Many official documents previously handled by the Israeli Civil Administration were now handled by the Palestinian Authority but still required Israeli approval.

After the outbreak of the Civil War in Lebanon and the Israeli invasion into Southern Lebanon ( March 1978 ), the United Nations established the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon ( UNIFIL ).

" Civil liberties declined due to: shooting deaths of Palestinian civilians by Palestinian security personnel ; the summary trial and executions of alleged collaborators by the Palestinian Authority ( PA ); extra-judicial killings of suspected collaborators by militias ; and the apparent official encouragement of Palestinian youth to confront Israeli soldiers, thus placing them directly in harm's way.

Between 1970-1990, he was president of the Israeli League for Human and Civil Rights and was an outspoken critic of the Israeli government.

Shahak then became active with the Israeli League for Human and Civil Rights and was elected its president in 1970.

The League for Human and Civil Rights, composed of Jewish and Arab citizens of Israel, protested and publicized Israeli policies towards Palestinians and provided some legal and other aid to them.

From the Israeli withdrawal from the Chouf in 1983 to the end of the civil war, the PSP ran a highly effective civil administration, the Civil Administration of the Mountain, in the area under its control.

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Aqabah (, and also called Al Aqabah, Aqaba, or Al Aqaba ) is a Palestinian village in the northeastern West Bank, which is being targeted for demolition by the Israeli Civil Administration ( the IDF agency responsible for controlling the West Bank ).

Located in Area C of the West Bank, Aqabah is subject to the Israeli Civil Administration's zoning authority and regulations.

In 1998, the Village Council applied to the Israeli Civil Administration for a master plan which would enable the village to obtain permits for construction, but the Civil Administration has never replied to their request.

The left-wing Israeli organization Gush Shalom states that despite the population increase and changing needs of the village inhabitants, the Civil Administration ignored their needs and turned them into " lawbreakers " against their will.

In 2003, the Israeli Civil Administration began issuing demolition orders against the village structures, claiming " lack of building permits " and ignoring the repeated attempts of the village at getting a land-use plan authorized.

In addition, in 2006 the village commissioned another comprehensive land-use plan which was drawn by Architect Jamal Juma but the Israeli Civil Administration ignored the plan.

In early 2009, the Israeli Civil Administration declared some 1, 700 dunams () of land called “ Givat Eitam ” ( Eitam Hill ) by the settlers and “ Jabel Abu Zeid ” by the Palestinians, previously considered part of Bethlehem and the village of Artas to be " state land ", after a military appeals committee approved an August 2004 decision which rejected objections against the confiscation of the land filed by Palestinian landowners.

After heavy Palestinian involvement in the Lebanese Civil War, the Guardians cultivated ties with the Israeli military, receiving weapons and support.

The Civil Guard (), abbreviated in Hebrew as Mash ' az ( משא " ז ) is a volunteer organization of Israeli citizens which assists in daily police work.

The story touches on a number of contemporary political and social issues, such as the Lebanese Civil War, the Arab – Israeli conflict, the Ethiopia famine, corruption and the handling of rogue states.

* ( 1945 – 1957, Israeli Defence Forces ; 1970s – present, Israeli Police ; 1974 – present, Civil Guard )

El-Sana is known for his outspoken criticism of the Israeli government, prompting one Jerusalem Post commentator to suggest recently that el-Sana be deported to Palestinian Authority controlled territory just as Abraham Lincoln deported United States Congressman Clement Vallandigham to the Confederated States of America during the American Civil War.

The foundation runs three major programs: the Wexner Heritage Program for North American Jewish volunteers ; the Graduate Fellowship for students pursuing a master's degree in the rabbinate, cantorate, or Jewish studies ; and an Israel Fellowship which funds Israeli public officials for a master's degree in Public Administration from Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government.

To address these developments, the Nixon Administration began parallel negotiations with both Arab oil producers to end the embargo, and with Egypt, Syria, and Israel to arrange an Israeli pull back from the Sinai and the Golan Heights after the fighting stopped.

Finally, studies of the specific group psychology of several leaders and leader groups, including the Israeli and Arab leaders in 1973 and the Kennedy Administration during the Bay of Pigs Invasion and Cuban Missile Crisis, indicated that in many cases executive groups use poor decision-making techniques and improperly assess available information.

It was met with bitter denunciation by the Israeli government and many Palestinians, with the Palestinian Authority staying non-committal, but it was warmly welcomed by many European governments and some significant elements of the Bush Administration, including Secretary of State Colin Powell.

* On August 28th, 2002 the Israeli Supreme Court ruled in favor of the Mizrahi Democratic Rainbow – New Discourse appeal and against the Israel Lands Administration in decisions no.

A High Court petition was submitted in 2003 by the Land Forum, whose members include the Mizrahi Democratic Rainbow – New Discourse, Bimakom, Adam, Teva Ve Din and the Human Right Association, to minimize the Israeli Lands Administration use of procedures that change land destinations from agricultural to non-agricultural use, benefitting corporations over the public interest.

The company was founded by the Israeli Solel Boneh Ltd. and Luxembourg based Salgad ( Societe Anonyme Luxembourgoise de Gestion et D ' Administration ) which was a fully owned subsidiary of the Finnish artillery and mortar manufacturer Tampella.

Israeli Civil Administration is responsible for coordinating with the PNA.

The High Representative is deeply concerned by the approval on 22 February by the Israeli Civil Administration of new construction in the settlements of Shvut Rachel and Shilo as well as the retrospective approval granted for housing units already built.

Non-Israeli residents of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip were issued ID cards by the Civil Administration of Judea and Samaria ( and Gaza until 2005 ), which had an almost identical layout as the Israeli card ( the differences being that the surname category came after the first name, father's name, and grandfather's name categories instead of at the top, and the " ethnicity " category was replaced with a " religion " category ).

They are identical to the Israeli Civil Administration cards save for the order of languages being switched, with Arabic coming before Hebrew, and the plastic casing being dark green with the PNA insignia embossed on the outer cover.

However, Chad has not recognised the State of Israel since former Chadian President François ( Ngarta ) Tombalbaye broke off relations in September 1972 as an act of solidarity with the Palestinians, and other Arabs under Israeli occupation.

Historically, control of the Israeli government has alternated between periods of rule by the right-wing Likud in coalition with several right-wing and religious parties and periods of rule by the center-left Labor in coalition with several left-wing parties.

Since the beginning of the second Intifada the DFLP has carried out a number of shooting attacks against Israeli targets, such as the 25 August 2001 attack on a military base in Gaza that killed three Israeli soldiers and wounded seven others.

The Egyptian Chief of Intelligence, General Omar Suleiman, has played a substantial role in negotiations between the Israeli and Palestinian sides and is highly respected on both sides.

The Israeli West Bank barrier has become a site for graffiti, reminiscent in this sense of the Berlin Wall.

* Derek Gregory ( born 1951 ), famous for writing on the Israeli, U. S. and UK actions in the Middle East after 9 / 11, influenced by Edward Said and has contributed work on imagined geographies.

Since then the Israeli economy has gradually moved to capitalism and a free market economy, partially retaining the social welfare system.

In addition to killing Israeli civilians and armed forces, Hamas has also attacked suspected Palestinian collaborators, and Fatah rivals.

In the wake of the Israeli invasion of Gaza in January 2009, Hamas has been accused of systematically rounding up, torturing and summarily executing Fatah supporters suspected of supplying information to Israel.

Syria has denied supplying these weapons and views these claims as an Israeli excuse for an attack.

American and Israeli counter-terrorism officials claim that Hezbollah has ( or had ) links to Al Qaeda, although Hezbollah's leaders deny these allegations.

According to Michel Samaha, Lebanon ’ s minister of information, Hezbollah is seen as a legitimate resistance organization that has defended its land against an Israeli occupying force and has consistently stood up to the Israeli army.

President Wahid has pursued better relations with Israel, and in August 2000 he met with former Israeli Prime Minister Peres.

The situation is further complicated by the Israeli West Bank barrier, which has separated certain parts of the West Bank such that they have become contiguous with sovereign Israel.

However, Israel has settled hundreds of thousands of its citizens in various Israeli controlled settlements in the West Bank.

According to some sources, the Reform movement has maintained that a Jew who has converted to another religion is no longer a Jew, and the Israeli Government has also taken that stance after Supreme Court cases and statutes.

The Masorti Movement's Israeli seminar also rejected a change in its view of the status of homosexual conduct, stating that " Jewish law has traditionally prohibited homosexuality.

* The commentary by Rabbi Pinhas Kehati, which is written in Modern Israeli Hebrew and based on classical and contemporary works, has become popular in the late Twentieth Century.

It has been claimed that the German authorities, under the leadership of Chancellor Willy Brandt and Minister for the Interior Hans-Dietrich Genscher, rejected Israel's offer to send an Israeli special forces unit to Germany.