Imhotep in the 3rd dynasty is sometimes credited with being the founder of ancient Egyptian medicine and with being the original author of the Edwin Smith Papyrus, detailing cures, ailments and anatomical observations.

The most ancient mathematical texts available are Plimpton 322 ( Babylonian mathematics c. 1900 BC ), the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus ( Egyptian mathematics c. 2000-1800 BC ) and the Moscow Mathematical Papyrus ( Egyptian mathematics c. 1890 BC ).

These documents provide important information on ancient writings ; they give us the only extant copy of Menander, the Egyptian Book of the Dead, Egyptian treatises on medicine ( the Ebers Papyrus ) and on surgery ( the Edwin Smith papyrus ), Egyptian mathematical treatises ( the Rhind papyrus ), and Egyptian folk tales ( the Westcar papyrus ).

* Berlin Papyri — housed in the Egyptian Museum and Papyrus Collection.

* Ancient Egyptian Papyrus – Aldokkan

An additional Egyptian source, Papyrus Harris I, records how the defeated foe were brought in captivity to Egypt and settled in fortresses.

* Tale of Two Brothers from the Egyptian Papyrus D ’ Orbiney by the scribe Ennana.

Imhotep is also believed to have founded Egyptian medicine, being the author of the world's earliest known medical document, the Edwin Smith Papyrus.

The earliest known writings on the circulatory system are found in the Ebers Papyrus ( 16th century BCE ), an ancient Egyptian medical papyrus containing over 700 prescriptions and remedies, both physical and spiritual.

* 1500 BC-Edwin Smith Papyrus an Egyptian medical text and the oldest known surgical treatise ( no true surgery )

In the Papyrus of Ani copy of the Egyptian Book of the Dead the scribe proclaims " I am thy writing palette, O Thoth, and I have brought unto thee thine ink-jar.

* Staatliche Museen zu Berlin: Egyptian Museum and Papyrus Collection

* " Papyrus of Ani: Egyptian Book of the Dead ", Sir Wallis Budge, NuVision Publications, page 57, 2007.

One ancient Egyptian myth preserved in the Papyrus Westcar recounts the story of Isis, Nephthys, Meskhenet, and Heqet as traveling dancers in disguise, assisting the wife of a priest of Amun-Re as she prepares to bring forth sons who are destined for fame and fortune.

To be certain, the House of Nephthys was one of fifty individual, land-owning temples delineated for this portion of the Middle Egyptian district in Papyrus Wilbour.

One aspect of ancient Egyptian funerary literature which often is mistaken for a codified ethic of Maat is Spell ( Chapter ) 125 of the Book of the Dead or Papyrus of Ani ( known to the ancient Egyptians as The Book of Going Forth by Day ).

The Egyptian Book of the Dead: ( The Papyrus of Ani ) Egyptian Text Transliteration and Translation.

Five early texts in which Egyptian fractions appear were the Egyptian Mathematical Leather Roll, the Moscow Mathematical Papyrus, the Reisner Papyrus, the Kahun Papyrus and the Akhmim Wooden Tablet.

The Moscow Mathematical Papyrus, the Egyptian Mathematical Leather Roll, the Lahun Mathematical Papyri which are a part of the much larger collection of Kahun Papyri and the Berlin Papyrus all date to this period.

Spengler's Decline of the West ( 2 vol 1919 – 1922 ) compared nine organic cultures: Egyptian ( 3400 BC-1200 BC ), Indian ( 1500 BC-1100 BC ), Chinese ( 1300 BC-AD 200 ), Classical ( 1100 BC-400 BC ), Byzantine ( AD 300 – 1100 ), Aztec ( AD 1300 – 1500 ), Arabian ( AD 300 – 1250 ), Mayan ( AD 600 – 960 ), and Western ( AD 900 – 1900 ).

Hassan Fathy ( 1900 – 1989, Arabic: حسن فتحي ) was a noted Egyptian architect who pioneered appropriate technology for building in Egypt, especially by working to re-establish the use of mud brick ( or adobe ) and traditional as opposed to western building designs and lay-outs.

His 1899 book The Liberation of Women ( Tahrir al mara ’ a ) and its 1900 sequel The New Woman ( al mara ’ a al jadida ) examined the question of why Egypt had fallen under European power, despite centuries of Egyptian learning and civilisation, and concluded that the explanation was the low social and educational standing of Egyptian women.

A boat in an Egyptian tomb painting from about 1450 BCE

And there are several non-biblical historically and archaeologically attested details that can only be found in Chronicles, including the account of the Egyptian Shistak's campaign in the late 10th century BCE ( 2 Chronicles 12: 2 – 4 ), and Hezekiah's preparing and safeguarding Jerusalem's water supply prior to the Assyrian attack in the late 8th century BCE ( 2 Chronicles 32: 2-4 ).

Nineveh is compared to Thebes, the Egyptian city that Assyria itself had destroyed in 663 BCE.

Leonard Kouba and Judith Muasher write that genitally-mutilated females have been found among Egyptian mummies, and that Herodotus ( c. 484 BCE – c. 425 BCE ) referred to the practice when he visited Egypt.

There is reference on a Greek papyrus from 163 BCE to the procedure being conducted on girls in Memphis, the ancient Egyptian capital, and Strabo ( c. 64 BCE – c. 23 CE ), the Greek geographer, reported it when he visited Egypt in 25 BCE.

An early example of the Golden Rule that reflects the Ancient Egyptian concept of Maat appears in the story of The Eloquent Peasant, which dates to the Middle Kingdom ( c. 2040 – 1650 BCE ): " Now this is the command: Do to the doer to cause that he do thus to you.

The first record of the name Israel ( as ) occurs in the Merneptah stele, erected for Egyptian Pharaoh Merneptah c. 1209 BCE, " Israel is laid waste and his seed is not.

The process was gradual rather than swift: a strong Egyptian presence continued into the 12th century BCE, and, while some Canaanite cities were destroyed, others continued to exist in Iron I.

The name Israel first appears in the stele of the Egyptian pharaoh Merneptah c. 1209 BCE, " Israel is laid waste and his seed is no more.

In the central highlands this resulted in unification in a kingdom with the city of Samaria as its capital, possibly by the second half of the 10th century BCE when an inscription of the Egyptian pharaoh Shoshenq I, the biblical Shishak, records a series of campaigns directed at the area.

Judah prospered as an Assyrian vassal state, despite a disastrous rebellion against Sennacherib ), but in the last half of the 7th century BCE Assyria suddenly collapsed, and the ensuing competition between the Egyptian and Neo-Babylonian empires for control of Palestine led to the destruction of Judah in a series of campaigns between 597 and 582.

The first record of the name Israel occurs in the Merneptah stele, erected for Egyptian Pharaoh Merneptah c. 1209 BCE, " Israel is laid waste and his seed is not.

The earliest recorded trace of a recapitulation theory is from the Egyptian Pharaoh Psamtik I ( 664 – 610 BCE ), who used it as an hypothesis on the origin of language.

David Diringer noted that " the first mention of Egyptian documents written on leather goes back to the Fourth Dynasty ( c. 2550-2450 BCE ), but the earliest of such documents extant are: a fragmentary roll of leather of the Sixth Dynasty ( c. twenty-fourth century BCE ), unrolled by Dr. H. Ibscher, and preserved in the Cairo Museum ; a roll of the Twelfth Dynasty ( c. 1990-1777 BCE ) now in Berlin ; the mathematical text now in the British Museum ( MS. 10250 ); and a document of the reign of Ramses II ( early thirtheenth century BCE ).".

* Ancient Egyptian quasi-theatrical events – earliest recorded quasi-theatrical event dates back to 2000 BCE with the " passion plays " of Ancient Egypt.

There is evidence of the ancient Egyptian pharaoh Amenemhet III in the twelfth dynasty ( about 1800 BCE ) using the natural lake of the Faiyum Oasis as a reservoir to store surpluses of water for use during the dry seasons, the lake swelled annually from flooding of the Nile.

Following Cyrus the Great's conquest of the Near East and Central Asia, Cambyses II further expanded the empire into Egypt during the Late Period by defeating the Egyptian pharaoh Psamtik III during the battle of Pelusium in 525 BCE.

We know of no clearly arithmetical material in ancient Egyptian or Vedic sources, though there is some algebra in both.

The concept of a universal principle of natural order, has been compared with similar concepts in other cultures like the Vedic Rta, the Avestan Asha ( Arta ) and the Egyptian Maat.

The concept of a universal principle of natural order has been compared with similar concepts in other cultures like the Vedic Rta, the Avestan Asha ( Arta ) and the Egyptian Maat.

The supposed prediction of an astronomical conjunction of the black hole at the center of the Milky Way galaxy with the winter solstice Sun on December 21, 2012, referred to by Jenkins in Maya Cosmogenesis 2012: The True Meaning of the Maya Calendar End-Date ( 1998 ) and Galactic Alignment: The Transformation of Consciousness According to Mayan, Egyptian, and Vedic Traditions ( 2002 ) as having been predicted by the ancient Maya and others, is a much-anticipated event in Mayanism.