In 1939 Muslim leaders Isa Yusuf Alptekin and Ma Fuliang were sent by Chiang to several Middle eastern countries, including Egypt, Turkey, and Syria, to gain support for the Chinese War against Japan, and to express his support for Muslims.

Together with Loyola and five others, he founded the Society of Jesus: on 15 August 1534, in a small chapel in Montmartre, they made vows of poverty, chastity and obedience, and also vowed to convert the Muslims in the Middle East ( or, failing this, carry out the wishes of the Pope ).

Muslims and their religion have greatly impacted the political, economic, and military history of the Old World, especially the Middle East, where lies its roots.

During the Middle Ages, Muslims were in conflict with Zoroastrians during the Islamic conquest of Persia ; Christians were in conflict with Muslims during the Byzantine-Arab Wars, Crusades, Reconquista and Ottoman wars in Europe ; Christians were in conflict with Muslims during the Crusades, Reconquista and Inquisition ; Shamans were in conflict with Buddhists, Taoists, Muslims and Christians during the Mongol invasions ; and Muslims were in conflict with Hindus and Sikhs during Muslim conquest in the Indian subcontinent.

" Although Muslims, as well as Jews and Eastern Christians, had virtually no rights in the countryside, where they were essentially the property of the crusader lord who owned the land, tolerance for other faiths was in general higher than that found elsewhere in the Middle East.

The Crusades, first preached in 1095, were military attempts, by western European Christians, to regain control of the Middle Eastern Holy Land from the Muslims, and succeeded long enough to establish Christian states in the Near East.

About 13 % of Muslims live in Indonesia, the largest Muslim country, 25 % in South Asia, 20 % in the Middle East, 2 % in Central Asia, 4 % in the remaining South East Asian countries, and 15 % in Sub-saharan Africa.

Many Muslims, regardless of their ethnic background, wear Middle Eastern clothing associated with Arabic Islam to special occasions and prayers at mosques.

The attacks on the World Trade Center on September 11 have led to targeting of some Muslims and Middle Easterners as potential terrorists and, according to some, are targeted by the national government through preventive measures similar to those practiced by local law enforcement .< ref name =" murray1 "> Murray, Nancy.

In the 15th century still it was preserved in the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela the banner which guided the Galician armies to battle, red, in the centre Saint James riding a white horse and wearing a white cloak, sword in hand: The legend of the miraculous armed intervention of Saint James, disguised as a white knight to help the Christians when battling the Muslims, was a recurrent myth during the High Middle Ages.

In 2003, on notification by the Secretary-General of the United Nations Kofi Annan, about 500 Christians, Muslims, Jews and other international and interfaith tourists joined the Unification Church Middle East Peace Initiative " to such a degree that the Old Gates were opened by the Israeli police near the Wailing Wall, and by the Muslim leadership at Al Aqsa, without incident ", as the official UN-report says.

The church holds rehabilitation programs for North Korean refugees, holds Middle East peace initiatives aimed to reconcile Jews, Christians and Muslims and other peace initiatives.

In the Middle East, rioting occurred between Muslims and Jews in Jerusalem over access to the Western Wall.

His motivation for political power probably came through what he thought to be dealings with other Muslims in the Middle East, particularly Sunnis, but because of the unrest in the Holy Land caused by the Crusades, Hassan-i Sabbah found himself not only fighting for power with other Muslims, but also with the invading Christian forces.

Saracen was a term for Muslims widely used in Europe during the Middle Ages.

With many ethnic foreigners traveling to China to conduct trade or live permanently, there came many foreign religions ; religious minorities in China included Middle Eastern Muslims, the Kaifeng Jews, and Persian Manichaeans.

In the Middle Ages Teruel possessed a prominent Jewish community, which was robust during the centuries Muslims were in power and enjoyed several privileges.

Zakaria Botros begins his television and internet mission to Muslims in North Africa, the Middle East, Central Asia, and western countries, resulting in thousands of conversions.

The children's classes run from pre-school through Middle School and are all taught by both Muslims & Jews in their native languages.

* 1990 – More than 127 Muslims are killed in North East Sri Lanka by paramilitary troops.

Greater London has over 600, 000 Muslims, ( most of South Asian origins and concentrated in the East London boroughs of Newham, Tower Hamlets and Waltham Forest ), and among them are some Muslims with a strong Islamist outlook.

Stalin supported the Turkic Muslims known today as Uyghur in seeking their own state, Second East Turkestan Republic during the Ili Rebellion against the Republic of China.

After independence of Pakistan, large number of Punjabi Muslims from East Punjab, Kashmiri Muslims from the Kashmir Valley, and Gujarati Muslims settle in Karachi.

At the University of Paris he advocated the establishment of chairs for Eastern languages to teach these languages to those who would labour for the conversion of the Muslims and the reunion of the schismatic churches in the East.

The effect was the religious migration of Punjabi Sikhs and Hindus from West Punjab, mirroring a similar religious migration of Punjabi Muslims in East Punjab.

For instance, Radhanites were a medieval guild or group ( the precise meaning of the word is lost to history ) of Jewish merchants who traded between the Christians in Europe and the Muslims of the Near East.

Former East Punjab was integrated with Indian administration, and millions of Punjabi Muslims were expelled to be replaced by the Sikh and Hindu population.

* Guangzhou, China, becomes a major international seaport, hosting maritime travelers from Egypt, East Africa, Arabia, Persia, India, Sri Lanka, and South East Asia, including Muslims, Jews, Hindus, and Nestorian Christians.

date according to some Muslims, he is believed to have survived crucifixion and migrated towards the East where he died naturally of old age and is believed to be buried at the Roza Bal shrine in Srinagar, Kashmir )

Fulani Muslims migrated to Fouta Djallon in Central Guinea and established an Islamic state from 1735 to 1898 with a written Constitution and alternate rulers.

), Central Africa ( Chad, Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea ) and northwestern Sudan, particularly amongst Muslims.

The Kuomintang incited anti Yan Xishan and Feng Yuxiang sentiments among Chinese Muslims and Mongols, encouraging for them to topple their rule during the Central Plains War.

In 1212, a coalition of Christian kings under the leadership of Alfonso VIII of Castile drove the Muslims from Central Iberia.

Their ideology centers on defending Russian national identity against what they perceive as a takeover by minority groups such as Jews, Caucasians, homosexuals, Central Asians, Roma people and Muslims.

For example, many West Asian and Central Asian Muslims went to China to trade, becoming a preeminent force in the import and export industry, while some were even appointed as officers supervising economic affairs.

Category: Central African former Muslims

" At the time of the opening of the Islamic Central Institute, there were an estimated 3, 000 Muslims in Germany, including 400 German converts.

The Islamic Central Institute gave the Muslims in Germany institutional ties to the ' Third Reich '.

* Central fountains used for ablutions ( once used as a wudu area for Muslims ).

When British Muslims were asked to decide whether they were loyal to the Allies ( Britain and France ) or the Central Powers ( Germany and Turkey ), Pickthall said he was ready to be a combatant for his country so long as he did not have to fight the Turks.

It was during this time when Spain and many parts of Africa and Central Asia were brought under the Muslim rule and war was continue and Muslims were not in position to start a new expidation.

* In Serbia, the census of 2002 that covered Central Serbia and Vojvodina ( but not Kosovo ) registered 19, 503 Muslims by nationality and 136, 087 Bosniaks.

This is one possible motivation for the entry into the war, another being the " pan-Turkic " ideology of the party which emphasized the Empire's manifest destiny of ruling over the Muslims of Central Asia once Russia was driven out of that region.

Kanuri became Muslims in the 11th century, Kanem became a centre of Muslim learning and the Kanuri soon controlled all the area surrounding Lake Chad and a powerful empire called Kanem-Bornu Empire which reached its height in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries when they ruled much of Central Africa.

* Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of Central Asia and Kazakhstan

Hundreds of thousands of Muslims immigrants were recruited and forcibly relocated from Western and Central Asia by the Mongols to help them administer their rapidly expanding empire.

Muslims live predominantly in the areas that border Central Asia, Tibet and Mongolia, i. e. Xinjiang, Ningxia, Gansu and Qinghai, which is known as the " Quran Belt ".

* Forbes, Andrew, Warlords and Muslims in Chinese Central Asia ( Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986 ; republished Bangkok: White Lotus, 2010 )

According to the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, at the end of 2005, the population of the district stood at 858, 000, of which 71. 27 % are Jewish, 18. 81 % are Arab Muslims, 1. 78 % are Arab Christians, 2. 52 % are Druze, and 4. 9 % are " not classified by religion ", and grew at an average annual rate of 0. 8 %.

With the influx of Muslims from India and Pakistan in the 60s and 70s, larger buildings were acquired in 1974 and 1982 to become the main mosque in Leeds, and finally in 2001 the Central Jamia Mosque was completed on Spencer Place.