Section 1 ( 4 ) applies in relation to proceedings before a relevant convention court under the European Patent Convention as it applies to a judicial proceeding in a tribunal of a foreign state.

* October 21 – The European Patent Institute is founded.

Whether a patent application relates to an invention is governed by Article 52 of the European Patent Convention, that excludes e. g. discoveries as such and software as such.

In 1995, the European Patent Office ( EPO ) granted a patent on an anti-fungal product derived from neem to the US Department of Agriculture and W. R. Grace and Company.

* European Patent Convention, a convention instituting the European Patent Organisation

Letter-bombs, along with anti-personnel mines, are typical examples of subject-matter excluded from patentability under the European Patent Convention, because the publication or exploitation of such inventions are contrary to the " ordre public "

Patent applications were filed in European countries ( priority: Switzerland ), the United States, and Japan, and the patents transferred to Daimler-Benz.

* European Patent Agency, now European Patent Office

* European Patent Attorney, a legal specialization for Representation before the European Patent Office

In Europe, " computer programs as such " are excluded from patentability and European Patent Office policy is consequently that a program for a computer is not patentable if it does not have the potential to cause a " further technical effect " beyond the inherent technical interactions between hardware and software.

However, some regional offices exist, such as the European Patent Office ( EPO ), which act as supranational bodies with the power to grant patents which can then be brought into effect in the member states, and an international procedure also exists for filing a single international application under the Patent Cooperation Treaty ( PCT ), which can then give rise to patent protection in most countries.

Within European Union member states, the EPO and other national patent offices have issued many patents for inventions involving software since the European Patent Convention ( EPC ) came into force in the late 1970s.

A summary of the developments concerning patentability of computer programs under the European Patent Convention is given in ( see G 3 / 08 ) as a response of the Enlarged Board of Appeal to questions filed by the President of the European Patent Office according to Art.

European Sea Ports Organisation ESPO

His mandate derives from the Dayton Agreement, as confirmed by the Peace Implementation Council, an ad hoc body with a Steering Board composed of representatives of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the UK, the United States, the presidency of the European Union, the European Commission, and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation.

ECMWF has dramatically improved the accuracy and reliability of weather forecasting, working in collaboration with Member and Co-operating States, the European Union and partners such as the World Meteorological Organization ( WMO ), the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites ( EUMETSAT ) and the European Space Agency ( ESA ).

The Federal Republic of Germany ( FRG ) is a Central European country and member of the European Union, G8, the G20, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO ).

Hungary is a member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD ) since 1995, a member of the World Trade Organization ( WTO ) since 1996, and a member of the European Union since 2004.

Canada – Japan relations are underpinned by their partnership in multilateral institutions: the G-7 / 8 ; the United Nations ; the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the Quad ( Canada, the European Union, Japan and the United States ), and by their common interest in the Pacific community, including participation in the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum ( APEC ) and the ASEAN Regional Forum ( ARF ).

Adenauer firmly integrated the country with the emerging Euro-Atlantic community ( NATO and the Organisation for European Economic Cooperation ).

* Both countries are full members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, of the European Union and of NATO.

* Both countries are full members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, of the European Union and of NATO.

* Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe, of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and of the European Union.

* Both countries are full members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, of the European Union and of NATO.

It also belongs to the Organization of African Unity ( OAU ); Organisation of Islamic Cooperation ( OIC ); Non-Aligned Movement ( NAM ); an associate member of the European Community ( EC ); and African Development Bank ( ADB ).

In addition it hosts the European police organization, Europol ; and the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons.

The first Dzurinda government made numerous political and economic reforms that enabled Slovakia to enter the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD ), close virtually all chapters in European Union ( EU ) negotiations, and make itself a strong candidate for accession to North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO ).

Switzerland is a member of many international organisations, including the World Trade Organization, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, European Free Trade Association, Council of Europe, Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, International Atomic Energy Agency, and INTELSAT.

Turkmenistan is a member of the United Nations, the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, the Economic Cooperation Organization, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, the Islamic Development Bank, the Commonwealth of Independent States, Asian Development Bank, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, and the Food and Agriculture Organization.

The Western European Armaments Organisation ( WEAO ) was intended as an Armaments Agency but operations were limited to a research cell.

* " Fair " instead of " free " trade, via democratic control of the World Trade Organisation and international financial institutions such the International Monetary Fund, Worldbank, European Union, North American Free Trade Agreement, Free Trade Area of the Americas, and G8.

: The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation ( EUROCONTROL ) provides an Aeronautical Information Publication ( AIP ), aeronautical charts and NOTAM services for multiple European countries.

Currently, only twenty-four nations have spaceflight technology: Russia ( Russian Federal Space Agency ), the United States ( NASA, the US Air Force, SpaceX ( a U. S private aerospace company )), the member states of the European Space Agency, the People's Republic of China ( China National Space Administration ), Japan ( Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency ), and India ( Indian Space Research Organisation ).

The result of this attitude has been the domination of many orthography conferences by such considerations as typographic ' esthetics ', which usually turns out to be nothing more than certain prejudices carried over from European languages.

The European season usually starts in late April or Early May and is usually over by mid October.

Unlike some of their continental European counterparts, the Monarch and her Governors-General in the Commonwealth realms hold significant " reserve " or " prerogative " powers, to be wielded in times of extreme emergency or constitutional crises usually to uphold parliamentary government.

Major metropolitan areas in most European countries are usually served by extensive commuter / suburban rail systems.

Mexican wolves in particular resemble some European wolves in stature, though their heads are usually broader, their necks thicker, their ears longer and their tails shorter.

During European Middle Ages, citizenship was usually associated with cities, see burgher, Grand Burgher ( German Großbürger ) and Bourgeoisie.

In most western countries, to become a qualified dentist one must usually complete at least four years of postgraduate study ; within the European Union the education has to be at least five years.

Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications ( Digital European Cordless Telecommunications ), usually known by the acronym DECT, is a digital communication standard, which is primarily used for creating cordless phone systems.

In national usage, national protocol usually demands the national flag takes precedence over the European flag ( which is usually displayed to the right of the national flag from the observer's perspective ).

Feudalism usually emerged as a result of the decentralization of an empire: especially in the Japanese and Carolingian ( European ) empires which both lacked the bureaucratic infrastructure necessary to support cavalry without the ability to allocate land to these mounted troops.

Actual, which in English is usually a synonym of " real ", has a different meaning in other European languages, in which it means " current " or " up-to-date ", and has the logical derivative as a verb, meaning " to make current " or " to update ".

The others usually begin with the world rushing to catastrophe, until people realise a better way of living: whether by mysterious gases from a comet causing people to behave rationally and abandoning a European war ( In the Days of the Comet ( 1906 )), or a world council of scientists taking over, as in The Shape of Things to Come ( 1933, which he later adapted for the 1936 Alexander Korda film, Things to Come ).

European harps in medieval and Renaissance times usually had a bray pin fitted to make a buzzing sound when a string was plucked.

They are chromatic instruments and are usually played in an East Asian harmonica orchestra instead of the " push-button " chromatic harmonica that is more common in the European / American tradition.

The Secretariat of the European Parliament is located in Luxembourg, but the Parliament usually meets in nearby Strasbourg.

Despite the European origin of the liberal arts college, the term liberal arts college usually denotes liberal arts colleges in the United States.

Also, under influence from orthography of European languages, transliterating of borrowed words into Arabic is usually done using vowels in place of diacritics, even when the latter is more suitable, and even when transliterating words from another Semitic language, such as Hebrew, a phenomenon augmented by the neglect of diacritics in most printed forms since the beginning of mechanical printing.

As an example, in many European countries serfs and peasants were obliged to perform around 45 days of military service per year without pay, usually during this campaign season when they were not required for agriculture.

While phrenologist usually claimed the superiority of the European race, they were often sympathetic to liberal causes including the antislavery movement, this sowed skepticism over phrenology among those who were pro-slavery.

Porsche Automobil Holding SE, usually shortened to Porsche () or Porsche SE, a Societas Europaea or European Public Company, is a German holding company with investments in the automotive industry.

* In the European Union, thinkers such as Habermas have advocated a Euro-patriotism, but patriotism in Europe is usually directed at the nation-state and often coincides with Euroscepticism.

Adventures, Monsters and Story of the games are usually drawn from legends of the respective mirrored region, although there are several cross-over exceptions, like the eastern European Baba Yaga that also appears in the first game.

While many Latin American countries have long since rendered the system officially illegal through legislation, usually at the time of their independence, prejudice based on degrees of perceived racial distance from European ancestry combined with one ’ s socioeconomic status remain, an echo of the colonial caste system.