However, if the ka was not properly prepared, this journey could be fraught with dangerous pitfalls and strange demons ; hence some of the earliest religious texts discovered, such as the Papyrus of Ani ( commonly known as The Book of the Dead ) and the Pyramid Texts were actually written as guides to help the deceased successfully navigate the duat.

In the Papyrus of Ani copy of the Egyptian Book of the Dead the scribe proclaims " I am thy writing palette, O Thoth, and I have brought unto thee thine ink-jar.

A section of the Papyrus of Ani showing cursive hieroglyphs

* " Papyrus of Ani: Egyptian Book of the Dead ", Sir Wallis Budge, NuVision Publications, page 57, 2007.

One aspect of ancient Egyptian funerary literature which often is mistaken for a codified ethic of Maat is Spell ( Chapter ) 125 of the Book of the Dead or Papyrus of Ani ( known to the ancient Egyptians as The Book of Going Forth by Day ).

The doctrine of Maat is represented in the declarations to Rekhti-merti-f-ent-Maat and the 42 Negative Confessions listed in the Papyrus of Ani.

" The Assessors of Maat " are the 42 deities listed in the Papyrus of Nebseni, to whom the deceased make the Negative Confession in the Papyrus of Ani.

The Egyptian Book of the Dead: ( The Papyrus of Ani ) Egyptian Text Transliteration and Translation.

Hathor as a cow, wearing her necklace and showing her sacred eye – Papyrus of Ani.

Very early examples are Epic of Gilgamesh, in its Sumerian version predating 2000 BC, and the Egyptian Book of the Dead written down in the Papyrus of Ani in approximately 1250 BC but probably dates from about the 18th century BC.

The mystical Spell 17, from the Papyrus of Ani.

A close-up of the Papyrus of Ani, showing the cursive hieroglyphs of the text

For instance, in the Papyrus of Ani, the name " Ani " appears at the top or bottom of a column, or immediately following a rubric introducing him as the speaker of a block of text ; the name appears in a different handwriting to the rest of the manuscript, and in some places is mis-spelt or omitted entirely.

Wallis, The Egyptian Book of the Dead, ( The Papyrus of Ani ), Egyptian Text, Transliteration, and Translation.

The First Authentic Presentation of the Complete Papyrus of Ani.

Hathor as a cow, wearing her necklace and showing her sacred eye – Papyrus of Ani.

* Budge, E. A. W., The Book of the Dead: The Papyrus of Ani ( London: British Museum / Longmans & Co., 1895 / reprinted N. Y .: Dover, 1967 ).

Hathor showing her sacred eye inherited from Wedjat — depicted in the Papyrus of Ani

Illustration from Papyrus of Ani at the British Museum.

The " Book of the Dead " for scribe Ani from Thebes is the manuscript called the Papyrus of Ani.

* Maat: 42 Negative Confessions ( Papyrus of Ani )

You are the Ark in which is found the golden vessel containing the true manna, that is, the flesh in which Divinity resides " ( Homily of the Papyrus of Turin ).

Papyrus is what he called ' Space Binding '.

The Rylands Library Papyrus P52, which records a fragment of this gospel, is usually dated to the first half of the 2nd century.

The Rylands Library Papyrus P52 | Rylands Papyrus is perhaps the earliest New Testament fragment ; dated from its handwriting to about 125.

Probably the earliest surviving New Testament manuscript, Rylands Library Papyrus P52 is a Greek papyrus fragment discovered in Egypt in 1920 ( now at the John Rylands Library, Manchester ).

In the earliest surviving gospel collection, Papyrus 45 of the 3rd century, it is placed second in the order Matthew, John, Luke and Mark, an order which is also found in other very early New Testament manuscripts.

Imhotep in the 3rd dynasty is sometimes credited with being the founder of ancient Egyptian medicine and with being the original author of the Edwin Smith Papyrus, detailing cures, ailments and anatomical observations.

The Edwin Smith Papyrus is regarded as a copy of several earlier works and was written c. 1600 BC.

Papyrus scrolls comprised the collection, and although codices were used after 300 BC, the Alexandrian Library is never documented as having switched to parchment, perhaps because of its strong links to the papyrus trade.

Opium is mentioned in the most important medical texts of the ancient world, including the Ebers Papyrus and the writings of Dioscorides, Galen, and Avicenna.

Although it is attested to be a part of the rituals by a version of the Papyrus Jumilhac, in which it took Isis 12 days to reassemble the pieces, coinciding with the festival of ploughing.

Papyrus () is a thick paper-like material produced from the pith of the papyrus plant, Cyperus papyrus, a wetland sedge that was once abundant in the Nile Delta of Egypt.

Papyrus is first known to have been used in ancient Egypt ( at least as far back as the First Dynasty ), but it was also used throughout the Mediterranean region.

Papyrus was replaced in Europe by the cheaper, locally produced products parchment and vellum, of significantly higher durability in moist climates, though Henri Pirenne's connection of its disappearance with the Muslim overrunning of Egypt is contended.

Papyrus is also the etymon of ' paper ', a similar substance.

Papyrus is made from the stem of the papyrus plant, Cyperus papyrus.

Papyrus is still used by communities living in the vicinity of swamps, to the extent that rural householders derive up to 75 % of their income from swamp goods.

Papyrus is also used to make roofs, ceilings, rope and fences.

* Yale Papyrus Collection — numbers over six thousand inventoried items and is cataloged, digitally scanned, and accessible online for close study.

* How Papyrus Paper is being made

This Papyrus today is the oldest source to the Second Epistle of Peter

* c. 1650 BC — The Rhind Mathematical Papyrus is produced.