The-Greek-alphabet-evolved-into-the-modern-western

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Greek and alphabet

The first " true alphabet " in this sense is believed to be the Greek alphabet, which is a modified form of the Phoenician alphabet.

There are dozens of alphabets in use today, the most common being the Latin alphabet ( which was derived from the Greek ).

The English word alphabet came into Middle English from the Late Latin word alphabetum, which in turn originated in the Greek ἀλφάβητος ( alphabētos ), from alpha and beta, the first two letters of the Greek alphabet.

In its early years, there were many variants of the Greek alphabet, a situation which caused many different alphabets to evolve from it.

The Greek alphabet, in its Euboean form, was carried over by Greek colonists to the Italian peninsula, where it gave rise to a variety of alphabets used to write the Italic languages.

The Glagolitic alphabet was the initial script of the liturgical language Old Church Slavonic and became, together with the Greek uncial script, the basis of the Cyrillic script.

They feature many letters that appear to have been borrowed from or influenced by the Greek alphabet and the Hebrew alphabet.

Alphabets: Armenian alphabet | Armenian , Cyrillic | Cyrillic , Georgian alphabet | Georgian , Greek alphabet | Greek , Latin script | Latin , Latin ( and Arabic script | Arabic ) , Latin and Cyrillic Abjads: Arabic script | Arabic , Hebrew alphabet | Hebrew Abugidas: Indic scripts | North Indic , Indic scripts | South Indic , Ge ' ez script | Ge ' ez , Tāna , Canadian Aboriginal syllabics | Canadian Syllabic and Latin Logographic + syllabic: Pure logographic , Mixed logographic and syllabaries , Featural-alphabetic syllabary + limited logographic , Featural-alphabetic syllabary

The earliest known alphabet in the wider sense is the Wadi el-Hol script, believed to be an abjad, which through its successor Phoenician is the ancestor of modern alphabets, including Arabic, Greek, Latin ( via the Old Italic alphabet ), Cyrillic ( via the Greek alphabet ) and Hebrew ( via Aramaic ).

Greek and evolved

In turn, the classical languages continued, Latin evolved into the Romance languages and Ancient Greek into Modern Greek and its dialects.

The four species include the leopard snake ( locally known as Ochendra ), the Balkan whip snake ( locally called Dendrogallia ), the dice snake ( called Nerofido in Greek ), and the only venomous snake is the nocturnal cat snake which has evolved to deliver its venom in to geckos and small lizards and is not dangerous to humans.

Greece has an ancient culinary tradition dating back several millennia, and over the centuries Greek cuisine has evolved and absorbed numerous influences and influenced many cuisines itself.

The image of Hermes evolved and varied according to Greek art and culture.

The classical Latin alphabet or Roman alphabet evolved from a western variety of the Greek alphabet called the Cumaean alphabet, which was adopted and modified by the Etruscans who ruled early Rome.

In Greek and Roman religion, instead, the homonymous gods * Diou-and Δι ( digamma )- evolved into atmospheric deities ; by their mastery of thunder and lightning, they expressed themselves and made their will known to the community.

Elysium or the Elysian Fields (, Ēlýsion pedíon ) is a conception of the afterlife that evolved over time and was maintained by certain Greek religious and philosophical sects, and cults.

The Egyptian pronunciation of is not fully known, but may be reconstructed as *, based on the Ancient Greek borrowing Thōth or Theut and the fact that it evolved into Sahidic Coptic variously as Thoout, Thōth, Thoot, Thaut as well as Bohairic Coptic Thōout.

One of these local Greek alphabets evolved into the standard Greek alphabet, and another into the Latin alphabet, which accounts for many of the differences between the two.

If this title had survived the fall of LMIII Crete, then it could have evolved into * Terasias in Doric Greek and, possibly, * Teresias in Ionic.

Later on when the deity had evolved into the Greek Charon, or Caronte in Italian, Terpening notes that Charun's hammer or mallet is sometimes replaced with an oar, although it does not fit with his duties.

Roman dragons evolved from serpentine Greek ones, combined with the dragons of the Near East, in the mix that characterized the hybrid Greek / Eastern Hellenistic culture.

This generation evolved in circumstances leading to the Greek debt crisis and participated in the 2010 – 2011 Greek protests.

Palladian design was popular, and Robert designed a number of country houses in this style, but Robert evolved a new, more flexible style incorporating elements of classical Roman design alongside influences from Greek, Byzantine and Baroque styles.

After the Roman capital moved to Constantinople, Greek began to replace Latin as the Lingua Franca in the empire ( eventually becoming official in 620 ), but Illyrian towns continued to speak Latin ( see Illyro-Roman ), which evolved over time into regional dialects and eventually into distinct Romance languages.

The antihero has evolved over time, changing as society's conceptions of the hero changed, from the Elizabethan times of Faust and William Shakespeare's Falstaff, to the darker-themed Victorian literature of the 19th century, such as John Gay's The Beggar's Opera, written in the mid-18th century, or as a timid, passive, indecisive man that contrasts sharply with other Greek heroes to Philip Meadows Taylor's Confessions of a Thug.

The Pacific Ocean evolved from Panthalassa after the break-up of the supercontinent of Pangaea, which in Greek means, " all the earth.

Present day collections evolved from the later Greek version of Babrius, of which we have an incomplete manuscript of some 160 fables in choliambic verse.

It is undeniably of composite origin, drawing on the artistic and technical productions of the classical Greek age, on Jewish music, and inspired by the monophonic vocal music that evolved in the early ( Greek ) Christian cities of Alexandria, Antioch and Ephesus ( see also Early Christian music ).

Greek and into

The shadows cast by the personages of Greek and Shakespearean drama lengthen into a greater darkness.

From this action sprang the idea of somehow uniting Greek and Shakespearean drama into a new total form, capable of restoring to life the ancient moral and poetic responses.

They answered him in monosyllables, nods, occasionally muttering in Greek to one another, awaiting the word from Papa, who restlessly cracked his knuckles, anxious to stuff himself into his white Cadillac and burst off to the freeway.

It was not even in writing Latin epigrams, sometimes bawdy ones, or in translating Lucian from Greek into Latin or in defending the study of Greek against the attack of conservative academics, or in attacking the conservative theologians who opposed Erasmus's philological study of the New Testament.

Most of the still extant works of Aristotle, as well as a number of the original Greek commentaries, were translated into Arabic and studied by Muslim philosophers, scientists and scholars.

After Thomas Aquinas wrote his theology, working from Moerbeke's translations, the demand for Aristotle's writings grew and the Greek manuscripts returned to the West, stimulating a revival of Aristotelianism in Europe that continued into the Renaissance.

Apollo shot arrows infected with the plague into the Greek encampment during the Trojan War in retribution for Agamemnon's insult to Chryses, a priest of Apollo whose daughter Chryseis had been captured.

Greek art puts into Apollo the highest degree of power and beauty that can be imagined.

Ancient Anatolia is subdivided by modern scholars into various regions named after the various Indo-European ( and largely Hittite, Luwian or Greek speaking ) peoples that occupied them, such as Lydia, Lycia, Caria, Mysia, Bithynia, Phrygia, Galatia, Lycaonia, Pisidia, Paphlagonia, Cilicia, and Cappadocia.

Another non-Greek etymology suggested by M. Hammarström, looks to Etruscan, comparing ( e ) pruni " lord ", an Etruscan honorific loaned into Greek as πρύτανις.

The ultimate root of " amaranth " is the Greek ( amarantos ), " unfading ," with the Greek word for " flower ," ἄνθος ( anthos ), factoring into the word's development as " amaranth.

Agathon introduced certain innovations into the Greek theater: Aristotle tells us in the Poetics that the characters and plot of his Anthos were original and not, following Athenian dramatic orthodoxy, borrowed from mythological subjects.

Then, in 396 BC, Agesilaus crossed into Asia with a force of 2, 000 neodamodes ( freed helots ) and 6, 000 allies ( including 30 spartiates ) to liberate Greek cities from Persian dominion.

He was born into the aristocratic, warrior class that dominated Mytilene, the strongest city-state on the island of Lesbos and, by the end of the seventh century BC, the most influential of all the North Aegean Greek cities, with a strong navy and colonies securing its trade-routes in the Hellespont.

In 334 BC, Alexander I, at the request of the Greek colony of Taras ( in Magna Graecia ), crossed over into Italy, to aid them in battle against several Italic tribes, the Lucanians and Bruttii.

Although Amasis thus appears first as champion of the disparaged native, he had the good sense to cultivate the friendship of the Greek world, and brought Egypt into closer touch with it than ever before.

Amasis reacted by cultivating closer ties with the Greek states to counter the future Persian invasion into Egypt but was fortunate to have died in 526 B. C. E.

He also translated from Greek into Latin a life of St. John Chrysostom ( Venice, 1533 ); the Spiritual Wisdom of John Moschus ; The Ladder of Divine Ascent of St. John Climacus ( Venice, 1531 ), P. G., LXXXVIII.

He was reckoned by some ancient authors as one of the Seven Sages of Greece, and it is said that he was initiated into the Eleusinian Mysteries of the Great Goddess, a privilege denied to those who did not speak fluent Greek.

The Greek states of Athens and Eretria allowed themselves to be drawn into this conflict by Aristagoras, and during their only campaigning season ( 498 BC ) they contributed to the capture and burning of the Persian regional capital of Sardis.

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