According to Smith's account, and also according to the book's narrative, the Book of Mormon was originally written in otherwise unknown characters referred to as " reformed Egyptian " engraved on golden plates.

" The Protestation of Guiltlessness ," from the Egyptian Book of the Dead, is a collection of assertions of innocence which were included in ancient Egyptian burial rites, and is often compared to Job, especially chapter 31.

These influences serve to reinforce the conclusion that the Book of Exodus originated in the exiled Jewish community of 6th-century Babylon, but not all the sources are Mesopotamian: the story of Moses's flight to Midian following the murder of the Egyptian overseer may draw on the Egyptian Tale of Sinuhe.

Indeed, amongst many ancient writers, Moses himself was seen as an Egyptian rather than a Jew, and two manuscripts likely dating to the 4th century, both of which purport to be the legendary eighth Book of Moses ( the first five being the initial books in the Biblical Old Testament ), present him as a polytheist who explained how to conjure gods and subdue demons.

Herodotus ' description of the Egyptian Labyrinth, in Book II of The Histories, inspired some central scenes in Bolesław Prus ' 1895 historical novel, Pharaoh.

According to the Book of Exodus, Moses was born in a time when his people, the Children of Israel, were increasing in number and the Egyptian Pharaoh was worried that they might help Egypt's enemies.

), astrological philosophy from Hellenistic Alexandria, early Christian mysticism, early Gnostics, the Hebrew system of the Kabbalah, The Hindu Vedas, the Chinese " Circle of the Dead ", Egyptian " Book of the Masters of the Secret House " ( Ritual of the Dead ).

Muslims believe that a person will correctly answer the questions not by remembering the answers before death ( compare with the Egyptian Book of the Dead ) but by their iman and deeds such as salah and shahadah ( the Islamic profession of faith ).

A section of the Egyptian Book of the Dead written on papyrus

These documents provide important information on ancient writings ; they give us the only extant copy of Menander, the Egyptian Book of the Dead, Egyptian treatises on medicine ( the Ebers Papyrus ) and on surgery ( the Edwin Smith papyrus ), Egyptian mathematical treatises ( the Rhind papyrus ), and Egyptian folk tales ( the Westcar papyrus ).

The Thelemic pantheon includes a number of deities, focusing primarily on a trinity of deities adapted from ancient Egyptian religion, who are the three speakers of The Book of the Law: Nuit, Hadit and Ra-Hoor-Khuit.

Despite this, the identification of the tarot cards with the Egyptian Book of Thoth was already firmly established in occult practice and continues in modern urban legend to the present day.

Originally, the phoenix was identified by the Egyptians as a stork or heron-like bird called a benu, known from the Book of the Dead and other Egyptian texts as one of the sacred symbols of worship at Heliopolis, closely associated with the rising sun and the Egyptian sun-god Ra.

Canaanites as they were portrayed in the Ancient Egyptian " Book of Gates ", dated to the 13th century BC.

Nevertheless, the influence of classical ideas in many humanities disciplines, such as philosophy and literature, remains strong ; for example, the Gilgamesh Epic from Mesopotamia, the Egyptian Book of the Dead, the Vedas and Upanishads in India and various writings attributed to Confucius, Lao-tse and Chuang-tzu in China.

Egyptian texts of the period are taken from a poem of Akhenaten himself, from the Egyptian Book of the Dead, and from extracts of decrees and letters from the Amarna period, the seventeen-year period of Akhenaten's rule.

* In the fiction book The Book of the Dead by Douglas Preston and Lincoln Child, Adamant is among various goods inside of an Egyptian tomb on display in the New York Museum of Natural History.

The Greek poet Homer extolled the wealth of Thebes in the Iliad, Book 9 ( c. 8th Century BC ): "... in Egyptian Thebes the heaps of precious ingots gleam, the hundred-gated Thebes.

Egyptian mummification processes used asphalt imported from the Dead Sea region.

The oldest written manuscripts have been preserved by the perfect dryness of their Middle Eastern resting places, whether placed within sarcophagi in Egyptian tombs, or reused as mummy-wrappings, discarded in the middens of Oxyrhynchus or secreted for safe-keeping in jars and buried ( Nag Hammadi library ) or stored in dry caves ( Dead Sea scrolls ).

Osiris was widely worshiped as Lord of the Dead until the suppression of the Egyptian religion during the Christian era.

During the 2nd millennium BC, Ancient Egyptian texts use the term Canaan to refer to an Egyptian-ruled colony, whose boundaries generally corroborate the definition of Canaan found in the Hebrew Bible, bounded to the west by the Mediterranean Sea, to the north in the vicinity of Hamath in Syria, to the east by the Jordan Valley, and to the south by a line extended from the Dead Sea to around Gaza.

In the Papyrus of Ani copy of the Egyptian Book of the Dead the scribe proclaims " I am thy writing palette, O Thoth, and I have brought unto thee thine ink-jar.

* The Egyptian iBook of the Dead

" Among the most prominent are the Irish ballad " Finnegan's Wake " from which the book takes its name, Italian philosopher Giovanni Battista Vico's La Scienza Nuova, the Egyptian Book of the Dead, the plays of Shakespeare, and religious texts such as the Bible and Qur ' an.

One of the sources Joyce drew from is the Ancient Egyptian story of Osiris, and the Egyptian Book of the Dead, a collection of spells and invocations.

Imhotep in the 3rd dynasty is sometimes credited with being the founder of ancient Egyptian medicine and with being the original author of the Edwin Smith Papyrus, detailing cures, ailments and anatomical observations.

The most ancient mathematical texts available are Plimpton 322 ( Babylonian mathematics c. 1900 BC ), the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus ( Egyptian mathematics c. 2000-1800 BC ) and the Moscow Mathematical Papyrus ( Egyptian mathematics c. 1890 BC ).

* Berlin Papyri — housed in the Egyptian Museum and Papyrus Collection.

* Ancient Egyptian Papyrus – Aldokkan

An additional Egyptian source, Papyrus Harris I, records how the defeated foe were brought in captivity to Egypt and settled in fortresses.

The Egyptian Papyrus of Kahun ( 1900 BCE ) and Vedic literature in ancient India offer one of the first written records of veterinary medicine.

* Tale of Two Brothers from the Egyptian Papyrus D ’ Orbiney by the scribe Ennana.

Imhotep is also believed to have founded Egyptian medicine, being the author of the world's earliest known medical document, the Edwin Smith Papyrus.

The earliest known writings on the circulatory system are found in the Ebers Papyrus ( 16th century BCE ), an ancient Egyptian medical papyrus containing over 700 prescriptions and remedies, both physical and spiritual.

* 1500 BC-Edwin Smith Papyrus an Egyptian medical text and the oldest known surgical treatise ( no true surgery )

* Staatliche Museen zu Berlin: Egyptian Museum and Papyrus Collection

* " Papyrus of Ani: Egyptian Book of the Dead ", Sir Wallis Budge, NuVision Publications, page 57, 2007.

One ancient Egyptian myth preserved in the Papyrus Westcar recounts the story of Isis, Nephthys, Meskhenet, and Heqet as traveling dancers in disguise, assisting the wife of a priest of Amun-Re as she prepares to bring forth sons who are destined for fame and fortune.

To be certain, the House of Nephthys was one of fifty individual, land-owning temples delineated for this portion of the Middle Egyptian district in Papyrus Wilbour.

One aspect of ancient Egyptian funerary literature which often is mistaken for a codified ethic of Maat is Spell ( Chapter ) 125 of the Book of the Dead or Papyrus of Ani ( known to the ancient Egyptians as The Book of Going Forth by Day ).