* 2006 – NASA reveals photographs taken by Mars Global Surveyor suggesting the presence of liquid water on Mars.

* Mars Global Surveyor

By December 15, 2010 it broke the record for longest serving spacecraft at Mars, with 3, 340 days of operation, claiming the title from NASA's Mars Global Surveyor.

Mars Odyssey was originally a component of the Mars Surveyor 2001 program, and was named the Mars Surveyor 2001 Orbiter.

It was intended to have a companion spacecraft known as Mars Surveyor 2001 Lander, but the lander mission was canceled in May 2000 following the failures of Mars Climate Orbiter and Mars Polar Lander in late 1999.

Mars Odyssey as imaged by Mars Global Surveyor

* 1996 – NASA launches the Mars Global Surveyor.

Image: Tharsis-PIA02049. jpg | Mars Global Surveyor image of clouds over Tharsis.

Mars Global Surveyor image showing lava flows of different ages at the base of Olympus Mons.

* 1997 – NASA's Mars Global Surveyor reaches Mars.

** NASA launches the Mars Global Surveyor.

* Mars Global Surveyor – a Mars orbiter

Recent images from Mars Global Surveyor indicate that Phobos is covered with a layer of fine-grained regolith at least 100 meters thick ; it is hypothesized to have been created by impacts from other bodies, but it is not known how the material stuck to an object with almost no gravity.

* Mars Surveyor ' 98 program ( Mars Climate Orbiter and Mars Polar Lander ) — Failed NASA probes

The Mars Climate Orbiter ( formerly the Mars Surveyor ' 98 Orbiter ) was a 338 kilogram ( 750 lb ) robotic space probe launched by NASA on December 11, 1998 to study the Martian climate, atmosphere, surface changes and to act as the communications relay in the Mars Surveyor ' 98 program, for Mars Polar Lander.

* 1976 – Viking program: Viking 2 enters orbit around Mars.

* 1969 – Mariner program: Mariner 7 makes its closest fly-by of Mars ( 3, 524 kilometers ).

Notable and popular were the eight " Mike Mars " books for children, which explored different facets of the NASA space program.

The American Vision for Space Exploration, originally introduced by President George W. Bush and put into practice through the Constellation program, had as a long term goal to eventually send human astronauts to Mars.

* 1976 – Viking program: Viking 1 takes the famous Face on Mars photo.

The Viking program, that visited Mars in the late 1970s, was motivated in part to determine whether Mars supported life, and many of the sensors and experiments that were ultimately deployed aimed to resolve this issue.

During work on a precursor of this program, Lovelock became interested in the composition of the Martian atmosphere, reasoning that many life forms on Mars would be obliged to make use of it ( and, thus, alter it ).

* Mars probe program, a series of unmanned craft launched by the Soviet Union in the early 1970s

* 1971 – Mariner program: Mariner 9 is launched to map 70 % of the surface, and to study temporal changes in the atmosphere and surface, of Mars.

* the Mars Gravity Biosatellite-a program to design, build, and launch a satellite rotated to artificially provide partial gravity of 0. 38g, equivalent to that of Mars, and hosting a small population of mice, to study the health effects of partial gravity, as opposed to zero gravity ; this originated as a Mars Society initiative and is now supported by the YourNameIntoSpace web portal

Their research focus is Mars Analogue Research, e. g. the AustroMars mission with roughly 130 volunteers supporting a mission simulation at the Mars Desert Research Station ( MDRS ) and the ongoing PolAres multi-year research program which encompass the development of a Mars analogue rover system ans a novel spacesuit prototype dubbed " Aouda. X ", culminating in an arctic expedition in 2011.

In cooperation with the Netherlands Society for Aerospace ( NVR ), MS NL strives to educate youth in ' kids for space ', and the ' RuimteWijs ' program, giving lectures about Mars all over Netherlands.

The Mars Society has argued the viability of the Mars Habitat Unit concept through their Mars Analogue Research Station program.

The Mariner program was a program conducted by the American space agency NASA in conjunction with Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ) that launched a series of robotic interplanetary probes designed to investigate Mars, Venus and Mercury from 1962 to 1973.

The Viking program comprised a pair of American space probes sent to Mars, Viking 1 and Viking 2.

The solar panels comprised a total of 34, 800 solar cells and produced 620 W of power at Mars.

* Boundary Road-This road joins New Line Road in Cherrybrook and marks the northern boundary of the Field of Mars Common which was established on August 12, 1804 and comprised.

She also was a great-grandniece of Giovanni Schiaparelli, an Italian astronomer who believed he had discovered the supposed canals of Mars, and a great-grandniece of art expert Bernard Berenson ( 1865 – 1959 ) and his sister Senda Berenson ( 1868 – 1954 ), an athlete and educator who was one of the first two women elected to the Basketball Hall of Fame.

In the 2000s, the rock band 30 Seconds to Mars released two concept albums, 30 Seconds to Mars ( 2002 ) and This Is War ( 2009 ).

The volcanic activity of Mars is concentrated in two major provinces, Tharsis and Elysium.

The Martian space marine base acts as security for the Union Aerospace Corporation, a multi-planetary conglomerate, which is performing secret experiments with teleportation by creating gateways between the two moons of Mars, Phobos and Deimos.

* Deimos ( moon ), the smaller and outermost of Mars ' two natural satellites

" The Andalusian astronomer Ibn Bajjah (" Avempace ", d. 1138 ) proposed that the Milky Way was made up of many stars that almost touch one another and appear to be a continuous image due to the effect of refraction from sublunary material, citing his observation of the conjunction of Jupiter and Mars as evidence of this occurring when two objects are near.

Edmond Halley in 1692 put forth the idea of Earth consisting of a hollow shell about thick, two inner concentric shells and an innermost core, about the diameters of the planets Venus, Mars, and Mercury.

Remotely-controlled landers such as Viking, Pathfinder and the two Mars Exploration Rovers have landed on the surface of Mars and several Venera and Vega spacecraft have landed on the surface of Venus.

Over the next two months he stayed as a guest, analyzing some of Tycho's observations of Mars ; Tycho guarded his data closely, but was impressed by Kepler's theoretical ideas and soon allowed him more access.

Kepler planned to test his theory from Mysterium Cosmographicum based on the Mars data, but he estimated that the work would take up to two years ( since he was not allowed to simply copy the data for his own use ).

The extended line of research that culminated in Astronomia nova ( A New Astronomy )— including the first two laws of planetary motion — began with the analysis, under Tycho's direction, of Mars ' orbit.

Kepler calculated and recalculated various approximations of Mars ' orbit using an equant ( the mathematical tool that Copernicus had eliminated with his system ), eventually creating a model that generally agreed with Tycho's observations to within two arcminutes ( the average measurement error ).

A riot broke out, and only stopped when Caesar had two rioters sacrificed by the priests on the Field of Mars.

* Mars, disk two of the Red Hot Chili Peppers double album Stadium Arcadium

* Tempo3 The Tethered Experiment for Mars inter-Planetary Operations, a CubeSat based satellite that will demonstrate artificial gravity generation using two tethered masses

Throughout 24 presentations and two debates with major Swiss media, this convention covered all subjects related to Mars exploration, from astronautics to architecture, not forgetting geology, the study of which remains its key objective.

Some 26 months after the Earth Return Vehicle is originally launched from Earth, a second vehicle, the " Mars Habitat Unit ", would be launched on a 6-month long low energy transfer trajectory to Mars, and would carry a crew of four astronauts ( the minimum number required so that the team can be split in two without leaving anyone alone ).

Since it was first proposed as a part of Mars Direct, the Mars Habitat Unit has been adopted by NASA as a part of their Mars Design Reference Mission, which utilizes two Mars Habitat Units-one of which flies to Mars unmanned, providing a dedicated laboratory facility on Mars, together with the capacity to carry a larger rover vehicle.