The electrostatic potential can be expressed in terms of the inter-ionic separation and a constant ( Madelung constant ) that takes account of the geometry of the crystal.

** the Madelung constant for crystal structures held by ionic bonding

The Madelung constant being calculated for the NaCl ion labeled 0 in the expanding spheres method.

The Madelung constant is used in determining the electrostatic potential of a single ion in a crystal by approximating the ions by point charges.

with being the ( dimensionless ) Madelung constant of the ith ion

Madelung said of hadith: " Work with the narrative sources, both those that have been available to historians for a long time and others which have been published recently, made it plain that their wholesale rejection as late fiction is unjustified and that with without a judicious use of them, a much more reliable and accurate portrait of the period can be drawn than has been realized so far.

A formalism has been worked out for those piezoelectric crystals, for which the polarization is of the crystal-field induced type, that allows for the calculation of piezoelectrical coefficients from electrostatic lattice constants or higher-order Madelung constants.

Around this time Erwin Madelung also developed a hydrodynamic version of Schrödinger's equation which is incorrectly considered as a basis for the density current derivation of the de Broglie – Bohm theory.

The positions shown in the table above correspond to the assumption that the Madelung rule will continue to hold for higher atomic numbers ; this assumption may or may not be true.

Pekka Pyykkö, for example, used computer modeling to calculate the positions of elements up to Z = 172, and found that several were displaced from the Madelung energy-ordering rule.

Madelung believed that Hasan was poisoned and that the famous early Islamic historian al-Tabari suppressed the tale out of concern for the faith of the common people.

According to The Succession to Muhammad by Wilferd Madelung, Senior Research Fellow at the Institute for Ismaili Studies in London, Umar later described the event as a falta, a precipitate arrangement ( p. 30 ).

Pekka Pyykkö, for example, used computer modeling to calculate the positions of elements up to Z = 172, and found that several were displaced from the Madelung rule.

According to the Institute for Shia Ismaili Studies in London's Shia ' ism researcher Wilferd Madelung, only Uthman and Ali were willing to take the burden of the caliphate.

Wilferd Madelung has rejected the stance of indiscriminately dismissing everything not included in " early sources " and in this approach tendentious alone is no evidence for late origin.

However, one recent publication, The Succession to Muhammad written by Institute for Ismaili Studies in London's researcher Wilfred Madelung, ex Laudian Professor of Arabic at the University of Oxford, examines the course of events from 632, and the death of Muhammad, through the rise of the Umayyads — and rehabilitates some of the Shia narratives.

On the right of Muhammad's household to succeed him, for instance, Madelung observes that:

For example, for the ionic crystal NaCl, there arise two Madelung constants – one for Na and another for Cl.

This graph demonstrates the non-convergence of the expanding spheres method for calculating the Madelung Constant for NaCl as compared to the expanding cubes method, which is convergent.

The Shi ’ a and Institute for Shia Ismaili Studies in London's Shia ' ism researcher Wilferd Madelung believe that Malik was poisoned by Muawiyah I.

* Institute for Ismaili Studies-festschrift in honour of Wilferd Madelung.

It is the first member of the 6d-block ; in accordance with the Madelung rule, its electronic configuration should be 7s < sup > 2 </ sup > 5f < sup > 14 </ sup > 6d < sup > 1 </ sup >.

* Madelung, W. and Walker, P .-The Advent of the Fatimids: A Contemporary Shi ' i Witness, I. B.

There occur as many Madelung constants in a crystal structure as ions occupy different lattice sites.

The nearest neighbour distance amounts to half the lattice parameter of the cubic unit cell and the Madelung constants become

In quantum chemistry they arise as solutions to chemical kinetic systems, in which case they are derived from the Schrödinger equation by way of Madelung equations.

* Hussein ibn ' Ali by Wilferd Madelung, an article of Encyclopædia Iranica.

Madelung notes other traditions suggesting that Hasan may have been poisoned by another wife, the daughter of Suhayl ibn Amr, or perhaps by one his servants and also cites the early historians ( Baladhuri, Waqidi, etc .).

* Hasan ibn ' Ali by Wilferd Madelung, In Encyclopædia Iranica

* AL-BAQER by Wilferd Madelung, an article in Encyclopædia Iranica

* Ali al-Hadi by Wilferd Madelung an article of Encyclopædia Iranica

* Ali ibn Husayn by Wilferd Madelung, an article in Encyclopædia Iranica

This was approximately 12 years after the probable advent of great saphenous vein stripping in 1844 by Madelung.

The Shi ’ a and Wilferd Madelung believe that Malik was poisoned by Muawiyah I.

The latter view is favored by contemporary academic scholar Madelung.

The Madelung synthesis is a chemical reaction that produces ( substituted or unsubstituted ) indoles by the intramolecular cyclization of N-phenylamides using strong base at high temperature.

In 1935, Georg Hans Madelung, a German engineer, professor, and aircraft designer, showed that a vehicle does not need a long tapered tail at high speeds.

Madelung was Laudian Professor of Arabic at the University of Oxford from 1978 to 1998.

In general, P is a function of V and the current density, but it shall here be assumed as a constant.

While this looks like a polynomial with matrices as coefficients, we shall not consider such a notion ; it is just a way to write a matrix with polynomial entries as linear combination of constant matrices, and the coefficient has been written to the left of the matrix to stress this point of view.

" For the Church of England ," he there says, " I am persuaded that the constant doctrine of it is so pure and orthodox, that whosoever believes it, and lives according to it, undoubtedly he shall be saved, and that there is no error in it which may necessitate or warrant any man to disturb the peace or renounce the communion of it.

In furtherance of these aims, this Fraternity has recognized certain standards of attainment and gentlemanly conduct, expressed in the ideals symbolically represented by the three Greek letters, Delta, Sigma, Phi ; and it shall be the constant endeavor of the brothers who may be called to preside over and govern the Fraternity, or its component chapters, to enforce the precepts of the Fraternity by every reasonable means within their power, and they, and each brother of the Fraternity shall exemplify those principles by conduct as well as enforcement in order that the Fraternity may grow and prosper with honor to itself and that the world may ever be convinced of the sincerity of our purpose.

The Zionists, as always, have proved themselves in time of need as trusted and loyal friends of colonialism ; they shall forever remain so because they would not be able to stand on their own feet for one minute without the constant help and support of the colonial powers.

: There shall be a perpetual and constant peace between the United States of America and the magnificent Pasha, Bey of Tunis, and also a permanent friendship, which shall more and more increase.

" Concerning the peculiar constitution of the ether, we know nothing and shall suppose nothing, except what is involved in the foregoing assumptions vibrations in a medium of constant density ... Having arrived at the value of potential function, we may now take it for the starting point of our theory, and dismiss the assumptions by which we were conducted to it.

Expanding to newer horizons JSPL firmly believes that change is the only constant in life and it shall have to continuously upgrade its existing technologies, embrace new technologies, motivate its personnel and uplift the living standards of those around us.

A constant theme in his works, especially the Persian Bayan was that of the great Promised One, the next embodiment of the Primal Will, whom the Báb termed He whom God shall make manifest, promised in the sacred writings of previous religions would soon establish the Kingdom of God on the Earth.