The Oberkommando der Wehrmacht ( OKW ), the overall command for all German military forces, ordered reductions in raw and steel materials for armament production.

At the same time, throughout early 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union had discussed a possibility of an economic deal involving industrial equipment and armament for the USSR in exchange for raw materials needed for German war production.

A major strategical defeat in the Battle of Moscow forced Albert Speer, who was appointed as Germany's armament minister in early 1942, to nationalize German war production and eliminate the worst inefficiencies.

It is unclear how much armament was actually produced there ; Schindler and some of the workers claimed in the immediate post-war years that there had been no production that would have been useful to the German war effort, and even that some or all of the output had been deliberately faulty product.

Fitted with a developed version of this gear, the M. 5 became the Fokker Eindecker which, due to its revolutionary armament, became one of the most feared aircraft over the western front, its introduction leading to a period of German air superiority known as the Fokker Scourge until the balance was restored by aircraft such as the Nieuport 11 and Airco DH. 2.

The raid caused alarm among the Boers and resulted in massive armament, mainly from German suppliers.

Their task is to steal a weapons shipment from a U. S. Army train so that Mapache can resupply his troops – and appease Mohr ( Fernando Wagner ), his German military adviser, who wishes to obtain samples of America's armament.

Highly advanced and precise methods of differentially hardening the projectile were developed during this period, especially by the German armament industry.

In the Second World War, Erith found itself in the thick of the conflict, being directly on the German bombing routes from Europe to London, and also because of the nearby armament factories.

form of armament in the Federal Republic would diminish the chances of German re-unification and increase the risk of war.

The first purpose-designed fighter aircraft included the British Vickers F. B. 5-machine gun armament was also fitted to several French types, such as the Morane-Saulnier L and N. Initially the German Air Service lagged behind the Allies in this respect with no purpose built fighting aircraft.

The final version of the Fokker Eindecker, the Fokker E. IV, came with two Spandau machine guns and this became the standard armament for all the German D-type scouts starting with the Albatros D. I.

By World War I, British light cruisers often had either two 6 inch ( 152 mm ) and perhaps eight 4 inch ( 100 mm ) guns, or a uniform armament of 6 inch ( 152 mm ) guns on a ship of around 5, 000 tons, while German cruisers progressed during the war from 4. 1 inch ( 105 mm ) to 5. 9 inch ( 150 mm ) guns.

After testing with both 100 mm and 122 mm guns, the D-25T 122 mm gun was selected as the main armament of the new tank, primarily because of its ready availability and the effect of its large high-explosive shell when attacking German fortifications.

* The Hindenburg Program, a German armament program during World War I

Most German tanks used during World War II used the MG 34 Panzerlauf for secondary armament.

The method of barrel change made the MG 42 unsuitable for secondary or co-axial armament on World War II era German tanks with the exception of the Jagdpanzer IV.

Galland also adopted the Italian suggestion of heavy armament and criticised the light machine guns in early German fighter aircraft and pointed to the advantages of multi-gun configurations ( combining machine guns with cannon ).

The German Panzer II light tank, which was one of the most numerous tanks in German service during the invasion of Poland and the campaign in France, used a 20 mm autocannon as its main armament.

This means completely disarming the German Army and people ( including the removal or destruction of all war material ), the total destruction of the whole German armament industry, and the removal or destruction of other key industries which are basic to military strength.

However, due to their thin armor and underpowered armament they proved to be completely outclassed by the tanks and self-propelled guns deployed by German forces, such as the Panzer IV and the Sturmgeschütz III.

Three more gliders came under heavy German anti-aircraft fire and crashed as they landed ; one tank survived with a damaged machine gun, another crashed through a house which put its wireless radio set and main armament out of action, and the third broke loose of the glider as it landed and was flipped over onto its turret, rendering it useless.

The town of Abensberg marks the start of the Deutsche Hopfenstraße ( German Hops Road ), a nickname given to the Bundesstraße 301, a German federal highway which runs through the heartland of Germany's hops-growing industry, ending in Freising.

The German Clock Museum in Furtwangen shows the history of the clock industry and of watchmakers.

In British, Australian and New Zealand English, along with Dutch and Austrian German, a utility knife frequently used in the construction industry is known as a Stanley knife.

After the war, Albert Speer pointed out that the German economy achieved greater armaments output, not because of diversions of capacity from civilian to military industry, but through streamlining of the economy.

It happened because the German aircraft industry lacked the experience to build a long-range bomber fleet quickly, and because Hitler was insistent on the very rapid creation of a numerically large force.

In addition, the Occupation Statute of 1949, which granted partial independence to the newly created Federal Republic of Germany, specifically forbade the imposition of import quotas to protect German film production from foreign competition, the result of lobbying by the American industry as represented by the MPAA.

American films took up around 30 percent of the market despite having around twice as many films in distribution as the German industry in the same time frame ( Schneider 1990: 35, 42 & 44 ).

The international significance of the West German film industry of the 1950s could no longer measure up to that of France, Italy, or Japan.

Consequently, the German film industry cut back on production.

Other up-and-coming filmmakers allied themselves to this Oberhausen group, among them Rainer Werner Fassbinder, Volker Schlöndorff, Werner Herzog, Jean-Marie Straub, Wim Wenders, Werner Schroeter and Hans-Jürgen Syberberg in their rejection of the existing German film industry and their determination to build a new industry founded on artistic excellence rather than commercial dictates.

Despite the foundation of the Kuratorium Junger Deutscher Film ( Young German Film Committee ) in 1965, set up under the auspices of the Federal Ministry of the Interior to support new German films financially, the directors of this New German Cinema, who rejected co-operation with the existing film industry, were consequently often dependent on money from television.

Having achieved some of its goals, among them the establishment of state funding for the film industry and renewed international recognition for German films, the New German Cinema had begun to show signs of fatigue by the 1980s, even though many of its proponents continued to enjoy individual success.

The new decade has also seen a resurgence of the German film industry, with bigger-budget films and good returns at the German box office.

German film industry has primarily been economically involved in Swedish films, but does not put itself in the artistic product.

The German film industry was seriously weakened by the war, though with the major companies continuing as before.

Nazi Germany similarly pursued an economic agenda with the aims of autarky and rearmament and imposed protectionist policies, including forcing the German steel industry to use lower-quality German iron ore rather than superior-quality imported iron.

Controlling the Finnish area would allow the German army to enter Russia at Petrograd and to penetrate northeast, towards the Kola Peninsula, an area rich with raw materials for the mining industry.

A second German edition was published in 1913, containing theologically significant revisions and expansions: but this revised edition did not appear in English until 2001.

Some of the ideas of the Italian Renaissance did spread to other parts of Europe, for example to the German artist Albrecht Dürer of the ' Northern Renaissance '.

He did not pursue the retreating remnants, leaving what was left of the German army and their dependents intact on the other side of the Rhine.

As the German princes were experiencing the tumult of the Reformation, the German Peasants ' War, and the wars against the Ottoman Turks, they did not enforce the ban on the duke, and agitation against him soon died away.

The projected union initially aroused great opposition: he did not consult with his father, who had been on vacation in Karlovy Vary and making arrangements to secure the hand of a German princess for his son, or his Prime Minister Dr. Vladan Đorđević, who was visiting the Paris Universal Exhibition at the time of the announcement.

" It is highly probable that the correct information about the sulphonamide did not reach the newspapers because, since the original sulphonamide antibacterial, Prontosil, had been a discovery by the German laboratory Bayer, and as Britain was at war with Germany at the time, it was thought better to raise British morale by associating Churchill's cure with the British discovery, penicillin.

This provision has been dormant since Queen Victoria ascended the throne, because she did not inherit Hanover under the Salic Laws of the German states, but in principle it could again become relevant in the future.

Even though Bulgaria did not send any troops to support the German invasion of the Soviet Union, the Navy was involved in a number of skirmishes with the Soviet Black Sea Fleet, which attacked Bulgarian shipping.

" They are present in a few historic Protestant versions: the German Luther Bible included such books, as did the English 1611 King James Version.

He ordered immediate reinforcement of the vital heights of Alam Halfa, just behind his own lines, expecting the German commander, Erwin Rommel, to attack with the heights as his objective, something that Rommel soon did.

Despite popular opinion the substitution did not change the game as Franz Beckenbauer had scored before Charlton left the field, hence Charlton had failed to cancel out the German.

She did not believe in the theory of symbiosis proposed by Simon Schwendener, the German mycologist as previously thought, rather she proposed a more independent process of reproduction.

Scholars of ballads are often divided into two camps, the ‘ communalists ’ who, following the line established by the German scholar Johann Gottfried Herder ( 1744 – 1803 ) and the Brothers Grimm, argue that ballads arose by a combined communal effort and did not have a single author, and ‘ individualists ’, following the thinking of English collector Cecil Sharp, who assert that there was a single original author.

On the Eastern Front of World War I, where combat did not bog down into trench warfare, German and Russian armies fought a war of maneuver over thousands of miles, giving the German leadership unique experience which the trench-bound Western Allies did not have.

The Luftwaffe did end up with an air force consisting mainly of relatively short-range aircraft, but this does not prove that the German air force was solely interested in ’ tactical ’ bombing.

The stab-in-the-back myth ( German: )< ref > Despite the similarity of the German word Legende and the English word " legend ", " stab-in-the-back < u > myth </ u >" is the preferred term in English .</ ref > is the notion, widely believed in right-wing circles in Germany after 1918, that the German Army did not lose World War I but was instead betrayed by the civilians on the home front, especially the republicans who overthrew the monarchy.

German scholar Boris Barth, in contrast to Steigmann-Gall, implies that Doehring did not actually use the term, but spoke only of ' betrayal '.

While almost an anachronism after the early stages of that war, German dragoons did see continuing service on the Eastern Front until 1917.