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The German Autumn () was a set of events in late 1977, associated with the kidnapping and murder of industrialist Hanns-Martin Schleyer, President of the Confederation of German Employers ' Associations ( BDA ) and the Federation of German Industries ( BDI ), by the Red Army Faction ( RAF ), and the hijacking of the Lufthansa airplane " Landshut " by the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine ( PFLP ).
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German and Autumn
Finnish nationalists leaning on Germanism had been seeking German aid in freeing Finland from Russian hegemony since Autumn 1917, but the Germans did not want to prejudice their armistice and peace negotiations with Russia because of the pressure they were facing at the Western front.
* 1977 – German Autumn: Four days after it is hijacked, Lufthansa Flight 181 lands in Mogadishu, Somalia, where a team of German GSG 9 commandos later rescues all remaining hostages on board.
The Red Army Faction existed from 1970 to 1998, committing numerous operations, especially in late 1977, which led to a national crisis that became known as " German Autumn ".
The events in the autumn of 1977, possibly the biggest criminal and political showdown that Germany has experienced since the end of World War II, are frequently referred to as Der Deutsche Herbst (" German Autumn ").
** German Autumn: Employers Association President Hanns-Martin Schleyer is kidnapped in Cologne, West Germany.
* October 13 – German Autumn: Four Palestinians hijack a Lufthansa Airlines flight to Somalia and demand the release of 11 Red Army Faction members ( see Lufthansa Flight 181 ).
* October 17 – 18 – German Autumn: GSG 9 troopers storm a hijacked Lufthansa passenger plane in Mogadishu, Somalia ; 3 of the 4 hijackers die.
** German Autumn: Red Army Faction members Andreas Baader, Jan-Carl Raspe and Gudrun Ensslin commit suicide in Stammheim prison ; Irmgard Möller fails ( their supporters still claim they were murdered ).
* October 19 – German Autumn: Kidnapped industrialist Hanns-Martin Schleyer is found murdered in Mulhouse, France.
He authorized the GSG 9 anti-terrorist unit to end the Palestinian terrorist hijacking of the Lufthansa aircraft Landshut, undertaken to secure the release of RAF leaders imprisoned in Stuttgart, after it landed in Mogadishu by assaulting the aircraft during the German Autumn of 1977.
* Hansen, Kenneth " Raeder versus Wegener Conflict in German Strategy " pages 81 – 108 from U. S. Naval War College Review, Volume 58, Issue # 4, Autumn 2005.
Having grown up as the child of working class Spanish immigrants in the Ruhr Valley, and coming of age in the politically polarized era of the German Autumn ( his response the left wing extremist terrorism of that time being thematized in the 2003 song " Kinderzimmer ( Heldenlied )" Bedroom ( Hero Song )", he was blunt and unromantically detached about social reality in West Germany, and unapologetic about the provocative potential of his songs.
Germany in Autumn ( 1978 ), made by Fassbinder and other directors of the New German Cinema, also discussed the contemporary situation.
Germany in Autumn ( Deutschland im Herbst ) is an omnibus film, a collective work of eight German filmmaker including Fassbinder, Alf Brustellin, Volker Schlöndorff, Bernhard Sinkel and Alexander Kluge, the main organizer behind the project.
After 1933, the rallies were held near the time of the Autumn equinox under the label of " Reichsparteitage des deutschen Volkes " (" National Congress of the Party of the German People "), which was meant to symbolize the solidarity between the German people and the Nazi Party.
The " Battle of Britain " in the Autumn of 1940 involved German plans for an invasion called Operation Sea Lion.
His performances included: The Pursuit of Happiness ( touring with it across the U. S. and England ), Candle in the Wind by Maxwell Anderson with Helen Hayes ( where he played his first German Nazi officer role, a type of character he came to specialize in ), The Laughing Woman with Helen Menken, Autumn Crocus, Seeds in the Wind, Liliom by Ferenc Molnár ( in which Selwart played the title role ), and The Hidden River in 1957, among many others.
Due to his battle with the Swedish tax authorities at the time, Ingmar Bergman produced Autumn Sonata through his West German company, Personafilm GmbH, with main financing from Lew Grade's British ITC Film, and shot the film in an old film studio outside Oslo in Norway.
Schlöndorff then contributed to the omnibus film Germany in Autumn, in which nine German filmmakers ( including Rainer Werner Fassbinder, Alexander Kluge, Edgar Reitz and author Heinrich Böll ) made short films depicting the hysteria and political chaos in west Germany the German Autumn of 1977.
His first great success was Tatárjárás-Ein Herbstmanöver in German, meaning ' Autumn Maneuver ', although the English title is The Gay Hussars, which was first staged at the Lustspieltheater in Budapest, on 22 February 1908.
German and ()
All Quiet on the Western Front () is a novel by Erich Maria Remarque, a German veteran of World War I.
Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny () is a political-satirical opera composed by Kurt Weill to a German libretto by Bertolt Brecht.
The name " alkaloids " () was introduced in 1819 by the German chemist Carl F. W.
() is a town in the German state of Baden-Württemberg, about east of Stuttgart and north of Ulm.
The House of Ascania () was a dynasty of German rulers.
Most of the population () speaks German ( 84. 5 %), with Italian being second most common ( 3. 3 %) and Serbo-Croatian being third ( 2. 9 %).
Most of the population () speaks German ( 477, 093 or 87. 1 %) as their first language, Italian is the second most common ( 17, 847 or 3. 3 %) and Serbo-Croatian is the third ( 10, 645 or 1. 9 %).
Most of the population () speaks German ( 129, 592 or 77. 8 %), with Italian being second most common ( 9, 049 or 5. 4 %) and French being third ( 4, 280 or 2. 6 %).
The term " ecology " () is of a more recent origin and was first coined by the German biologist Ernst Haeckel in his book Generelle Morphologie der Organismen ( 1866 ).
Freikorps () are German volunteer military or paramilitary units.
The Day of German Unity () is the national day of Germany, celebrated on 3 October as a public holiday.
Alliance ' 90 / The Greens () is a green political party in Germany, formed from the merger of the German Green Party ( founded in West Germany in 1980 ) and Alliance 90 ( founded during the Revolution of 1989 – 1990 in East Germany ) in 1993.
Most Wurst is still made by German sausage butchers () with natural casings derived from pork, sheep or lamb intestine.
The German Empire () is the common name given to the state officially named the ( literally: " German Realm "), designating Germany from the unification of Germany and proclamation of Wilhelm I as German Emperor on 18 January 1871, to 1918, when it became a federal republic after defeat in World War I and the abdication of the Emperor, Wilhelm II.
The Marine () is the navy of Germany and is part of the unified Bundeswehr ( the German Armed Forces ).
The German Confederation () was the loose association of 39 states created in 1815 to coordinate the economies of separate German-speaking countries.
The German Confederation () was founded, a loose union of 39 states ( 35 ruling princes and 4 free cities ) under Austrian leadership, with a Federal Diet () meeting in Frankfurt am Main.
The monastic state of the Teutonic Order () and its later German successor states of Prussia however never were part of the Holy Roman Empire.
The Charter of the German Expellees () of August 5, 1950, announced their belief in requiring that " the right to the homeland is recognized and carried out as one of the fundamental rights of mankind given by God ", while renouncing revenge and retaliation in the face of the " unending suffering " ( unendliche Leid ) of the previous decade, and supporting the unified effort to rebuild Germany and Europe.
Hedwig () is a German female given name.
Heckler & Koch GmbH ( HK ) () is a German defense manufacturing company that produces various small arms.
Karl Bernhardovic Radek () ( 31 October 1885 – 19 May 1939 ) was a socialist active in the Polish and German movements before World War I and an international Communist leader after the Russian Revolution.
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