The federal sharia court and the sharia bench of the Supreme Court serve as appellate courts for certain convictions in criminal court under the Hudood Ordinances, and judges and attorneys in these courts must be Muslims.

The Hudood Ordinances criminalize non-marital rape, extramarital sex, and various gambling, alcohol, and property offences.

Therefore, if a Muslim man rapes a Muslim woman in the presence of women or non-Muslim men, he cannot be convicted under the Hudood Ordinances.

For both Muslims and non-Muslims, all consensual extramarital sexual relations are considered a violation of the Hudood Ordinances.

If a woman cannot prove the absence of consent in a rape case, there is a risk that she may be charged with a violation of the Hudood Ordinances for fornication or adultery.

A parliamentary commission of inquiry for women has criticized the Hudood Ordinances and recommended their repeal.

This commission found that the main victims of the Hudood Ordinances are poor women who are unable to defend themselves against slanderous charges.

Approximately one-third or more of the women in jails in Lahore, Peshawar, and Mardan in 1998 were awaiting trial for adultery under the Hudood Ordinances.

Sharia courts in Pakistan, which claim to be based on Islamic law, try rape cases under " Hudood " Ordinances instituted in 1979.

The Hudood Ordinances are widely condemned by women's rights groups in Pakistan, by some Islamists globally, and by international human rights groups such as Human Rights Watch.

Among issues it has covered are women's rights, including the rights of women accused of rape under the Hudood Ordinances and honor killings, use of bonded labour, restrictions on press freedom, freedom of religion, freedom of movement, police excesses, religiously-inspired violence and Canada's false labelling of 24 students as terrorists.

" to highlight the oppression and sufferings of women under the Hudood Ordinances.

The International Commission of Jurists mission to Pakistan in December 1986 alled for repealing of certain sections of the Hudood Ordinances relating to crimes and " Islamic " punishments which discriminate against women and non-Muslims.

Some Hudood Ordinance cases are subject to Hadd, or Koranic, punishment ; others are subject to Tazir, or secular punishment.

According to a police official, in a majority of rape cases, the victims are pressured to drop rape charges because of the threat of Hudood adultery charges being brought against them.

According to the National Commission for the Status of Women ( NCSW ) and Amnesty International in Asia and the Pacific, 88 % of the female prisoners are in jail as a direct consequence of the Hudood Ordinance on adultery ( including both those awaiting trial and those convicted ).

Still, the Hudood Ordinance goes against the pronouncements of the Quadi-e-Azam MA Jinnah, who in 1944, had expressly stated that women are the equal partners of men.

During her first term, Bhutto vowed to repeal the controversial Hudood Ordinance and to revert the Eight Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan.

However, the amendments made during Zia-ul-Haq's Islamization led to the controversial Hudood Ordinance and Shariat Court.

The Federal Shari ' a Court and the Shari ' a bench of the Supreme Court serve as appellate courts for certain convictions in criminal court under the Hudood Ordinance, which criminalizes rape, extramarital sex, property crimes, alcohol, and gambling ; judges and attorneys in these courts must be Muslim.

The Hudood Ordinance () ( also spelled Hudud ) was a law in Pakistan that was enacted in 1979 as part of then-military ruler Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq's Islamization and replaced or revised in 2006 by the Women's Protection Bill.

Stories of great personal suffering by women who claimed to have been raped appeared in the press in the years following the passing of the Hudood Ordinance.

The governments of Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif both set up commissions to investigate the Hudood Ordinance.

The Hudood Ordinance negates the views of the founder of Pakistan.

) led a wave of debate on the controversial Hudood Ordinance, a set of laws passed without debated by a dictator 28 of years ago equating rape with adultery.

GEO ’ s campaign, clarified the difference between man-made laws and divine law that the Hudood Ordinance was deliberately associated with.

* Rape and Hudood Ordinance: Perversions of Justice in the Name of Islam by Dr. Mohammad Omar Farooq

Ordinances are performed by the authority of the priesthood and in the name of Jesus Christ.

Ordinances and budgets are enacted by a unicameral ( single chamber ) whose elected members serve four-year terms.

Ordinances are passed by a county council.

Ordinances are passed by a county legislature.

Ordinances and building codes are supervised by a code enforcement officer.

As Texas Peace Officers they are empowered to enforce all Federal, State, and Local Ordinances.

Decrees and Ordinances are promulgated by the different Regional and Community governments and published in the Belgian Official Journal.

In brief, there are 31 Ordinances that are directly related to mass media.

The rest of the Ordinances are of less importance since they do not aim at regulating mass media, but some of their provisions do affect the operation of media organizations and also the freedom of press.

Similar material is found in a number of other Christian writings from the first through about the fifth centuries, including the Epistle of Barnabas, the Didascalia, the Apostolic Church Ordinances, the Summary of Doctrine, the Apostolic Constitutions, the Life of Schnudi, and On the Teaching of the Apostles ( or Doctrina ), some of which are dependent on the Didache.

Twelve articles, adopted in 1969, are presented by the fellowship as their statement of faith on the following issues-the Bible, God, Jesus Christ, the Holy Spirit, Man, Salvation, the Church, the Christian life, Ordinances, Satan, Second Coming, and Future Life.

Ordinances are performed by the authority of the priesthood and in the name of Jesus Christ.

Ordinances which are not a requirement for exaltation are referred to as non-saving ordinances.

The warrant issued on the behalf of the Duke of Norfolk, stated: " that it is desirable that the College of Arms should be visited, and an inquiry instituted with the view of ascertaining whether the Rules and Orders for the good government of the said College ... are duly obeyed and fulfilled ... and whether by change of circumstances or any other cause, any new Laws, Ordinances or Regulations are necessary to be made ... for the said College.

Ordinances and motions ( policy statements ) are assigned to a King County Council committee for consideration, and then are recommended to the full Council for action.

Nevertheless, the Ordinances are useful because they illustrate the faculties adelantados often had.