The Mughal Emperor Farrukhsiyar a grandson of Aurangzeb, is also known to have sent a letter to the Ottomans bu this time it was received by the Grand Vizier Nevşehirli Damad Ibrahim Pasha providing a graphic description of the informing him of the efforts of the Mughal commander Syed Hassan Ali Khan Barha against the Rajput and Maratha rebellion.

The Grand Vizier, Suluieman Pasha, was executed and Sultan Mehmed IV, deposed.

For the loss of some 2, 000 dead and wounded, Eugene inflicted approximately 25, 000 casualties on his enemy – including the Grand Vizier, Elmas Mehmed Pasha – annihilating the Turkish army.

The discontent grew to open rebellion, fed by both Ottoman and British money and support: Bashir II fled, the Ottoman empire reasserted control and Mehmed Hüsrev Pasha, whose sole term as Grand Vizier ran from 1839 to 1841, appointed another member of the Shihab family, who styled himself Bashir III.

Gaining widespread recognition, he was appointed court physician to the Grand Vizier Al Qadi al Fadil, then to Sultan Saladin, after whose death he remained a physician to the royal family.

The power had only been maintained under Selim II by the genius of the all-powerful Grand Vizier Mehmed Sokollu who remained in office until his assassination in October 1579.

The Empire fell into anarchy ; the Safavid Empire invaded Iraq almost immediately, Northern Anatolia erupted in revolts, and in 1631 the Janissaries stormed the palace and killed the Grand Vizier, among others.

A highly ambitious plan to counter this conceived by Sokollu Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier under Selim II, in the shape of a Don-Volga canal ( begun June 1569 ), combined with an attack on Astrakhan, failed, the canal being abandoned with the onset of winter.

In discussions with a Venetian minister, the Ottoman Grand Vizier commented: " In capturing Cyprus from you, we have cut off one of your arms ; in defeating our fleet you have merely shaved off our beard ".

This continued under his son and successor Köprülü Fazıl Ahmed ( Grand Vizier 1661 – 1676 ).

This period of renewed assertiveness came to a calamitous end when Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa Pasha in May 1683 led a huge army to attempt a second Ottoman siege of Vienna in the Great Turkish War of 1683 – 1687.

In 1726, Ibrahim Muteferrika convinced the Grand Vizier Nevşehirli Damat İbrahim Pasha, the Grand Mufti, and the clergy on the efficiency of the printing press, and later submitted a request to Sultan Ahmed III, who granted Muteferrika the permission to publish non-religious books ( despite opposition from some calligraphers and religious leaders.

* 1516 – Battle of Yaunis Khan: Turkish forces under the Grand Vizier Sinan Pasha defeat the Mameluks near Gaza.

The recruits were trained according to their individual abilities, and employed in posts ranging from professional soldier to Grand Vizier.

In 1524 he captained the ship that took the Ottoman Grand Vizier Pargalı İbrahim Pasha to Egypt.

As a result, in 1533, Suleiman ordered his Grand Vizier Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha to lead an army into Asia where he retook Bitlis and occupied Tabriz without resistance.

The Ottoman Empire | Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent, awaits the arrival of his Grand Vizier Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha at Buda, in the year 1529.

Ibrahim Pasha rose to Grand Vizier in 1523 and commander-in-chief of all the armies.

During his thirteen years as Grand Vizier, his rapid rise to power and vast accumulation of wealth had made Ibrahim many enemies among the Sultan's court.

Yet Mustafa was recognised as the most talented of all the brothers and was supported by Pargalı İbrahim Pasha, who was by this time Suleiman's Grand Vizier.

His Grand Vizier, Mehmed Sokollu, a Serbian devsirme from what is now Bosnia and Herzegovina, controlled much of state affairs, and two years after Selim's accession succeeded in concluding at Constantinople an honourable treaty ( 17 February 1568 ) with the Habsburg Holy Roman Emperor, Maximilian II, whereby the Emperor agreed to pay an annual " present " of 30, 000 ducats and essentially granted the Ottomans authority in Moldavia and Walachia.

* Wasir or Grand Vizier

his Grand Vizier when taking the field ).

The alliance fought the army of the Ottoman Empire and those of Ottoman fiefdoms commanded by Grand Vizier Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha.

In 1681 and 1682, clashes between the forces of Imre Thököly and the Holy Roman Empire ( of which the border was then northern Hungary ) intensified, and the incursions of Habsburg forces into Central Hungary provided the crucial argument of Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa Pasha in convincing the Sultan, Mehmet IV and his Divan, to allow the movement of the Ottoman Army.

The first of these Ottoman Viziers who was titled " Grand Vizier " was Çandarlı Kara Halil Hayreddin Pasha.

In 1554, Sinan used the form of the Sinan Pasha mosque again for the construction of the mosque for the next Grand Vizier Kara Ahmet Pasha in Constantinople, his first hexagonal mosque.

The family provided six Grand Viziers, ( including Kara Mustafa Pasha who was a stepson ) with several others becoming high-ranking officers.

80, 000 men ) of the Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa besieged Chyhyryn once again.

The previous Kapudan Pasha, Kara Murad, had been promoted to Grand Vizier and his replacement, Mustapha, had 36 sailing ships, 8 galleasses and 60 galleys, as well as perhaps several galleys from outside the Dardanelles.

* 1676: Death of the Grand Vizier of Ottomans Ahmad Kuiprilli, appointment of Kara Mustafa.

Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa is executed for the failure of the expedition.

Decisive victory of the army of the Holy League, under King John III Sobieski of Poland, over the Ottoman Turks, under Grand Vizier Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha.

It also put an end to the period of Ottoman revival under the Koprulu Grand Vizirs and their protégé and successor, Kara Mustapha, who was in command of the Ottoman army at Vienna.

A new government, the Turkish Grand National Assembly, under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal ( Atatürk ) was formed on 23 April 1920, in Ankara ( then known as Angora ).

( left to right ) George Carey, Archbishop of Canterbury ( 1991 – 2002 ), Jonathan Sacks, Chief Rabbi ( UK ), Mustafa Ceric, Grand Mufti of Bosnia, Jim Wallis, Sojourners, USA.

After distinguishing himself, Mustafa became a vizier in his own right and, by 1663 or 1666, Kapudan Pasha ( Grand Admiral of the Ottoman Navy ).

Unable to rule effectively himself, Suleiman II shrewdly appointed Köprülü Fazıl Mustafa Pasha as his Grand Vizier.

* Bekri Mustafa Pasha, Ottoman Grand Vizier ( 1688 – 1698 )

Bosnia's Grand Mufti Mustafa Ceric, European Council President Herman Van Rompuy, WJC Vice-President Rabbi Marc Schneier, and British Imam Abdujalil Sajid in Brussels, December 2010The World Jewish Congress considers dialogue with representatives of moderate Islam as “ one of the most important and challenging issues at this time.

Grand Vizier Sokollu Mehmed Paşa ordered his nephew, Sokollu Mustafa Beg of Bosnia, to advance against Maximilian.

* Bozoklu Mustafa Pasha ( 1693 – 1694 ), Ottoman Grand Vizier

The proclamation was issued at the behest of reformist Grand Vizier Mustafa Reshid Pasha.

* Mustafa Naili Pasha, 19th-century Ottoman Grand Vizier

Grand Vizier Köprülü Fazıl Mustafa Pasha was killed during the Battle of Slankamen in the year 1691.

Hardly able to take control of events himself after the Austrian victory at The second Battle of Mohács, Sultan Suleiman II nevertheless made crucial choice by appointing Köprülü Fazıl Mustafa Pasha as his Grand Vizier.

Many German troops were withdrawn from the east to fight King Louis ' French forces on the Rhine, encouraging the Ottomans, led by the Grand Vizier Köprülü Fazıl Mustafa Pasha, to continue the war.

Amongst the Ottoman forces killed in battle was the Grand Vizier Köprülü Fazıl Mustafa Pasha.

* Turkey: Mustafa Cagrici, Grand Mufti of Istanbul

Nutuk ( Modern Turkish: Söylev ) was a speech delivered by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk from 15 to 20 October 1927, addressed to the Grand National Assembly of Turkey.