At the Fourth Ecumenical Council at Chalcedon in 451, Constantinople was given jurisdiction over three dioceses for the reason that the city was " the residence of the emperor and senate ".

Additionally, Jerusalem was recognized at the Council of Chalcedon as one of the major sees.

The Chalcedonian Creed, developed at the Council of Chalcedon in 451, though rejected by the Oriental Orthodox Churches, taught Christ " to be acknowledged in two natures, inconfusedly, unchangeably, indivisibly, inseparably ": one divine and one human, and that both natures are perfect but are nevertheless perfectly united into one person.

The Oriental Orthodox Churches ( also called Old Oriental Churches ) are those eastern churches that recognize the first three ecumenical councils — Nicaea, Constantinople and Ephesus — but reject the dogmatic definitions of the Council of Chalcedon and instead espouse a Miaphysite christology.

The Confession of Chalcedon ( also Definition or Creed of Chalcedon ), also known as the Doctrine of the Hypostatic Union or the Two-Nature Doctrine, was adopted at the Council of Chalcedon in 451 in Asia Minor.

That Council of Chalcedon is one of the first seven Ecumenical Councils accepted by Eastern Orthodox, Catholic, and many Protestant Christian churches.

The Council of Chalcedon was a church council held from October 8 to November 1, 451 AD, at Chalcedon ( a city of Bithynia in Asia Minor ), on the Asian side of the Bosporus, known in modern times as Istanbul.

The Council of Chalcedon was convened by Emperor Marcian, with the reluctant approval of Pope Leo the Great, to set aside the 449 Second Council of Ephesus, better known as the " Robber Council ".

The Council of Chalcedon issued the ' Chalcedonian Definition ,' which repudiated the notion of a single nature in Christ, and defined that he has two natures in one person and hypostasis ; it also insisted on the completeness of his two natures: Godhead and manhood.

He agreed to anathematize Nestorius as a heretic in 451, during the Council of Chalcedon, as the price to be paid for being restored to his see ( after deposition at the Council of Ephesus of 449 ).

The Council of Chalcedon condemned the work of the Robber Council and professed the doctrine of the Incarnation presented in Leo's Tome.

The Council of Chalcedon also elevated the See of Constantinople to a position " second in eminence and power to the Bishop of Rome ".

In the early 5th century, this status was challenged by the bishops of Alexandria, but the Council of Chalcedon confirmed in Canon XXVIII:

simple: Council of Chalcedon

The Chalcedonian Creed was adopted at the Council of Chalcedon in 451 in Asia Minor.

Cyril died about 444, but the controversies were to continue for decades, from the " Robber Synod " of Ephesus ( 449 ) to the Council of Chalcedon ( 451 ) and beyond.

The Church belongs to the Oriental Orthodox family of churches, which has been a distinct church body since the Council of Chalcedon in AD 451, when it took a different position over Christological theology from that of the Eastern Orthodox Church ( not to be confused with the Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria ).

This title is historically known as “ Patriarch of Alexandria and all Africa on the Holy Apostolic Throne of Saint Mark the Evangelist ,” that is “ of Alexandria and of all Africa .” The title of “ Patriarch ” was first used around the time of the Third Ecumenical Council of Ephesus, convened in AD 431, and ratified at Chalcedon in AD 451.

# Council of Chalcedon ( 451 ) repudiated the Eutychian doctrine of monophysitism, adopted the Chalcedonian Creed, which described the hypostatic union of the two natures of Christ, human and divine.

Its present canon law requires that an ecumenical council be convoked and presided over, either personally or through a delegate, by the Pope, who is also to decide the agenda ; but the church makes no claim that all past ecumenical councils observed these present rules, declaring only that the Pope's confirmation or at least recognition has always been required, and saying that the version of the Nicene Creed adopted at the First Council of Constantinople ( 381 ) was accepted by the Church of Rome only seventy years later, in 451.

This practical eminence of Constantinople in the East is evident, first at the First Council of Constantinople 381, and then ecumenically at the Council of Chalcedon in 451.

However, it was affirmed as ecumenical at the Council of Chalcedon in 451.

By 451 he was designated Theologus, or Theologian by the Council of Chalcedon — a title held by no others save John the Apostle and Symeon the New Theologian.

Monophysite doctrine had been condemned as a heresy by the Council of Chalcedon in 451, and the tolerant policies towards Monophysitism of Zeno and Anastasius I had been a source of tension in the relationship with the bishops of Rome.

Nestorius and his teachings were eventually condemned as heretical at the First Council of Ephesus in 431 and the Council of Chalcedon in 451, leading to the Nestorian Schism in which churches supporting Nestorius broke with the rest of the Christian Church.

Nestorianism was officially anathematized, a ruling reiterated at the Council of Chalcedon in 451.

* 451 – At Chalcedon, a city of Bithynia in Asia Minor, the first session of the Council of Chalcedon begins ( ends on November 1 ).

* 451: Council of Chalcedon, the fourth ecumenical council which taught Jesus Christ as one divine person in two natures.

* Emperor Zeno promulgates an Edict of Union ( Henotikon ) in an unsuccessful effort to soften the decision made at the Council of Chalcedon ( 451 ) and resolve differences between the eastern and western Churches.

Over the centuries, disagreements separated Western Christianity from the various forms of Eastern Christianity: first from East Syrian Christianity after the Council of Ephesus ( 431 ), then from that of Oriental Orthodoxy after the Council of Chalcedon ( 451 ), and then from Eastern Orthodoxy with the East-West Schism of 1054.

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A classified report written and issued by the United States National Security Council.

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At the time, the UN Security Council issued statements that " chemical weapons had been used in the war.

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