The Annales School () is a group of historians associated with a style of historiography developed by French historians in the 20th century.

The goal of the Annales was to undo the work of the Sorbonnistes, to turn French historians away from the narrowly political and diplomatic toward the new vistas in social and economic history.

Bloch was shot by the Gestapo during the German occupation of France in World War II for his active membership of the French Resistance, and Febvre carried on the Annales approach in the 1940s and 1950s.

Before Annales, French history supposedly happened in Paris.

Both the American and the Annales historians picked up important family reconstitution techniques from French demographer Louis Henry.

The French Historical Revolution: The Annales School 1929 – 89, ( 1990 ), the major study in English excerpt and text search

New History in France: The Triumph of the Annales, ( 1994, first French edition, 1987 ) excerpt and text search

" French History in the Last Twenty Years: the Rise and Fall of the Annales Paradigm.

French Historical Method: The Annales Paradigm, ( 1976 )

After the French chemists Louis Nicolas Vauquelin, Louis Jacques Thénard, and Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac approved the experiments of the young pharmacist Balard, the results were presented at a lecture of the Académie des Sciences and published in Annales de Chimie et Physique.

Foreign periodicals, such as the Annales des Mines, published accounts of travels made by French engineers who observed British methods on study tours.

Marc Léopold Benjamin Bloch (; 6 July 1886 – 16 June 1944 ) was a French historian who cofounded the highly influential Annales School of French social history.

The French Historical Revolution: The Annales School 1929-89, ( 1990 ), the major study in English excerpt and text search

The classic multivibrator circuit ( also called a plate-coupled multivibrator ) is first described by H. Abraham and E. Bloch in Publication 27 of the French Ministère de la Guerre, and in Annales de Physique 12, 252 ( 1919 ).

Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie, the leader of the French Annales School, notes the king was handsome, athletic, intelligent and an excellent hunter, but that he disappointed the people.

The Annales School of French historians emphasized the importance of peasants.

John Cowper Powys, D. B. Wyndham-Lewis, and Lucien Febvre ( one of the founders of the French historical school Annales ) wrote books about him.

In his essays in social history, written during the 1950s and ' 60s, Trevor-Roper was increasingly influenced by — though he never formally embraced the work of — the French Annales School, especially Fernand Braudel, and did much to introduce the work of the Annales school to the English-speaking world.

In 1791 he was made a member of the Academy of Sciences and from that time he helped to edit the journal Annales de Chimie ( Chemical annals ), although he left the country for a while during the height of the French Revolution.

Word of these experiments reached the eminent French chemist Gay-Lussac, and he commented on them in Annales de Chimie et de Physique in 1819.

Pirenne argued that profound social, economic, cultural, and religious movements in the long-term resulted from equally profound underlying causes, and this attitude influenced Marc Bloch and the outlook of the French Annales School of social history.

Lamprecht's work remained influential elsewhere, however, particularly in the tradition of the French Annales School.

When this discovery was followed up in 1870, on the neighbouring Santorin ( Thera ), by representatives of the French School at Athens, much pottery of a class now known immediately to precede the typical late Aegean ware, and many stone and metal objects, were found.

" She attended the Misses Lyman School and was just an average student, though she did well in French and Natural History.

In 1893 the French Archaeological School removed vast quantities of soil from numerous landslides to reveal both the major buildings and structures of the sanctuary of Apollo and of Athena Pronaia along with thousands of objects, inscriptions and sculptures.

Some of the most influential contemporary classical double bass players are known as much for their contributions to pedagogy as for their performing skills, such as US bassist Oscar G. Zimmerman ( 1910 – 1987 ), known for his teaching at the Eastman School of Music and, for 44 summers at the Interlochen National Music Camp in Michigan and French bassist François Rabbath ( b. 1931 ) who developed a new bass method that divided the entire fingerboard into six positions.

1828 – January 9, 1901 ) was a Black Canadian painter whose tonalism and predominantly pastoral subject matter owed much to his admiration for Millet and the French Barbizon School.

From 1955 onwards, the works of directors of the so-called Polish Film School had a great influence on the contemporary trends such as French New Wave, Italian neorealism or even late Classical Hollywood cinema.

Category: French Liberal School

* Paul Vidal de la Blache ( 1845 – 1918 ), founder of the French School of geopolitics and possibilism.

Following the French committee's findings, in his Elements of the Philosophy of the Human Mind ( 1818 ), Dugald Stewart, an influential academic philosopher of the " Scottish School of Common Sense ", encouraged physicians to salvage elements of Mesmerism by replacing the supernatural theory of " animal magnetism " with a new interpretation based upon " common sense " laws of physiology and psychology.

Exemplifying the French School are the early Avignon Pietà of Enguerrand Quarton ; the anonymous painting of King Jean le Bon ( c. 1360 ), possibly the oldest independent portrait in Western painting to survive from the postclassical era ; Hyacinthe Rigaud's Louis XIV ; Jacques-Louis David's The Coronation of Napoleon ; and Eugène Delacroix's Liberty Leading the People.

She was the founder of Syracuse Oratory School, and Baum advertised his services in her catalog to teach theatre, including stage business, playwriting, directing, and translating ( French, German, and Italian ), revision, and operettas, though he was not employed to do so.

Rosso Fiorentino, who had been a fellow-pupil of Pontormo in the studio of Andrea del Sarto, brought Florentine mannerism to Fontainebleau in 1530, where he became one of the founders of the French 16th century Mannerism called the " School of Fontainebleau ".

These reforms included guarantees to ensure the Ottoman subjects perfect security for their lives, honour, and property ; the introduction of the first Ottoman paper banknotes ( 1840 ) and opening of the first post offices ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the finance system according to the French model ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the Civil and Criminal Code according to the French model ( 1840 ); the establishment of the Meclis-i Maarif-i Umumiye ( 1841 ) which was the prototype of the First Ottoman Parliament ( 1876 ); the reorganization of the army and a regular method of recruiting, levying the army, and fixing the duration of military service ( 1843 – 44 ); the adoption of an Ottoman national anthem and Ottoman national flag ( 1844 ); the first nationwide Ottoman census in 1844 ( only male citizens were counted ); the first national identity cards ( officially named the Mecidiye identity papers, or informally kafa kağıdı ( head paper ) documents, 1844 ); the institution of a Council of Public Instruction ( 1845 ) and the Ministry of Education ( Mekatib-i Umumiye Nezareti, 1847, which later became the Maarif Nezareti, 1857 ); the abolition of slavery and slave trade ( 1847 ); the establishment of the first modern universities ( darülfünun, 1848 ), academies ( 1848 ) and teacher schools ( darülmuallimin, 1848 ); establishment of the Ministry of Healthcare ( Tıbbiye Nezareti, 1850 ); the Commerce and Trade Code ( 1850 ); establishment of the Academy of Sciences ( Encümen-i Daniş, 1851 ); establishment of the Şirket-i Hayriye which operated the first steam-powered commuter ferries ( 1851 ); the first European style courts ( Meclis-i Ahkam-ı Adliye, 1853 ) and supreme judiciary council ( Meclis-i Ali-yi Tanzimat, 1853 ); establishment of the modern Municipality of Istanbul ( Şehremaneti, 1854 ) and the City Planning Council ( İntizam-ı Şehir Komisyonu, 1855 ); the abolition of the capitation ( Jizya ) tax on non-Muslims, with a regular method of establishing and collecting taxes ( 1856 ); non-Muslims were allowed to become soldiers ( 1856 ); various provisions for the better administration of the public service and advancement of commerce ; the establishment of the first telegraph networks ( 1847 – 1855 ) and railroads ( 1856 ); the replacement of guilds with factories ; the establishment of the Ottoman Central Bank ( originally established as the Bank-ı Osmanî in 1856, and later reorganized as the Bank-ı Osmanî-i Şahane in 1863 ) and the Ottoman Stock Exchange ( Dersaadet Tahvilat Borsası, established in 1866 ); the Land Code ( Arazi Kanunnamesi, 1857 ); permission for private sector publishers and printing firms with the Serbesti-i Kürşad Nizamnamesi ( 1857 ); establishment of the School of Economical and Political Sciences ( Mekteb-i Mülkiye, 1859 ); the Press and Journalism Regulation Code ( Matbuat Nizamnamesi, 1864 ); among others.

In the 20th century, the ' New French School ' of paleographers, especially Jean Mallon, gave a new direction to the study of scripts by stressing the importance of ductus ( the shape and order of the strokes used to compose letters ) in studying the historical development of scripts.

One survey held in 2003 by the Kellogg School of Management and Sasin Institute showed that Thai cuisine ranked 4th when people were asked to name an ethnic cuisine, after Italian, French and Chinese cuisine.

* Free Culinary School Podcast Episode 11 A podcast episode that discusses how to make the classical French Mother Sauce version of " Sauce Tomat ," which modern versions of tomato sauce are derived from.

* Antoine Busnois ( – 1492 ), French composer and poet of the early Renaissance Burgundian School.

* École Centrale d ' Électronique, a French Graduate School of Engineering located in Paris

Adjutant M. Cléry was a French " master of arms " and instructor of fencing at the Cavalry School at Saumur.