At the age of 25, he was elected a member of the French Academy of Sciences, France's most elite scientific society, for an essay on street lighting and in recognition of his earlier research.

In 1728 he was elected into the French Academy of Sciences, and two years later into the Royal Society of London.

His forecast of the form of government suitable to the modern world may be seen as prophetic: the largely ceremonial offices of president in some modern parliamentary democracies in Europe and e. g. Israel can be perceived as elected or appointed versions of Hegel's constitutional monarch ; the Russian and French presidents, with their stronger powers, may also be regarded in Hegelian terms as wielding powers suitable to the embodiment of the national will.

When in 1981 François Mitterrand was elected president Denard lost the support of the French intelligence service, but he managed to strengthen the link between SA and the Comoros.

After Napoleon Bonaparte in November 1799 staged a coup against the Directory government, the French Republic adopted a constitution, which conferred executive powers upon three Consuls, elected for a period of ten years.

Couscous was elected as the third favorite dish of French people in 2011 in a study by TNS Sofres for magazine Vie Pratique Gourmand and the first in East of France.

* Associate member parties may include parties that do not have MEPs ( e. g., French Trotskyist parties which did not get elected in the 2004 European elections ), are from states that are not part of the European Union, or do not wish to be full members.

He was elected to the national legislative assembly after the French Revolution of 1848.

Napoleon III, nephew of Napoleon I, returned from exile in the United Kingdom in 1848 to be elected to the French parliament, and then as " Prince President " in a coup d ' état elected himself Emperor, a move approved later by a large majority of the French electorate.

The French National Convention, the first elected Assembly of the First Republic ( 1792 – 1804 ), on the 4th of February 1794, under the leadership of Maximilien Robespierre, abolished slavery by law in France and all its colonies.

On February 29, 2004, a coup d ' état ousted the popularly elected president, Jean-Bertrand Aristide, allegedly with the assistance of the French and United States governments ; U. S. and French soldiers were on the ground in Haiti at the time, recently arrived ( See controversy ).

Sometimes a head of state assumes office as a state becomes legal and political reality, before a formal title for the highest office is determined ; thus in the since 1 January 1960 independent republic Cameroon ( Cameroun, a former French colony ), the first President, Ahmadou Babatoura Ahidjo, was at first not styled président but ' merely ' known as Chef d ' état ( literal French for ' Head of State ') until 5 May 1960 ; in Uganda, military coup leader since 25 January 1971 Idi Amin was formally styled military head of State till 21 February 1971, only from then on regular ( but unconstitutional, not elected ) President.

On becoming king, Louis issued a constitution known as the Charter which preserved many of the liberties won during the French Revolution and provided for a parliament composed of an elected Chamber of Deputies and a Chamber of Peers that was nominated by the king.

A new French National Assembly was elected to consider the German terms for peace.

General de Gaulle was elected president in 1958 and made the French Force de Frappe, the nuclear power, a priority of the French Defence.

* 1956 – The French National Assembly takes the first step in creating the French Community by passing the Loi Cadre, transferring a number of powers from Paris to elected territorial governments in French West Africa.

By then, many of the French refugees had been granted citizenship and with their support, Calvin's partisans elected the majority of the syndics and the councillors.

In the contest between Odo, Count of Paris, and Charles the Simple for the French crown, the Pope sided with Charles.

The tale was quite common during the medieval era, appearing in Barlaam and Josaphat ( written in the 8th century ), an exemplum of Jacques de Vitry ( 13th century ) and Cento Novelle Antiche ( also 13th century ), The Seven Wise Masters, and Italian collection of fables called Fiori di Virtu ( 14th century ), Odo of Shirton's " De heremita iuvene " ( 12th century ), and a French fabliau ( 13th century ).

Henry led the main thrust through the county of Évreux, while the other wing, under the French king's brother Odo, invaded eastern Normandy.

The Frankish realm had begun to progress towards becoming the first real imperial power in Western Europe since the fall of Rome ; however, it continued to struggle against external forces such as the Saxons, Frisians, and internal opponents such as Odo the Great ( Old French: Eudes ), the Duke of Aquitaine.

In exchange for marrying Philip's daughter, Odo IV abandoned his niece's cause, not only her claim to the French throne but also her claim to Navarre's.

For many years it was thought that she had some involvement in the creation of the Bayeux Tapestry ( commonly called La Tapisserie de la Reine Mathilde in French ), but historians no longer believe that ; it seems to have been commissioned by William's half-brother Odo, Bishop of Bayeux, and made by English artists in Kent ..

Odo was closely related to the French royal family, the Capetians.

Odo was a loyal vassal of his brother-in-law, Philip of Valois, after he succeeded to the French throne as Philip VI.

Odo of Rennes ( Breton: Eozen Penteur, French: Eudes / Éon de Penthièvre ) ( 999 – 1079 ), Count of Penthièvre, was the youngest son of Duke Geoffrey I of Brittany and Hawise of Normandy, daughter of Richard I of Normandy.

Saint Odo of Cluny ( French: Odon ) ( c. 878 – 18 November 942 ) was the second abbot of Cluny.

Six years ago French Indochina, though in troubie, was in the Western camp.

French, with its silent letters and its heavy use of nasal vowels and elision, may seem to lack much correspondence between spelling and pronunciation, but its rules on pronunciation, though complex, are actually consistent and predictable with a fair degree of accuracy.

According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the word baroque is derived from the Portuguese word " barroco ", Spanish " barroco ", or French " baroque ", all of which refer to a " rough or imperfect pearl ", though whether it entered those languages via Latin, Arabic, or some other source is uncertain.

Hume reinforced his crew with musket-armed soldiers and joined up with HMS Seaford to track the two ships, to no avail, though they discerned that the two ships had sunk a French vessel off St Christopher Island, and reported also that they had last been seen " gone down the North side of Hispaniola ".

The Toubon Law states that French is the language of public education, which means that Breton-language schools do not receive funding from the national government, though the Brittany Region may fund them.

The Free French, under General Charles de Gaulle, were determined to recover Indochina, though they offered Cambodia and the other Inchochinese protectorates a carefully circumscribed measure of self-government.

Conversely in francophone Canada, one hundredth of a Canadian dollar is informally called a sou ( penny ), though cent is official in both English and French.

English is now the primary spoken language, though Mi ' kmaq, Gaelic and French are still heard.

Surprisingly, considering the later French distaste for castrati they certainly existed in France at this time also, being known of in Paris, Orléans, Picardy and Normandy, though they were not abundant: the King of France himself had difficulty in obtaining them.

Non-English names include Treno suburbano in Italian, Cercanías in Spanish, Rodalies in Catalan, Nahverkehrszug in German ( and in most larger cities S-Bahns though these trains also often include city centre metro-like sections where lines have merged and services become more frequent, and stations are closer together to better distribute passengers into the city core ), Train de banlieue in French, Příměstský vlak in Czech and Elektrichka in Russian.

In his work, Meinhof looked at noun classes with all Bantu languages having at least 10 classes and with 22 classes of nouns existing throughout the Bantu languages, though his definition of noun class differs slightly from the accepted one, considering the plural form of a word as belonging to a different class from the singular form ( thus leading, for example, to consider a language like French as having four classes instead of two ).

* The name of the letter Z is normally the Anglo-European ( and French ) zed ; the American zee is less common in Canada, and it is often stigmatized, though the latter is not uncommon, especially in younger speakers.

Later on, during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, this French revolutionary principle – though not of course its specific way to identify the “ general will ” – percolated into first Socialist and then Fascist political thinking.

" She attended the Misses Lyman School and was just an average student, though she did well in French and Natural History.

In 1651, John French published The Art of Distillation the first major English compendium of practice, though it has been claimed that much of it derives from Braunschweig's work.

Its title track, though only reaching number 24 in the UK singles chart, gained lasting popularity, and within months had been released in both German and French.

Even though the French and Indian War continued over the next several years, Allen did not apparently participate in any further military activities, and is presumed to have tended his farm, at least until 1762.

Elizabeth was persuaded to send a force into Scotland to aid the Protestant rebels, and though the campaign was inept, the resulting Treaty of Edinburgh of July 1560 removed the French threat in the north.

However with the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1814 the region was handed back to the French, though a Portuguese presence remained until 1817.

By 1910, the French film companies were starting to make films as long as two, or even three reels, though most were still one reel long.

By 1918, two French mathematicians, Pierre Fatou and Gaston Julia, though working independently, arrived essentially simultaneously at results describing what are now seen as fractal behaviour associated with mapping complex numbers and iterative functions and leading to further ideas about attractors and repellors ( i. e., points that attract or repel other points ), which have become very important in the study of fractals ( see Figure 3 and Figure 4 ).

Mistelle (; ; Spanish, Portuguese, Galician and, from Latin / " mix ") is sometimes used as an ingredient in fortified wines, particularly Vermouth, Marsala and Sherry, though it is used mainly as a base for apéritifs such as the French Pineau des Charentes.

The Congress was a personal triumph for Francis, where he hosted the assorted dignitaries in comfort, though Francis undermined his allies Tsar Alexander and Frederick William III of Prussia by negotiating a secret treaty with the restored French king Louis XVIII.

: The mock epic ( A. J. Liebling, Calvin Trillin, the French writer Robert Courtine, and any good restaurant critic ) is essentially comic and treats the small ambitions of the greedy eater as though they were big and noble, spoofing the idea of the heroic while raising the minor subject to at least temporary greatness.

The bullpup design, by mounting the magazine behind the trigger, unifies the accuracy and firepower of the traditional assault rifle with the compact size of the submachine gun ( though submachine guns are still used ); examples are the French FAMAS or the British SA80.