In a few months the Duke was to be the center of a controversy of some significance on the touchy question of the Protestant Succession.

A few days after this Englishman appeared, Defoe reported to Oxford that Steele was expected to move in Parliament that the Duke be called over ; ;

In 1256, the castrum of Abensprech was first mentioned, and on 12 June 1348, Ludwig, Margrave of Brandenburg, and his brother, Stephen, Duke of Bavaria, raised Abensberg to the status of a city, giving it the right to operate lower courts, enclose itself with a wall and hold markets.

The last Lord of Abensberg, Nicholas, supposedly named after his godfather, Nicholas of Kues, a Catholic cardinal, was murdered in 1485 by Christopher, a Duke of Bavaria-Munich.

Henry, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, then took command of the troops of the league, and after Albert had been placed under the imperial ban in December 1553 he was defeated by Duke Henry, and compelled to flee to France.

Albert the Bear (; c. 1100 – 18 November 1170 ) was the first Margrave of Brandenburg ( as Albert I ) from 1157 to his death and was briefly Duke of Saxony between 1138 and 1142.

Albert was the only son of Otto, Count of Ballenstedt, and Eilika, daughter of Magnus Billung, Duke of Saxony.

Albert was a loyal vassal of his relation, Lothar I, Duke of Saxony, from whom, about 1123, he received the Margraviate of Lusatia, to the east ; after Lothar became King of the Germans, he accompanied him on a disastrous expedition to Bohemia in 1126, when he suffered a short imprisonment.

In 1158 a feud with Henry's son, Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony, was interrupted by a pilgrimage to the Holy Land.

Because Albert was a member of the Brandenburg-Ansbach branch of the House of Hohenzollern, it had been hoped that his election as Grand Master would reverse the decline of the Teutonic Knights since 1410 ; Duke Frederick of Saxony of the House of Wettin had been elected for the same reason.

His mother was Sophia, daughter of Casimir IV Jagiellon, Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland, and his wife Elisabeth of Austria.

Albert was chosen as his successor early in 1511 in the hope that his relationship to his maternal uncle, Sigismund I the Old, Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland, would facilitate a settlement of the disputes over eastern Prussia, which had been held by the Order under Polish suzerainty since the Second Peace of Thorn ( 1466 ).

Afonso de Albuquerque ( or archaically spelt as Aphonso d ' Albuquerque and also spelt as Alfonso, and Alphonso ; ; 1453December 16, 1515 ), 1st Duke of Goa, was a Portuguese fidalgo, or nobleman, an admiral whose military and administrative activities as second governor of Portuguese India conquered and established the Portuguese colonial empire in the Indian Ocean.

Ealdred supported Harold as king, but when Harold was defeated at the Battle of Hastings, Ealdred backed Edgar the Ætheling and then endorsed King William the Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy and a distant relative of King Edward's.

Alexander (; ) ( 5 August 1461 – 19 August 1506 ) of the House of Jagiellon was the Grand Duke of Lithuania and later also King of Poland.

He was elected Grand Duke of Lithuania on the death of his father ( 1492 ), and King of Poland on the death of his brother John I Albert ( 1501 ).

For want of funds, Alexander was unable to resist the Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights or prevent Grand Duke of Muscovy Ivan III from ravaging Grand Duchy of Lithuania with the Tatars.

The most the Grand Duke of Lithuania could do was to garrison Smolensk and other strongholds and employ his wife Helena, the Tsar's daughter, to mediate a truce between his father-in-law and himself after the disastrous Battle of Vedrosha ( 1500 ).

Great solicitude was devoted to the education of Nicolas as tsarevich, whereas Alexander received only the training of an ordinary Grand Duke of that period.

By the age of twenty, Ferdinando I, Duke of Mantua, began commissioning works from him, and he was also employed by local jewelers for figurative designs.

Thus the possibility of re-incorporating Portugal ( up to then Southern Galicia ) into a Kingdom of Portugal and Galicia as before was eliminated and Afonso became sole ruler ( Duke of Portugal ) after demands for independence from the county's church and nobles.

Alfonso was the son of Queen Isabella II of Spain, and allegedly, of her husband and King Consort, Francis, Duke of Cádiz.

Finally Amadeus of Savoy, Duke of Ostia, was elected by Parliament as new King of Spain.

* 1955 – Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg

* 1642 – Cosimo III de ' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany ( d. 1723 )

Duke Frederick of Saxony, Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, died in December 1510.

* Alexander Jagiellon ( 1461 – 1506 ), Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland

In the summer of 1214, Andrew had a meeting with Grand Duke Leszek I of Poland and they agreed that they would divide the Principality of Halych between Hungary and Poland.

* 1789 – Stéphanie de Beauharnais, French wife of Charles, Grand Duke of Baden ( d. 1860 )

* 1917 – Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich of Russia ( d. 1992 )

* 1574 – Cosimo I de ' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany ( b. 1519 )

* Grand Cross of the Order of Duke Peter Friedrich Ludwig of Oldenburg-1905

She was the daughter of Gediminas, Grand Duke of Lithuania.

Charles was born in Florence, Tuscany, where his father was then Grand Duke.

In Florence on 8 September 1787 ( by proxy ) and again in Dresden on 18 October 1787 ( in person ), Anton married a second time with the Archduchess Maria Theresia of Austria ( Maria Theresia Josephe Charlotte Johanna ), daughter of the Grand Duke Leopold I of Tuscany, later Emperor Leopold II.

Its roots lay in the arts and crafts school founded by the Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach in 1906 and directed by Belgian Art Nouveau architect Henry van de Velde.

Realising the danger, the Duke of Marlborough resolved to alleviate the peril to Vienna by marching his forces south from Bedburg and help maintain Emperor Leopold within the Grand Alliance.

The year 1705 proved almost entirely barren for the Duke whose military disappointments were only partly compensated by efforts on the diplomatic front where, at the courts of Düsseldorf, Frankfurt, Vienna, Berlin and Hanover, Marlborough sought to bolster support for the Grand Alliance and extract promises of prompt assistance for the following year ’ s campaign.

Prior to his appointment as Duke, Otto had been a long-time opponent of Henry II's expanding influence in Swabia.

Prior to World War I they used the additional titles Prince ( Princess ) of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Duke ( Duchess ) of Saxony as members of the House of Wettin.

Prior to the speech the Armada had been driven from the Strait of Dover in the Battle of Gravelines eleven days earlier, and had by now rounded Scotland on its way home, but troops were still held at ready in case the Spanish army of Alexander Farnese, the Duke of Parma, might yet attempt to invade from Dunkirk ; two days later they were discharged.

Prior to becoming king, Duke Christian was sent to Norway in 1506 by John II ( also called Hans ), King of Norway ( 1483 – 1513 ) to take charge of the kingdom.

Prior to becoming king, Duke Christian was sent to Norway in 1506 by John II ( also called Hans ), King of Norway ( 1483 – 1513 ) to take charge of the kingdom.

His title in full is: His Royal Highness Prince Richard Alexander Walter George, Duke of Gloucester, Earl of Ulster and Baron Culloden, Knight of the Most Noble Order of the Garter, Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order, Grand Prior of the Order of St. John, Service Medal of the Order of St. John.

Prior to this game, female athletes at Duke and Louisville had come close to playing in a game but did not.

At the time of his death, Prince Henry's full style was: His Royal Highness The Prince Henry William Frederick Albert, Duke of Gloucester, Earl of Ulster and Baron Culloden, Knight of the Most Noble Order of the Garter, Knight of the Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle, Knight of the Most Illustrious Order of Saint Patrick, Grand Master and Principal Knight Grand Cross of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath, Knight Grand Cross of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George, Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order, Grand Prior of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem.

Prior to Mr Buckley being unmasked by the London Evening Standard, one urban myth grew that the nose is there in honour of the Duke of Wellington, who was known for having a particularly large nose.

Prior to that a number of alternatives have been found including a note that in Warwickshire in 1892 the song was sung of both the Duke of York and the King of France ; from 1894 that it was sung of Napoleon.

Prior to being awarded a peerage, Arthur Wellesley, the Duke of Wellington, served in the Irish House of Commons as a Member for the rotten borough of Trim in County Meath.

They came under the leadership of Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovitch to 1933, and Grand Duke Andrei Vladimirovitch to 1956, both holding the title of " Grand Prior ".

Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovitch became the " Protector " to the Paris group in 1956, but refused the title of Grand Prior.

This new order grew in population over the ensuing decades, during which the Duke of Manchester was in 1861 recruited as Grand Prior and a national hospitaller organization was formed when the Order of St. John formed a corps of ambulances.

The reigning monarch of each of the Commonwealth realms is at the apex of the Order of St. John as its Sovereign Head, followed by the Grand Prior, since 1974 the Duke of Gloucester.

Prior to the establishment of the British colony there, Captain John Hayes of the East India Company had sailed up the Derwent River, with the vessels Duke of Clarence and the Duchess of Bengal in 1793.

Prior to Dune, Duke Leto Atreides ' power and influence had grown in the Landsraad, making him a threat to Shaddam.

Prior to his engagement, Louis's father considered various daughters of European royals, such as Anna Maria Luisa de ' Medici and his niece Marie Louise d ' Orléans, daughter of Philippe of France, Duke of Orléans, and his wife Princess Henrietta of England.

Matthew Prior, in dedicating his Poems on Several Occasions ( 1709 ) to Dorset's son, affirms that his opinion was consulted by Edmund Waller ; that the Duke of Buckingham deferred the publication of his Rehearsal until he was assured that Dorset would not rehearse upon him again ; and that Samuel Butler and Wycherley both owed their first recognition to him.

Prior to Duke, he played for Willowridge High School in Missouri City, Texas along with T. J. Ford and Ivan McFarlin.

Prior to joining the Duke faculty, he was a tenured professor at Carnegie Mellon University and New York University.

He was appointed Grand Prior of the Constantinian Order of St George by HRH Infante don Carlos, Duke of Calabria, on 27 February 2004.

Pompedda was appointed as the Cardinal Grand Prior of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George by order of the Grand Master, HRH The Duke of Castro.