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The Jacquard loom was the first machine to use punched cards to control a sequence of operations.
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Jacquard and loom
The input ( programs and data ) was to be provided to the machine via punched cards, a method being used at the time to direct mechanical looms such as the Jacquard loom.
In 1801, Joseph-Marie Jacquard developed a loom in which the pattern being woven was controlled by punched cards.
*: 1801: Joseph Marie Jacquard invents the Jacquard loom, the first machine to use punched cards to control a sequence of operations.
* 1752 – Joseph Marie Jacquard, French inventor and merchant, invented the Jacquard loom ( d. 1834 )
The Jacquard loom is a mechanical loom, invented by Joseph Marie Jacquard in 1801, that simplifies the process of manufacturing textiles with complex patterns such as brocade, damask and matelasse.
The term " Jacquard loom " is a misnomer.
The threading of a Jacquard loom is so labor-intensive that many looms are threaded only once.
Image: Jacquard. loom. hooks. jpg | Close-up view of comber board, harness, mails, weights ( Lingoes ) and warp with 1040 ends
File: WLANL-jpa2003-detail jaquard weefgetouw. jpg | Jacquard loom
Image: Jacquard. loom. cards. jpg | Close-up view of the 8 × 26 hole punched cards — one card per pick ( weft ) in the fabric
* Joseph-Marie Jacquard develops a loom where the pattern being woven is controlled by punched cards.
( See Jacquard loom ).
* Jacquard loom Controlled by a system similar to, but not quite the same as punched tape.
* 1801 – Joseph Marie Jacquard invents the Jacquard punched card loom.
Dot matrix pattern woven into fabric in 1858, using punched card s on a Jacquard loom.
This monument commemorates Joseph Marie Jacquard, a popular figure in Calais because of his contribution to the development of lace through his machines, namely the Jacquard loom.
Numbering 13, 000 in total, they included a Jacquard loom, an envelope machine, kitchen appliances, steel-making displays and a reaping machine that was sent from the United States.
Jacquard and was
The encoding of data by discrete bits was used in the punched cards invented by Basile Bouchon and Jean-Baptiste Falcon ( 1732 ), developed by Joseph Marie Jacquard ( 1804 ), and later adopted by Semen Korsakov, Charles Babbage, Hermann Hollerith, and early computer manufacturers like IBM.
Monument " Jacquard " was built in 1910 on the square, opposite the entrance to the Calais Theatre.
Joseph Marie Charles dit ( called or nicknamed ) Jacquard ( 7 July 1752 – 7 August 1834 ) was a French weaver and merchant.
Jacquard ’ s surname was not technically “ Jacquard ”; it was Charles.
To distinguish the various branches, they were given nicknames ; Joseph ’ s branch was dubbed the “ Jacquard ” Charles.
Thus, Joseph ’ s grandfather was Barthélemy Charles dit Jacquard.
Joseph Marie Charles dit Jacquard was born in Lyon, France on 7 July 1752.
He was one of nine children of Jean Charles dit Jacquard, a master weaver of Lyon, and his wife, Antoinette Rive.
Jacquard ’ s occupation at this time is problematic because by 1780 most silk weavers did not work independently ; instead, they worked for wages from silk merchants, and Jacquard was not registered as a silk merchant in Lyon.
Eymard claimed that before becoming involved in the weaving of silk, Jacquard was a type-founder ( a maker of printers ’ type ), a soldier, a bleacher ( blanchisseur ) of straw hats, and a lime burner ( a maker of lime for mortar ).
Ballot stated that Jacquard initially helped his father operate his loom, but the work proved too arduous, so Jacquard was placed first with a bookbinder and then with a maker of printers ' type.
Charles Ballot stated that after the rebellion of Lyon in 1793 was suppressed, Jacquard and his son escaped from the city by joining the revolutionary army.
For example, he stated that Jacquard's wife Claudette Boichon was the daughter of Antoine-Hélon Boichon, a master swordsmith, whereas Claudette was a widow who had been married to a Mr. Boichon before she married Jacquard.
In 1801, Jacquard exhibited his invention at the industrial exhibition in Paris ; and in 1803 he was summoned to Paris and attached to the Conservatoire des Arts et Metiers.
Although his invention was fiercely opposed by the silk-weavers, who feared that its introduction, owing to the saving of labour, would deprive them of their livelihood, its advantages secured its general adoption, and by 1812 there were 11, 000 Jacquard looms in use in France.
Jacquard and first
Jacquard was not the first man to try to automate the process of weaving.
The design was copied from the costly silk and wool Kashmir shawls and adapted first for use on handlooms, and, after 1820, on Jacquard looms.
A crucial step was the adoption of a punched card system derived from the Jacquard loom " which made it the first programmable calculator.
Dobby looms first appeared around 1843, roughly 40 years after Joseph Marie Jacquard invented the Jacquard device that can be mounted atop a loom to lift the individual heddles and warp threads.
Bonas Machine Company Ltd. launched the first electronic Jacquard at ITMA, Milan in 1983.
Jacquard and machine
It is the " Jacquard head " that adapts to a great many dobby looms such as the " Dornier " brand that allow the weaving machine to then create the intricate patterns often seen in Jacquard weaving.
The loom was declared public property in 1806, and Jacquard was rewarded with a pension and a royalty on each machine.
In other words, a control such as that of the Jacquard loom could not work on machine tools because its movements were not strong enough ; the metal being cut " fought back " against it with more force than the control could properly counteract.
Roberts was a prolific inventor and manufacturer, ranging over turret clock-making, to road vehicles, to iron ship building, to a punching machine, operating on the same system as the Jacquard loom, for punching the rivet holes in the iron plates making up the railway bridge over the river Conwy in North Wales.
Jacq-Rite had developed a range of specialist insurance software for the Jacquard machine but transferred to the SDS 400 following the advice of John McCully.
The Jacquard machine subsequently evolved from this.
It is difficult to determine what part of the ' Jacquard ' machine, Jacquard himself designed.
One of the chief advantages which was claimed for the Jacquard machine was that, previously in weaving damasks the figuring shed was usually drawn once for every four shots, with the new apparatus it could be drawn on every shot, thus producing a fabric with greater definition of outline.
As well as the capital expense, the Jacquard machines are more costly to maintain, as they are complex and require higher skilled personnel ; an expensive design system is required to prepare the designs for the loom, and possibly a card-cutting machine.
Although the machines were initially small, modern technology has allowed Jacquard machine capacity to increase significantly, and single end warp control can extend to more than 10, 000 warp ends.
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