Bad relations between England and Flanders brought hard times to the shepherds scattered over the dales and downs as well as to the crowded Flemish cities, and while the English, so far, had done no more than grumble, Othon had seen what the discontent might lead to, for before he left the Low Countries the citizens of Ghent had risen in protest against the expense of supporting Edward and his troops, and the regular soldiers had found it unexpectedly difficult to put down the nasty little riot that ensued.

Behind him lay the Low Countries, where men were still completing the cathedrals that a later Florentine would describe as `` a malediction of little tabernacles, one on top of the other, with so many pyramids and spires and leaves that it is a wonder they stand up at all, for they look as though they were made of paper instead of stone or marble '' ; ;

the Low Countries, where the Middle Ages were to last for another two centuries and die out only when Charles the Bold of Burgundy met his first defeat in the fields and forests below the walls of Grandson.

* The Capture of Brielle, marked a turning point in the uprising of the Low Countries against Spain in the Eighty Years ' War.

Another famous abjuration was brought about by the Plakkaat van Verlatinghe of July 26, 1581, the formal Declaration of Independence of the Low Countries from the Spanish king, Philip II.

In the remainder of the war in the Low Countries he held high commands, and was present at the Battle of Fleurus.

Conversely the use of true brass seems to have declined in Western Europe during this period in favour of gunmetals and other mixed alloys but by the end of the first Millennium AD brass artefacts are found in Scandinavian graves in Scotland, brass was being used in the manufacture of coins in Northumbria and there is archaeological and historical evidence for the production of brass in Germany and The Low Countries areas rich in calamine ore which would remain important centres of brass making throughout the medieval period, especially Dinant – brass objects are still collectively known as dinanterie in French.

Montgomery's training paid off when the Germans began their invasion of the Low Countries on 10 May 1940 and the 3rd Division advanced to the River Dijle and then withdrew to Dunkirk with great professionalism, entering the Dunkirk perimeter in a famous night-time march which placed his forces on the left flank which had been left exposed by the Belgian surrender.

A combination of deception and brilliant administration – designed to conceal his true destination from friend and foe alike – enabled Marlborough to march unhindered from the Low Countries to the River Danube in five weeks.

To isolate the Danube from any Allied intervention, Marshal Villeroi's 46, 000 troops were expected to pin the 70, 000 Dutch and English troops around Maastricht in the Low Countries, while General de Coigny protected Alsace against surprise with a further corps.

Marlborough could not attack Dillingen because of a lack of siege guns – he was unable to bring any from the Low Countries, and Baden had failed to supply any despite assurances to the contrary.

Therefore, in the interest of coalition harmony, Marlborough prepared to campaign in the Low Countries.

Map of the Low Countries during the War of the Spanish Succession.

Barge and canal systems were nonetheless of great, perhaps even primary, economic importance until after World War I in Europe, particularly in the more developed nations of the Low Countries, France, Germany, Poland, and especially Great Britain which more or less made the system characteristically its own.

Again an Expeditionary Force was sent to France, only to be hastily evacuated as the German forces swept through the Low Countries and across France in 1940.

The infantry of the Low Countries, who were at this time almost the best in existence, drove back the French.

Two paintings ( both dated 1565 ) by Pieter Bruegel the Elder depict Dutch peasants curling — Scotland and the Low Countries had strong trading and cultural links during this period, which is also evident in the history of golf.

Eugene fought primarily in northern Italy in the early years of the war, then later in the Low Countries.

As the popular response to Luther gathered momentum, the social disorders, which Erasmus dreaded and Luther disassociated himself from, began to appear, including the German Peasants ' War, the Anabaptist disturbances in Germany and in the Low Countries, iconoclasm and the radicalization of peasants across Europe.

Through marriage, the County of Flanders was joined with most of the rest of the Low Countries around 1400 AD, and it lost its independence.

In the Early modern period, the term Flanders was associated with the southern part of the Low Countries: the Southern Netherlands.

The French Revolutionary Wars started in 1792 and ultimately featured spectacular French victories that facilitated the conquest of the Italian Peninsula, the Low Countries and most territories west of the Rhine – achievements that had eluded previous French governments for centuries.

The vast majority of ethnic Franks, divided between Salians and Ripuarians, were confined respectively to the Low Countries, the northeastern tip of modern France and the Rhine river banks all the way down to near the Main and Hesse areas.

Around this time the center of political and social importance in the Low Countries started to shift from Flanders ( Bruges – Ghent ) to Brabant ( Antwerp – Brussels ), although Ghent would continue to play an important role.

Craft Guilds in the Early Modern Low Countries: Work, Power and Representation ( 2006 ).

An alien, coming into a colony also became, temporarily a subject of the Crown, and acquired rights both within and beyond the colony, and these latter rights could not be affected by the laws of that colony ( Routledge v Low ( 1868 ) LR 3 HL 100 ; 37 LJ Ch 454 ; 18 LT 874 ; 16 WR 1081, HL ; Reid v Maxwell ( 1886 ) 2 TLR 790 ; Falcon v Famous Players Film Co 2 KB 474 ).

Low periods of the Nile during the 11th century continued to add to the landscape of Cairo ; a new island, known as Geziret al-Fil, first appeared in 1174, but eventually became connected to the mainland.

* Lothair received the central portion of the empire which later became, from north to south: the Low Countries, Lorraine, Alsace, Burgundy, Provence, and the Kingdom of Italy ( which covered only the northern half of the Italian Peninsula ), collectively called Middle Francia.

Thus, the issue of the inheritance of the Spanish kingdoms — which included not only Spain, but also dominions in Italy, the Low Countries, the Philippines and the Americas — became contentious.

Now that France had been expelled from Germany, the Low Countries and Italy, Spain became the centre of activity in the next few years.

The parts of the County of Flanders stretching out west of the river Scheldt ( Schelde in Dutch, Escaut in French ) became part of France during the Middle Ages, but the remainders of the County of Flanders and the Low Countries were part of the Holy Roman Empire.

By 1433 most of the Belgian and Luxembourgian territory along with much of the rest of the Low Countries became part of Burgundy under Philip the Good.

When Mary of Burgundy, granddaughter of Philip the Good married Maximilian I, the Low Countries became Habsburg territory.

Most of the region was once part of the Southern Netherlands, within the Low Countries, and gradually became part of France between 1477 and 1678.

The Low Countries became part of Middle Francia, which was ruled by Lothair I.

In Belgium, the title of Duke of Brabant ( historically the most prestigious in the Low Countries, and containing the federal capital Brussels ), if still vacant, has been awarded preferentially to the eldest son and heir presumptive of the king, other male dynasts receiving various lower historical titles ( much older than Belgium, and in principle never fallen to the Belgian crown ), such as Count of Flanders ( King Leopold III's so-titled brother held the title when he became the realm's temporary head of state as prince-regent ) and Prince of Liège ( a secularised version of the historical prince-bishopric ; e. g., the present King Albert II until he succeeded his older brother Baudouin I ).

The town became one of the richest burghs in the country, doing trade with France, the Low Countries and Baltic Countries for goods such as Spanish silk and French wine.

The Beeldenstorm grew out of a turn in the behaviour of Low Country Protestants starting around 1560, who became increasingly open in their religion, despite penal sanctions.

After his initial period of maintaining independent neutrality from both France and England failed, neighboring sovereigns in the Low Countries, stimulated as a matter of policy by Philip VI of France, became John's enemies ; among the adversaries of John were the Count of Flanders, the prince-bishop of Liège, and counts of Holland and Guelders.

In its article " The Liturgy of the Mass ", the 1917 Catholic Encyclopedia describes how, when concelebration ceased to be practised in Western Europe, Low Mass became distinguished from High Mass:

Regardless of this difference in interpretation, East Low Franconian was eventually " absorbed " into Dutch as it became the dominant form of Low Franconian, although it remains a noticeable substrate within Limburgish.

The area of Copmanthorpe covering Main Street, Church Street and Low Green became a Conservation Area in 1978.

The highly lucrative cloth trade gained Mechelen wealth and power during the Late Middle Ages and it even became the capital of the Low Countries ( very roughly the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg ) in the first half of the 16th century under Archduchess Margaret of Austria.

This theme played out with many artists from the Low Countries in the first few decades of the 17th century, where it became associated with the Utrecht Caravaggisti like Gerrit van Honthorst and Dirck van Baburen, and with Flemish Baroque painters such as Jacob Jordaens.

In the early 1990s, the station again became an important outlet for new Canadian music, with bands such as Barenaked Ladies, The Lowest of the Low, Rheostatics, and Sloan counting CFNY as their first major radio supporter.

Bulbous domes became popular in the second half of the 15th century in the Low Countries of Northern Europe, possibly inspired by the finials of minarets in Egypt and Syria.

In 1978, Dr. Jackson became part of the Scattering and Low Energy Physics Research Department, and in 1988 she moved to the Solid State and Quantum Physics Research Department.

In 1493 the town became part of the Low Countries and under Spanish dominion for more than 170 years.

During his employment at the Bulletin, Low became famous for a 1916 cartoon of William Hughes, then the Prime Minister of Australia, entitled The Imperial Conference.