This is an idealized mathematical model: real physical Diesels do have an increase in pressure during this period, but it is less pronounced than in the Otto cycle.

The idealized Otto cycle of a gasoline engine approximates constant volume during that phase, generating more of a spike in a p-V diagram.

The formula is more complex than the Otto cycle ( petrol / gasoline engine ) relation that has the following formula ;

Comparing the two formulae it can be seen that for a given compression ratio (), the ideal Otto cycle will be more efficient.

And the ideal Otto cycle formula stated above does not include throttling losses, which do not apply to Diesel engines.

This is in contrast to igniting it with a spark plug as in the Otto cycle ( four-stroke / petrol ) engine.

The diesel internal combustion engine differs from the gasoline powered Otto cycle by using highly compressed hot air to ignite the fuel rather than using a spark plug ( compression ignition rather than spark ignition ).

The Otto cycle in 1877 was capable of giving a far higher power to weight ratio than steam engines and worked much better for many transportation applications such as cars and aircraft.

The lightweight petrol internal combustion engine, operating on a four-stroke Otto cycle, has been the most successful for light automobiles, while the more efficient Diesel engine is used for trucks and buses.

In thermodynamics, heat engines are often modeled using a standard engineering model such as the Otto cycle.

** Otto cycle ( e. g. Gasoline / Petrol engine, high-speed diesel engine )

* Four-stroke engine ( Otto cycle )

Four-stroke cycle ( or Otto cycle ) 1.

In thermodynamic terms it follows the Otto engine cycle, so may be thought of as a " four-phase " engine.

Idealised Pressure volume diagram | P / V diagram for two-stroke Otto cycle

Idealised Pressure volume diagram | Pressure / volume diagram of the Otto cycle showing combustion heat input Qp and waste exhaust output Qo, the power stroke is the top curved line, the bottom is the compression stroke

Engines based on the four-stroke (" Otto cycle ") have one power stroke for every four strokes ( up-down-up-down ) and employ spark plug ignition.

Otto cycle:

Otto cycle is the typical cycle for most of the cars internal combustion engines, that work using gasoline as a fuel.

Otto cycle is exactly the same one that was described for the four-stroke engine.

PV diagram for Otto cycle

The systems capture the wasted heat of the four-stroke Otto cycle with an injection of air or water.

After a comparison of the substances half-lives determined by Debierne, Hariett Brooks in 1904, and Otto Hahn and Otto Sackur in 1905, Debierne's chosen name for the new element was retained because it had seniority.

* 982 – Holy Roman Emperor Otto II is defeated by the Saracens in the battle of Capo Colonna, in Calabria

In 936, Otto I was crowned king of the kingdom in the collegiate church built by Charlemagne.

Three separate sources were combined to form fr. 350, as mentioned above, including a prose paraphrase from Strabo that first needed to be restored to its original meter, a synthesis achieved by the united efforts of Otto Hoffmann, Karl Otfried Muller and Franz Heinrich Ludolf Ahrens.

From 1850 onwards he became well known as a critic and essay-writer, and in 1860 he began working on his magnum opus, his History of Music, which was published at intervals from 1862 in five volumes, the last two ( 1878, 1882 ) being edited and completed by Otto Kade and Wilhelm Langhans.

His brothers were equally willing to save the dowager queen, but Otto got an army into the field: they subsequently met at the old Lombard capital of Pavia and were married in 951 ; he was crowned emperor in Rome, 2 February 962 by Pope John XII, and, most unusually, she was crowned empress at the same ceremony.

When her husband Otto I died in 973 he was succeeded by their son Otto II, and Adelaide for some years exercised a powerful influence at court.

Later, however, her daughter-in-law, the Byzantine princess Theophano, turned her husband Otto II against his mother, and she was driven from court in 978 ; she lived partly in Italy, and partly with her brother Conrad, king of Burgundy, by whose mediation she was ultimately reconciled to her son ; in 983 Otto appointed her as his viceroy in Italy.

She was transformed by her therapy with Otto Rank, who broke with Freud over his failure to appreciate the power of women's sexuality, the value of art, and the meaning of the mother-child relationship.

The Black Forest was visited on several occasions by Count Otto von Bismarck during his rule 1873-1890.

The Bishopric of Brandenburg was a Roman Catholic diocese established by Otto the Great in 948, including the territory between the Elbe on the west, the Oder on the east, and the Schwarze Elster on the south, and taking in the Uckermark to the north.

Philip Augustus of France defeated an army consisting of Imperial German, English and Flemish soldiers, led by Otto IV of Germany.

The defeat was so decisive that Otto was deposed and replaced by Frederick II Hohenstaufen, Ferrand and Renaud were captured and imprisoned and King John of England was forced to sign the Magna Carta by his discontented barons.

The campaign was designed by John, who was the fulcrum of the alliances ; his plan being to draw the French away from Paris southward against himself and keep him occupied, while the main army, under Emperor Otto IV, marched on Paris from the north.

Otto was surprised by the speed of his enemy and was thought to have been caught unprepared by the King of France ( which has probably attracted the emperor in this piège ).

Meanwhile, Otto stood surrounded by 50 German knights.

Here too the Imperial forces suffered defeat, Otto himself being saved only by the devotion of a handful of Saxon knights.

In the aftermath of the battle, Otto retreated to his castle of Harzburg and was soon overthrown as Holy Roman Emperor, and replaced by Frederick II.

Later, Bruno entered a monastery near Ravenna, founded by Otto, and underwent severe ascetic training under the guidance of St. Romuald.

With Otto Graham and most of the other original Browns in retirement, by 1957 the team was struggling to replenish its ranks.