The wife of Augustus I, the Electress Christiane Eberhardine, refused to follow her husband's example and remained a staunch Protestant.

The Act of Settlement provided that the throne would pass to the Electress Sophia of Hanover – a granddaughter of James VI of Scotland and I of England, niece of Charles I of Scotland and England – and her Protestant descendants who had not married a Roman Catholic ; those who were Roman Catholic, and those who married a Roman Catholic, were barred from ascending the throne " for ever ".

The current most senior living descendant of the Electress Sophia who is ineligible to succeed due to the act is George Windsor, Earl of St Andrews, the eldest son of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, who married the Roman Catholic Sylvana Palma Tomaselli in 1988 ; he would now be 29th in the lines of succession if he had not lost his place.

It was the Electress Dowager, however, who, in accordance with Hohenzollern family custom, had the last word in bestowing her daughter's hand in marriage.

: For the Danish princess who became Electress of Saxony, see Anne of Denmark, Electress of Saxony.

However, any Protestant descendant of the Electress who had already been born when the repealing statute was enacted had already automatically acquired the status of a British subject, and so there are still people alive today who can claim British nationality under the Sophia Naturalization Act.

The Electress, now the first-lady of Tuscany, and Gian Gastone were not on good terms: he scorned her for marrying him to Anna Maria Franziska, who, for eleven years, made his life unbearable.

The Electress had provided him with a son, who had immediately died, but Charles Theodore's particular penchant for secret liaisons, most of whom were French actresses that he had raised to the status of countess, had produced several natural children.

During his reign, Jack directs the construction of a ship made of durable teak wood, using funds invested by the pirate queen who had seized the Cabal's gold, and Sophie, Electress of Hanover.

Notwithstanding the favor shown to him by the Elector Maximilian Emanuel, he accepted in 1688 the appointment of Kapellmeister at the court of Hanover, where he speedily improved an acquaintance dating from 1681 with Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg ( Celle ; afterwards Elector of Hanover ), winning also a pleasant footing with the Elector's daughter Sophia Charlotte ( afterwards Electress of Brandenburg and Queen of Prussia ), the philosopher Leibniz, the Abbate Ortensio Mauro, and many men of letters and intelligence, and where, in 1710, he showed great kindness to Handel, who was then just entering upon his glorious career.

These laws restrict the succession to legitimate descendants of Sophia, Electress of Hanover and disbar those who are Roman Catholics or who have married Roman Catholics.

Anne was predeceased by Sophia, Electress of Hanover, and was therefore succeeded by the latter's son, who became George I in 1714.

The Act of Settlement is an act of the Parliament of England that was passed in 1701 to settle the succession to the English and Irish crowns and thrones on the Electress Sophia of Hanover ( a granddaughter of James I ) and her Protestant heirs.

To address the succession crisis and preclude a Catholic restoration, the Parliament of England enacted the Act of Settlement 1701, which provided that, failing the issue of Anne and of William III by any future marriage, the Crown of England and Ireland would go to Sophia, Electress of Hanover and her Protestant descendants.

In accordance with the Act of Settlement 1701 the crown passed to the Protestant descendants of Sophia, Electress of Hanover, in the form king George I.

It followed the Act of Settlement 1701 whereby Dowager Electress Sophia of Hanover and her Protestant descendants were declared to be in the line of succession to the throne ( her son George I later became king ).

The Protestant " heir of the body " of Sophia, Electress of Hanover succeeds to the Throne.

The English Parliament did not want the throne to revert to a Catholic, and so passed the Act of Settlement 1701, which settled the throne of England on Sophia, Electress of Hanover, granddaughter of James I of England, and her Protestant heirs.

The English parliament did not want the throne to revert to a Catholic, so it passed the Act of Settlement 1701, which settled the throne of England on Sophia, Electress of Hanover, granddaughter of James VI and I, and her Protestant heirs.

This act granted English nationality to the Electress and to the Protestant " issue of her body ", allowing all her future descendants a claim to English nationality.

They are also descendants, through non-Catholic marriages, of Sophia, Electress of Hanover, in whose Protestant descendants is vested the right of succession to the British throne according to the Act of Settlement 1701.

If Edward had not converted to Catholicism, it is possible that the English throne would have been inherited by his descendants rather than those of his Protestant sister, Sophia, Electress of Hanover.

The Electress Dowager maintained an attitude of reserve and even refused to grant the Swedish king a personal meeting with Maria Eleonora.

The Electress demanded in no uncertain terms that the Queen Dowager should prevent her son's journey, as " being prejudicial to Brandenburg's interests in view of the state of war existing between Sweden and Poland ".

Because he died without legitimate issue — Electress Eleonore suffered two miscarriages during their marriage, in August 1692 and February 1693 — he was succeeded as Elector by his brother Frederick Augustus I ( king of Poland as Augustus II of Poland ).

He despised the Electress for engineering his unhappy marriage with Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg, while she detested his liberal policies: he repealed all of his father's anti-Semitic statutes and revelled in upsetting her.

He was, however, appointed joint-guardian of the Infante with Dorothea Sophia of the Rhine, Dowager Duchess of Parma and the Electress Palatine's sister-in-law.

The Electress Anna Maria Luisa inherited all of the House of Medici's allodial possessions, but in accordance with the wishes of the great powers, Francis of Lorraine succeeded to the title Grand Duke of Tuscany.

Succession is by male-preference primogeniture governed by both the Act of Settlement 1701, and Bill of Rights 1689, legislation that limits the succession to the natural ( i. e. non-adopted ), legitimate descendants of Sophia, Electress of Hanover, and stipulates that the monarch cannot be a Roman Catholic, nor have married one, and must be in communion with the Church of England upon ascending the throne.

In 1706, Gildon, a staunch Whig by this point ( in contrast to his family's Toryism and Jacobitism ), published letters to the Electress Sophia to come visit England, with an eye toward being on hand to take the throne upon Queen Anne's death.

The next year she reconciled with the grand ducal family, and gave birth to Anna Maria Luisa, future Electress Palatine, in August 1667.

Sophia of the Palatine, later Electress of HanoverPortrait by her sister Louise Hollandine, c. 1644

Dowager Electress Sophia called her " the most agreeable Princess in Germany ".

The succession of her husband's family to the British throne was still insecure, as Queen Anne's half-brother James Stuart contested the Hanoverian claim, and Queen Anne and Caroline's grandmother-in-law Dowager Electress Sophia had fallen out.

The Act of Settlement 1701 bestowed succession on the Electress Sophia of Hanover and her descendants while excluding Roman Catholics.

In 1711, King Louis's sister-in-law, the Princess Palatine, sent a letter to her aunt, Sophia, Electress of Hanover, stating that the prisoner had " two musketeers at his side to kill him if he removed his mask ".

The Act for the Naturalization of the Most Excellent Princess Sophia, Electress and Duchess Dowager of Hanover, and the Issue of her Body was an Act of the Parliament of England ( 4 & 5 Ann.

On her marriage to Elector Johann Wilhelm II, she became Electress Palatine, and, by patronising musicians, she earned for the contemporary Palatine court the reputation of an important music centre.

The Electress spent her time enjoying balls, musical performances and other festivities.

Agostino Steffani, a polymath, was sponsored by the Electress from his arrival in Düsseldorf, in 1703, until her return to Tuscany ; the Conservatorio library in Florence houses two editions of his chamber duets.

Consequently, the Electress was compelled to abandon her apartment in the left wing of the royal palace, the Pitti, for the Villa La Quiete.

The Viceroy, the Prince de Craon, whom the Electress disliked for his " vulgar " court, allowed the Electress to live undisturbed in her own wing of the Pitti, living in virtual seclusion, only on occasion receiving a select-number of guests under a black dais in her silver-clad audience room.