The Cray-1 had twelve pipelined functional units.

The Cray-1 normally had a performance of about 80 MFLOPS, but with up to three chains running it could peak at 240 MFLOPS – a respectable number even as of 2002.

However only seven had been installed when the famous Cray-1 was announced in 1975.

The classic example of this design is the Cray-1, which had performance similar to the ILLIAC.

In 1976 the Cray-1 was developed by Seymour Cray, who had left Control Data in 1972 to form his own company.

The CPU was very similar to the Cray-1 CPU in architecture, but had better memory bandwidth ( with two read ports and one write port to the main memory instead of one ) and improved chaining support.

The HEP had the performance of a CDC 7600-class computer in the Cray-1 era.

The Cray-1 supercomputer designed in 1976 had a distinctive cooling system.

More modern computers were important after WWII, and some machines ( like the Cray-1 ) are reported to have had machine instructions hardwired in at the request of NSA.

Relentless improvements changed things by the mid-1970s, however, and the Cray-1 had been able to use newer ICs and still run at a respectable 12. 5 ns ( 80 MHz ).

CTSS had the misfortune to have certain constants, structures, and lacking certain networking facilities ( TCP / IP ) which were optimized to be Cray-1 architecture-dependent without extensive rework when larger memory supercomputers like the Cray-2 and the Cray Y-MP came into use.

Carnivorous plants have an SQ of + 1, while the Cray-1 had an SQ of + 9.

The C1 was very similar to the Cray-1 in general design, but its CPU and main memory was implemented with slower but less expensive CMOS technology.

The Cray-1 was a supercomputer designed, manufactured, and marketed by Cray Research.

The first Cray-1 system was installed at Los Alamos National Laboratory in 1976, and it went on to become one of the best known and most successful supercomputers in history.

In 1975, the 80 MHz Cray-1 was announced.

The 80 MFLOPS Cray-1 was succeeded in 1982 by the 800 MFLOPS Cray X-MP, the first Cray multi-processing computer.

A more conservatively designed evolutionary successor of the Cray-1 and X-MP models was therefore made, by the name Cray Y-MP, and launched in 1988.

The first Cray-1 was delayed six months due to problems in the cooling system ; lubricant that is normally mixed with the Freon to keep the compressor running would leak through the seals and eventually coat the boards with oil until they shorted out.

The Cray-1 was built as a 64-bit system, a departure from the 7600 / 6600 which were 60-bit machines ( a change also planned for the 8600 ).

Instead the Cray-1 included four 6-channel controllers, each of which was given access to main memory once every four cycles.

The Cray-1S, announced in 1979, was an improved Cray-1 that supported a larger main memory of 1, 2, or 4 million words.

In 1978, the first standard software package for the Cray-1 was released, consisting of three main products:

CTSS was written in a dynamic memory Fortran first named LRLTRAN which ran on CDC 7600s and renamed CVC ( pronounced " Civic ") when vectorization for the Cray-1 was added.

So in 1983, he set up a spinoff company, ETA Systems, whose design goal was a machine processing data at 10 GFLOPs, about 40 times the speed of the Cray-1.

The vector technique was first fully exploited in 1976 by the famous Cray-1.

It was generally rated at 20 MFLOPS peak for double precision ( 64-bit ), and 40 MFLOPS peak for single precision ( 32-bit ), about one fifth the normal speed of the Cray-1.

The Cray-1 dedicated almost all of its design to sustained high-speed access to memory, including over one million 64-bit words of semiconductor memory and a cycle time that was one-fifth that of the ASC ( 12. 5 ns ).

Although the ASC was in some ways a more expandable design, in the supercomputer world outright speed wins, and the Cray-1 was simply much faster.

After thorough testing and four years of NASA use, Illiac IV was connected to the ARPANet for distributed use in November 1975, becoming the first available supercomputer, beating Cray's Cray-1 by nearly 12 months.

It was announced in 1982 as the " cleaned up " successor to the 1975 Cray-1, and was the world's fastest computer from 1983 to 1985.

The Cray-1 used only four different IC types, an ECL dual 5-4 NOR gate ( one 5-input, and one 4-input, each with differential output ), another slower MECL 10K 5-4 NOR gate used for address fanout, a 16 × 4-bit high speed ( 6 ns ) static RAM ( SRAM ) used for registers, and a 1, 024 × 1-bit 50 ns SRAM used for the main memory.

Older high-end mainframe computers, such as the Enterprise System / 9000 members of IBM's ESA / 390 computer family, used ECL as did the Cray-1 ; and first generation Amdahl mainframes.

Most early vector CPUs, such as the Cray-1, were associated almost exclusively with scientific research and cryptography applications.

* January – The Cray-1, the first commercially developed supercomputer, is released by Seymour Cray's Cray Research.

Instead of reading any sized vector several times as in the STAR, the Cray-1 would have to read only a portion of the vector at a time, but it could then run several operations on that data prior to writing the results back to memory.

In all, the Cray-1 contained about 200, 000 gates.

The only patents issued for the Cray-1 computer concerned the cooling system design.

Image: Cray-1-Computer History Museum-20070512. jpg | Cray-1 at Computer History Museum

Image: Cray-1-deutsches-museum. jpg | Cray-1 at Deutsches Museum

* UNICOS: the original Cray Unix, based on System V. Used on the Cray-1, Cray-2, X-MP, Y-MP, C90, etc.

By this time, however, Cray's own designs, like the Cray-1, were using the same basic design techniques as the STAR, but were computing much faster.

* Tron ( 1982 ) — In the wide screen version of the film, when Flynn and Lora sneak into Encom, a CDC 7600 is visible in the background, alongside a Cray-1.