The Egyptians also believed in a place called the Duat, a mysterious region associated with death and rebirth, that may have lain in the underworld or in the sky.

Egyptians may have referred to papyrus as pa-per-aa pr-ˁ3 ( that which is of Pharaoh ), apparently denoting the Egyptian crown as owning a monopoly on papyrus production.

Professor Sarah Iles Johnston argues that ancient civilizations, such as the ancient Mesopotamians, Greeks, Romans, and Egyptians held polytheistic beliefs that may have enabled them to deal with the concept of theodicy differently.

* The edict of emperor Caracalla ( Constitutio Antoniniana ) extends Roman citizenship to all free inhabitants of the Roman Empire with the exception of a limited group that may include Egyptians.

These various forms may possibly be different perceptions of the same multi-layered deity in which certain attributes or syncretic relationships are emphasized, not necessarily in opposition but complementary to one another, consistent with how the Ancient Egyptians viewed the multiple facets of reality.

It has been suggested that this location may have been somewhat apart from Egypt, because states, " Ye may dwell in the land of Goshen ; for every shepherd is an abomination unto the Egyptians.

" In the same place, Cicero mentions a " fourth Mercury ( Hermes ) was the son of the Nile, whose name may not be spoken by the Egyptians.

Milky Way seen as it may have appeared to Ancient Egyptians

Aside from papyrus, several other members of the genus Cyperus may actually have been involved in the multiple uses Egyptians found for the plant.

The Egyptians may have suspected the mighty days of Mitanni were about to end.

Egyptians for example, may or may not identify themselves as Arabs.

It has been suggested that this may be related to the fact that the Egyptians regulated their year by the heliacal rising of the star Sirius, a phenomenon which occurs in the morning just before dawn.

Egyptians eat fava beans in various ways: they may be shelled and then dried, bought dried and then cooked by adding water in very low heat for several hours, etc.

We may never be able to prove the age of this mummy at death, but it is probable that the ancient Egyptians who buried ( and later desecrated ) the body in KV55 believed it to be Akhenaten's .< ref > Bell, M. R., < cite >" An Armchair Excavation of KV 55 ", JARCE 27 ( 1990 )</ cite > pp. 135 </ ref >

Callaway has proposed that a local Canaanite ruler may have managed to conquer the city away from the Egyptians, following which it was destroyed in an Egyptian counterattack.

" Another felt that ," Arab countries hate Egyptians ", and that unity with Israel may even be more of a possibility than Arab nationalism, because he believes that Israelis would at least respect Egyptians.

This may also have been due to the training of the Egyptians, who were used to the more sheltered bays in the Mediterranean.

However, the passage over the ridge of hills which shuts in on the south of the great Jezreel Valley was blocked by the Judean army led by Josiah, who may have considered that the Assyrians and Egyptians were weakened by the death of the pharaoh Psamtik I only a year earlier ( 610 BC ), who had been appointed and confirmed by Assyrian kings Esarhaddon and Assurbanipal.

An even more ancient variation can be found with the Ancient Egyptians: the blessing ankh wedja seneb, usually translated as " may he live, be prosperous, be healthy.

Arabic may have been already familiar to Egyptians through pre-Islamic trade with Bedouin Arab tribes in the Sinai Peninsula, and the easternmost part of the Nile Delta.

There were also 120, 000 Egyptians, plus 300 chariots, which may have been 500 + men.

Egyptians also believed that being mummified and put in a sarcophagus ( an ancient Egyptian " coffin " carved with complex symbols and designs, as well as pictures and hieroglyphs ) was the only way to have an afterlife.

Egyptians have been living under emergency law since 1967, except for an 18-month break in 1980.

Yet the debate did not end there ; Jan Assmann and James P. Allen have since asserted that the Egyptians did to some degree recognize a single divine force.

The Egyptians did have an aberrant period of some form of monotheism during the New Kingdom, in which the pharaoh Akhenaten abolished the official worship of other gods in favor of the sun-disk Aten.

Others have argued that the Ancient Egyptians had no concept of pi and would not have thought to encode it in their monuments.

The ancient Egyptians also employed magical incantations, which have been found inscribed on various amulets and other items.

Dr. Patrick Hunt has postulated that the Egyptians used emery shown to have higher hardness on the Mohs scale.

Nerves are large enough to have been recognized by the ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans, but their internal structure was not understood until it became possible to examine them using a microscope.

The Ancient Egyptians covered the faces of pyramids with polished white limestone, containing great quantities of fossilized seashells .< ref > Viegas, J., Pyramids packed with fossil shells, ABC News in Science, < www. abc. net. au / science / articles / 2008 / 04 / 28 / 2229383. htm ></ ref > Many of the facing stones have fallen or have been removed and used to build the mosques of Cairo.

Large numbers of Egyptians from the Nile Valley and Delta have moved to the area to work in tourism, while at the same time development has negatively affected the native Sinai Bedouin population.

Scurvy was documented as a disease by Hippocrates, and Egyptians have recorded its symptoms as early as 1550 BC.

Seventh-day shabbat did not originate with the Egyptians, to whom it was unknown ; and other origin theories based on the day of Saturn, or on the planets generally, have also been abandoned.

They were said to have emerged from the acacia tree of Iusaaset, which the Egyptians considered the tree of life, referring to it as the " tree in which life and death are enclosed.

The latter was believed because the Egyptians considered knots to have magical powers.

Even the Egyptians are speculated to have used hosiery as socks have been found in certain tombs.

The Egyptians attempted to give them a disk shape in the predynastic period ( about 3850-3650 BC ) in order to increase their impact and even provide some cutting capabilities, but this seems to have been a short lived improvement.

The origins of the game are said to be ancient, going back to the Egyptians, ancient Greeks, and Ancient Romans, who are said to have introduced it to Provence first.

The Egyptians seem to have known little about the function of the kidneys and made the heart the meeting point of a number of vessels which carried all the fluids of the body – blood, tears, urine and sperm, but the fluid of saliva and sweat they did not know where that came from.

The etymology is uncertain, but a strong candidate has long been some word related to the Biblical פוך ( pūk ), " paint " ( if not that word itself ), a cosmetic eye-shadow used by the ancient Egyptians and other inhabitants of the eastern Mediterranean.

Amethyst was used as a gemstone by the ancient Egyptians and was largely employed in antiquity for intaglio engraved gems.

Even though the stone had been around centuries and was known to both the Sumerians and the Egyptians, both who used the gem for decoration and for playing important parts in their religious ceremonies, any agate of this color from Sicily, once an ancient Greek colony, is called Greek agate.

Ancient Egyptians burned ambergris as incense, while in modern Egypt ambergris is used for scenting cigarettes.

Many ancient cultures, including the ancient Egyptians and ancient Greeks, used specially selected mold and plant materials and extracts to treat infections.

Egyptians used papyrus to make sales messages and wall posters.

The earliest written records indicate the Egyptians and Babylonians used all the elementary arithmetic operations as early as 2000 BC.

The Egyptians, Persians and other civilizations mostly used columns for the practical purpose of holding up the roof inside a building, preferring outside walls to be decorated with reliefs or painting, but the Ancient Greeks, followed by the Romans, loved to use them on the outside as well, and the extensive use of columns on the interior and exterior of buildings is one of the most characteristic features of classical architecture, in buildings like the Parthenon.

The first known tool used to aid arithmetic calculations was the Abacus, devised by Sumerians and Egyptians before 2000 BC.

Arabs learned the process from the Egyptians and used it extensively in their chemical experiments.

The ancient Egyptians had a thoroughly developed system for the acquisition of intelligence, and the Hebrews used spies as well, as in the story of Rahab.

Verner wrote, " We can conclude that although the ancient Egyptians could not precisely define the value of π, in practice they used it ".

The Royal Navy used Gatling guns against the Egyptians at Alexandria in 1882.

The ancient Egyptians credited one of their gods, Thoth, with the invention of music, which Osiris in turn used as part of his effort to civilize the world.

At first, Egyptians used the bright green malachite stones for ornamentations and pottery.

This dates back at least to the ancient Egyptians, who used a wholly decimal system.

Ancient Egyptians used obsidian imported from the eastern Mediterranean and southern Red Sea regions.

Ancient Egyptians used this plant as a writing material and for boats, mattresses, mats, rope, sandals, and baskets.

It was probably an application of spiral movement in space ( spirals were a special study of Archimedes ) to a hollow segmented water-wheel used for irrigation by Egyptians for centuries.

The Egyptians used herbs for embalming and their need for exotic herbs helped stimulate world trade.

From their existing records, it is known that the ancient Egyptians recorded the names of only a few identifiable constellations and a list of thirty-six decans that were used as a star clock.

Ancient Egyptians used thyme for embalming.

Hippocrates ( 460-377 BC ) prescribed it for curing pleurisy, fever, ulcers, and constipation ; it was used by the ancient Egyptians to kill bacteria.