where the Roman model and Chinese model ( like most modern Japanese ) has 4 plus 1 bead per decimal place, the old version of the Chinese suanpan has 5 plus 2, allowing less challenging arithmetic algorithms, and also allowing use with a hexadecimal numeral system.

The route of transmission of Chinese place value decimal arithmetic know how to the west is unclear, how Sunzi's division and multiplication algorithm with rod calculus ended up in Hindu Arabic numeral form in Khwarizmi's work is unclear, as al Khwarizmi never given any Sankrit source nor quoted any Sanskrit stanza.

The rod numeral system is a positional numeral system used by the Chinese in mathematics.

Nowadays, the Suzhou numeral system is only used for displaying prices in Chinese markets or on traditional handwritten invoices.

In the Suzhou numeral system, special symbols are used for digits instead of the Chinese characters.

In Multitech's Chinese BASIC, a variable can be 3 bytes long ( one Chinese character + one numeral ).

The reverse features the denomination in Chinese characters and English with a large Arabic numeral in the centre and the year of issue below.

The gestures are rough representations of the Chinese numeral characters they represent.

Another possible source of the suanpan is Chinese counting rods, which operated with a decimal system but lacked the concept of zero as a place holder.

While Zhuyin is not used as a mainstream writing system, it is still often used in ways similar to a romanization system — that is, for aiding in pronunciation and as an input method for Chinese characters on computers and cellphones.

When the Ming Dynasty Chinese astronomer Xu Guangqi adapted the European southern hemisphere constellations to the Chinese system in The Southern Asterisms, he combined Apus with some of the stars in Octans to form the " Exotic Bird " ( 異雀, Yìquè ).

The system of Chinese astrology was elaborated during the Zhou dynasty ( 1046 – 256 BC ) and flourished during the Han Dynasty ( 2nd century BC to 2nd century AD ), during which all the familiar elements of traditional Chinese culture – the Yin-Yang philosophy, theory of the 5 elements, Heaven and Earth, Confucian morality – were brought together to formalise the philosophical principles of Chinese medicine and divination, astrology and alchemy.

Parallels to the earliest Babylonian ( Sumerian ) star catalogues suggest that the ancient Chinese system did not arise independently from that of the Ancient Near East.

* Written Chinese, the writing system of China

Scholars such as Frederick W. Mote argue that the wide drop in numbers reflects an administrative failure to record rather than an actual decrease ; others such as Timothy Brook argue that the Mongols created a system of enserfment among a huge portion of the Chinese populace, causing many to disappear from the census altogether ; other historians like William McNeill and David Morgan argue that the Bubonic Plague was the main factor behind the demographic decline during this period.

This turn of events marked China's transition from a planned economy to a mixed economy with an increasingly open market environment, a system termed by some as " market socialism ", and officially by the Communist Party of China as " Socialism with Chinese characteristics ".

The more familiar indigenous system are Chinese characters that correspond to numerals in the spoken language.

Most people and institutions in China primarily use the Indian ( Arabic ) system for convenience, with traditional Chinese numerals used mainly in some formal or ceremonial occasions such as on printed money.

Confucianism is a Chinese ethical and philosophical system developed from the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius ( 孔夫子 Kǒng Fūzǐ, or K ' ung-fu-tzu, lit.

The idea of Filial piety influenced the Chinese legal system: a criminal would be punished more harshly if the culprit had committed the crime against a parent, while fathers often exercised enormous power over their children.

The Chinese Imperial examination system seems to have been started in 165 BC, when certain candidates for public office were called to the Chinese capital for examination of their moral excellence by the emperor.

It is a system of moral, social, political, and religious thought that has had tremendous influence on Chinese history, thought, and culture down to the 21st century.

Various Chinese dialects complicate the system.

While the phonetic system is easy to learn, choosing appropriate Chinese characters slows typing speed.