After the fall of the Roman Empire, variations on the term appear in the titles of the 9th-century Historia Britonum and the 12th-century Historia Regum Britanniae, which became tremendously popular during the High Middle Ages.

The account in the Historia Britonum calls Geat a son of a god.

It has been suggested that the saint mentioned here may be no more than a local saint or a tale that had to explain all the holy places dedicated to a St. Germanus or a ' Garmon ', who may have been a Powys saint or even a bishop from the Isle of Man around the time of writing the Historia Britonum.

Because the date of the material underlying the compilation of the Historia Brittonum is disputed, and could be later than the Chronicle, some argue that the Historia Britonum took its material from a source close to the Chronicle ; but after reading both accounts side by side, one has to wonder at their similarities and differences, and wonder if both do not draw upon an earlier tradition.

There are a number of works that are frequently associated with the Historia Brittonum, in part because some of them first appear with the text preserved in the Harleian manuscript, and partly because whenever the Historia Britonum is studied, these sources eventually are mentioned.

br: Historia Britonum

nl: Historia Britonum

The work was translated into Irish by Giolla Coemgin in c. 1071 and is the earliest example of the original Historia Britonum, but includes the author ’ s name, Nennius.

This is the setting of the famous exchange of the warlord Vortigern and the youthful Merlin, as told in the Historia Britonum.

It has long been known that there is a pool inside of the fort, but when the archaeologist Dr H. N. Savory excavated the hill fort between 1954-6, he was surprised to find that not only were the fortifications of about the right time frame for either Vortigern or Ambrosius, but that there was a platform above the pool as described in the Historia Britonum.

The more important of these, found in an appendix to the Historia Britonum, describes his marvelous grave beside the Herefordshire spring where he had been slain by his own father in some unchronicled tragedy.

The Historia Britonum lists the city as one of the 28 cities of Britain around AD 833.

As the following extract from the Historia Britonum ( first written sometime shortly after AD 833 ) testifies:

This legend first appears in the Historia Britonum, a 9th-century historical compilation attributed to Nennius, but is best known from the account given by the 12th century chronicler Geoffrey of Monmouth in his Historia Regum Britanniae.

The Historia Britonum states that " The island of Britain derives its name from Brutus, a Roman consul " who conquered Spain.

A variant version of the Historia Britonum makes Brutus the son of Ascanius's son Silvius, and traces his genealogy back to Ham, son of Noah.

Yet another Brutus, son of Hisicion, son of Alanus the first European, also traced back across many generations to Japheth, is referred to in the Historia Britonum.

He does so, in the same manner described in the Historia Britonum, and is banished.

The Historia Britonum credits the later king Penda with first separating the Mercians from the Northumbrians, but if Cearl was able to make this marriage to Æthelfrith's enemy he must not have been subject to him — possibly any subject relationship only developed at a later date.

The account in the Historia Britonum calls Geat a son of a god which fits.

His chief work is a Historia Francorum, or Libri v de Gestis Francorum, which deals with the history of the Franks from the earliest times to 653, and was continued by other writers until the middle of the twelfth century.

The earliest bestiary in the form in which it was later popularized was an anonymous 2nd century Greek volume called the Physiologus, which itself summarized ancient knowledge and wisdom about animals in the writings of classical authors such as Aristotle's Historia Animalium and various works by Herodotus, Pliny the Elder, Solinus, Aelian and other naturalists.

One of the earliest encyclopedic works to have survived to modern times is the Naturalis Historia of Pliny the Elder, a Roman statesman living in the 1st century AD.

The earliest English record of the kingdom dates to Bede's Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum, which noted the arrival of Bishop ( later Saint ) Mellitus in London in 604.

The earliest secure reference to this passage is found in the writings of the fourth-century Christian apologist and historian Eusebius, who used Josephus ' works extensively as a source for his own Historia Ecclesiastica.

Thus, for example, around 60 manuscripts are extant containing Welsh-language versions of the Historia, the earliest of which were created in the 13th century ; the old notion that some of these Welsh versions actually underlie Geoffrey's Historia, advanced by antiquarians such as the 18th-century Lewis Morris, has long since been discounted in academic circles.

The oldest preserved Norwegian prose works are from the mid-12th century, the earliest are Latin hagiographical and historical texts such as Passio Olavi, Acta sanctorum in Selio, Historia Norwegie and Historia de Antiquitate Regum Norwagiensium.

The earliest known text to mention Arthur in this regard is the 9th-century Historia Brittonum.

The earliest saga Historia Norwegiæ describes her as the daughter of Gorm inn Gamli (‘ the Old ’), king of Denmark ( and hence a sister of Harald Bluetooth ).

The earliest Norwegian written source, Historia Norwegiæ ( late 12th century ), states that Olaf was born in Orkney after his mother fled there to escape the killers of Olaf's father-another late 12th century source, Ágrip, says Olaf's mother fled to Orkney with Olaf when he is three years old, for the same reason.

The earliest full account of Mordred is found in Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae, where he, for the first time in literature, plays the role of traitor to Arthur.

In the Historia Regum Britanniae, one of the earliest texts of the Arthurian legend, only Uther is given the surname " Pendragon ", which is explained as meaning " dragon's head ".

Govan's earliest recorded name may be found in the Historia Regnum Anglorum attributed to Symeon of Durham.

The earliest surviving reference to Partholón's settlement is in the Historia Brittonum, a 9th century British Latin compilation attributed to one Nennius.

The earliest printed books and broadsheets were known as incunabula and the first printed herbal appeared in 1469, a version of Pliny's Historia Naturalis: this was published nine years before Dioscorides De Materia Medica was set in type.

Numerous fragments of Irish legendary history are scattered throughout the 7th and 8th centuries, but the earliest extant account is to be found in the Historia Brittonum or " History of the Britons ," written by the Welsh priest Nennius in 829-830.

The earliest two versions based on Ynglingatal, i. e. Historia Norwegiæ and Íslendingabók ( see below ) say that Dag was succeeded by his sons Alrekr and Eírikr who in their turn were succeeded by Dag's grandson Agne ( in Historia Norwegiæ incorrectly called Hogne ):

Their first appearance is in Geoffrey of Monmouth's fanciful Historia Regum Britanniae, the earliest work to describe Mordred as a usurper.

Fold-out engraving from Ferrante Imperato's Dell ' Historia Naturale ( Naples 1599 ), the earliest illustration of a natural history cabinet

The earliest pictorial record of a natural history cabinet is the engraving in Ferrante Imperato's Dell ' Historia Naturale ( Naples 1599 ) ( illustration, left ).

This story was later retold with more detail by Geoffrey of Monmouth in his fictionalized Historia Regum Britanniae, conflating the personage of Ambrosius with the Welsh tradition of Merlin the visionary, known for oracular utterances that foretold the coming victories of the native Celtic inhabitants of Britain over the Saxons and the Normans.

He is well known as an author and scholar, and his most famous work, Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum ( The Ecclesiastical History of the English People ) gained him the title " The Father of English History ".

Almost everything that is known of Bede's life is contained in the last chapter of his Historia Ecclesiastica, a history of the church in England.

According to British legend ( see: Historia Brittonum ) the territory known later as Essex was ceded by the Britons to the Saxons following the infamous Brad y Cyllyll Hirion event which occurred ca.

According to the legendary Historia Regum Britanniae, of Geoffrey of Monmouth, London was founded by Brutus of Troy after he defeated the incumbent giants Gog and Magog and was known as, ( Latin for New Troy ), which, according to a pseudo-etymology, was corrupted to Trinovantum.

Only the day, 8 July, is known thanks to the Regesta Historia Brandenburgensis, which records the death in " VIII Id Jul " of " Juditha marchionissa gemma Polonorum ".

Almost everything known about Justus and his career is derived from the early 8th-century Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum of Bede.

The textual sources for Arthur are usually divided into those written before Geoffrey's Historia ( known as pre-Galfridian texts, from the Latin form of Geoffrey, Galfridus ) and those written afterwards, which could not avoid his influence ( Galfridian, or post-Galfridian, texts ).

There is clear evidence for a knowledge of Arthur and Arthurian tales on the Continent before Geoffrey's work became widely known ( see for example, the Modena Archivolt ), as well as for the use of " Celtic " names and stories not found in Geoffrey's Historia in the Arthurian romances.

He brought back with him Gregory's replies to Augustine's questions, a document commonly known as the Libellus responsionum, that Bede incorporated in his Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum.

While very little in the way of Pictish writing has survived, Pictish history since the late 6th century is known from a variety of sources, including Bede's Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum, saints ' lives such as that of Columba by Adomnán, and various Irish annals.

He appears to be known to Pliny the Elder through his description of constructing mosaics in Naturalis Historia.

* Earliest date of composition for the Historia Brittonum, attributed to Nennius, and known for its list of 12 battles of King Arthur.

Even in ancient times nothing seems to have been known of his life except what can be gathered from notices in his Historia Ecclesiastica (" Church History "), which departed from its ostensible model, Eusebius of Caesarea, in emphasizing the place of the emperor in church affairs and in giving secular as well as church history.

Sea serpents were known to seafaring cultures in the Mediterranean and Near East, appearing in both mythology ( the Babylonian Labbu ) and in apparent eye-witness accounts ( Aristotle's Historia Animalium ).

The priory may have once been the residence of the monk Geoffrey of Monmouth, who was born around 1100 and is best known for writing the chronicle Historia Regum Britanniae (" History of the Kings of Britain ").

His most notable work was his Decem Libri Historiarum or Ten Books of Histories, better known as the Historia Francorum (" History of the Franks "), a title given to it by later chroniclers, but he is also known for his credulous accounts of the miracles of saints, especially four books of the miracles of Martin of Tours.

According to Historia Augusta, Numerian was a man of considerable literary attainments, remarkably amiable and known as a great orator and poet.

He owes his wide celebrity to the Historia de los bandos de los Zegríes y Abencerrajes ( 1595 – 1619 ), better known as the Guerras civiles de Granada, which purports to be a chronicle based on an Arabic original ascribed to a certain Aben-Hamin.

The first known printed source for the legend of Faust is a small chapbook bearing the title Historia von D. Johann Fausten, published in 1587.

He is mentioned as one of the five British poets of renown, along with Talhaearn Tad Awen (" Talhaearn Father of the Muse "), Aneirin, Blwchfardd, and Cian Gwenith Gwawd (" Cian Wheat of Song "), in the Historia Brittonum, and is also mentioned in the collection of poems known as Y Gododdin.

Gwalchmei was a traditional hero of Welsh legend whose popularity greatly increased after foreign versions, particularly those derived from Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae, became known in Wales.

It was adapted and modified throughout the Middle Ages, including an influential Latin prose version Historia Caroli Magni ( also known as the Pseudo-Turpin Chronicle ), which also includes Roland's battle with a Saracen giant named Ferracutus who is only vulnerable at his navel ( the story was later adapted in the anonymous Franco-Venetian epic L ' Entrée d ' Espagne ( c. 1320 ) and in the 14th century Italian epic La Spagna ( attributed to the Florentine Sostegno di Zanobi and likely composed between 1350 – 1360 ).