* 1943 – World War II: The discovery of a mass grave of Polish prisoners of war killed by Soviet forces in the Katyń Forest Massacre is announced, causing a diplomatic rift between the Polish government in exile in London from the Soviet Union, which denies responsibility.

* 1980 – After two weeks of nationwide strikes, the Polish government was forced to sign the Gdańsk Agreement, allowing for the creation of the trade union Solidarity.

The Polish government did not trust Hitler's promises and refused to accept Germany's demands.

The decision to build a major seaport at the Gdynia village was made by the Polish government in the winter of 1920, in the midst of the Polish-Soviet War ( 1919 – 1920 ).

To speed up the construction works, the Polish government in November 1924 signed a contract with the French-Polish Consortium for Gdynia Seaport Construction, which by the end of 1925 had built a small seven-metre-deep harbour, the south pier, part of the north pier, a railway, and had also ordered the trans-shipment equipment.

Some 50, 000 Polish citizens, who after 1920 had been brought into the area by the Polish government after the decision to enlarge the harbour was made, were expelled into the General Government.

The only minority language with a significant number of speakers ( 5. 4 %) was Polish ( a figure that rises to over 6 % when including Kashubian, Masurian, and other forms classified by the Imperial government as separate languages but today more often considered variants of Polish ).

Despite the significant resources mobilized and self-sacrifice of the participants, a series of missteps by several successive unwilling or incompetent chief commanders appointed by the Polish government ultimately led to the defeat of the insurgents by the Russian army.

On the ground in Poland in October – November the final upsurge of the push for independence was taking place, with Ignacy Daszyński heading a short-lived Polish government in Lublin from November 6.

The successful outcome of the Polish – Soviet War gave Poland a false sense of being a major and self-sufficient military power, and the government a justification for trying to resolve international problems through imposed unilateral solutions.

On May 12, 1926, Piłsudski, prompted by mutinous units seeking his leadership and intent on preventing the three-time prime minister Wincenty Witos of the peasant Polish People's Party from forming another coalition, staged a military overthrow of the Polish government, confronting President Stanisław Wojciechowski and overpowering the troops loyal to him.

The mainstream of the Polish society was not affected by the repressions of the Sanation authorities ; many enjoyed the relative prosperity ( the economy improved between 1926 and 1929 ) and supported the government.

In 1939, the Polish government rejected the German offer of forming an alliance on terms which would amount to an end or severe curtailment of Poland's sovereignty ; Hitler abrogated the Polish-German pact.

Stalin also stated that the Polish government-in-exile demands for self-rule were not negotiable, such that the Soviet Union would keep the territory of eastern Poland they had already taken by invasion with German consent in 1939, and wanted the pro-Soviet Polish government installed.

" One month after Yalta, the Soviet NKVD arrested 16 Polish leaders wishing to participate in provisional government negotiations, for alleged " crimes " and " diversions ", which drew protest from the West.

Soon after the book was published in the US, Kosiński was accused by the then-Communist Polish government of being anti-Polish, especially following the regime's 1968 anti-Semitic campaign.

" As intended by Ribbentrop, the narrow time limit for acceptance of the " final offer " made it impossible for the British government to contact the Polish government in time about the German offer, let alone for the Poles to arrange for a Polish plenipotentiary envoy to arrive in Berlin that night, thereby allowing Ribbentrop to claim that the Poles had rejected the German " final offer ".

Together with the leaders of the independence movement, the exile community included the greatest Polish literary and artistic minds, including the Romantic poets Adam Mickiewicz, Juliusz Słowacki, Cyprian Norwid, and composer Frédéric Chopin.

" I think it contributed to his death ," said Zbigniew Brzezinski, a friend and fellow Polish exile.

* 1939 – General Władysław Sikorski becomes commander-in-chief of the Polish Government in exile.

During World War II, PSL took part in forming the Polish government in exile.

Through the Polish nobles whom Russia controlled and the Russian Minister to Warsaw, ambassador and Prince Nicholas Repnin, Empress Catherine the Great forced a constitution on the Commonwealth at the so-called Repnin Sejm of 1767, named after ambassador Repnin, who de facto dictated the terms of that Sejm ( and who ordered the capture and exile of some vocal opponents of his policies to Kaluga in Russian Empire., including bishop Józef Andrzej Załuski and others ).

Most of Żegota's funds came directly from the Polish government, then in exile.

* Tadeusz Kościuszko ( 1746 – 1817 ), Polish hero ; lived in exile in Solothurn

Between the 1860s and 1917, the town was a place of political exile, with some of the more prominent exiles including the Polish writer Wacław Sieroszewski, as well as Bolshevik revolutionaries Ivan Babushkin and Viktor Nogin.

Soon after, he was forced by the barons of Poland to recall from exile in Hungary his nephew and rightful heir to the Polish throne, Mieszko Bolesławowic.

It was loyal to the Polish government in exile and constituted the armed wing of what became known as the " Polish Underground State.

Due to its ties with the Polish government in exile, the Armia Krajowa was viewed by the Soviet Union as a major obstacle to its takeover of the country.

According to the Polish government in exile, AK was to be a non-political, nationwide resistance organization.

In the latter book, Irving claimed that the plane crash which killed Polish government in exile leader General Władysław Sikorski in 1943 was really an assassination ordered by Winston Churchill, so as to enable Churchill to betray Poland to the Soviet Union.

This office may have been involved as a test project office for the Lockheed U-2, with whom Fort Walton Beach resident, World War II exile Polish pilot, and CIA officer, Ksawery Wyrożemski was involved.

Browning recommended that Sosabowski be replaced and in December the Polish government in exile duly dismissed him in a move almost certainly made under British pressure.

The chronicle of Thietmar of Merseburg, who died in 1018, could have been regarded as the only contemporary and unbiased account of events, if it were not for the fact that Thietmar's data could have been supplied by Svyatopolk himself during his brief exile at the Polish court.

* Marian Kukiel, ( 1885 – 1972 ) Polish General and Minister for War in exile during World War II

A few of the notable visitors to the region: Elisabeth of Bavaria, empress of Austria-Hungary, 1837-1898 ( who travelled to the island for leisure and health ), Charles I of Austria, Emperor Austria and King of Hungary, 1867 – 1918, Polish Field Marshal Józef Piłsudski in order to recuperate his health, Winston Churchill ( who travelled here on holidays and was known to have painted a few paintings during his visits ) and Fulgencio Batista ( who stopped-over en-route to his exile in Spain ).

In the case of the Polish Pavilion, most of the items were sold by the Polish Government in exile in London to the Polish Museum of America and shipped to Chicago.

Casimir is the only Polish king who both received and kept the title of the Great in Polish history ( Bolesław I Chrobry is also called the Great, but his title Chrobry ( Valiant ) is now more common ).

The successor of B3-21, the Elektronika B3-34 wasn't backward compatible with B3-21, even if it kept the reverse Polish notation ( RPN ).

While there was no separate Polish state at all, the idea of Polish independence was kept alive throughout the 19th century and led to more Polish uprisings and other warfare against the partitioning powers.

794 / B ) to Stalin in which he stated that the Polish prisoners of war kept at camps and prisons in western Belarus and Ukraine were enemies of the Soviet Union, and recommended their execution.

On March 5, 1940, in what would later be known as the Katyn massacre, orders were signed to execute 25, 700 Polish POWs, labeled " nationalists and counterrevolutionaries ", kept at camps and prisons in occupied western Ukraine and Belarus.

While the only recent war experience of the Prussian Army was in the War of the Polish Succession ( Rhine campaign of 1733 – 1735 ) it had largely been kept out of combat, since Prussia was not fully trusted by Austria.

The Norwegian armed forces, together with allied British, French and Polish forces, kept up an organized military resistance for two months, longer than any other country invaded by Germany, except for the Soviet Union.

This union considerably benefitted German-Polish relations ; on the occasion of the wedding, Emperor Henry IV commissioned to the St. Emmeram's Abbey the creation of Gospel Books to the Polish court, now kept in the library of the chapter in the Kraków Cathedral.

The Magic Sword had all new graphics ( no images from the Polish Talisman were kept, except for the re-edition of Cave, as all expansions were re-released under new names ) which wasn't received very well as compared to Talisman.

He was forced to stop work at the station when the power station that kept Polish Radio running was destroyed by German bombs.

Being European Cup winners for the fifth time, Liverpool kept the trophy and received the UEFA badge of honour, and as a tribute to Dudek's heroics, a group of Liverpool fans, the Trophy Boyz, recorded a successful novelty single called ' Du the Dudek '; he became the third Polish footballer after Zbigniew Boniek ( with Juventus FC ) and fellow goalkeeper Józef Młynarczyk ( F. C.

Nevertheless, hopes for restoration of Polish independence were kept alive throughout the 19th century by events within and outside the Polish lands.

The Polish educational system was similarly kept, but most higher institutions were closed.

The Polish local administration was kept, subordinated to new German bosses.

The Polish fiscal system, including the złoty currency, was kept, but with revenues now going to the German state.

On March 5, 1940, pursuant to a note to Stalin from Lavrenty Beria, the members of the Soviet Politburo ( including Stalin ) signed an order to execute 25, 700 Polish POWs, labeled " nationalists and counterrevolutionaries ", kept at camps and prisons in occupied western Ukraine and Belarus.

The former Foreign Minister of Poland Władysław Bartoszewski in his speech at the ceremony of the 60th anniversary of the liberation of the concentration camp at Auschwitz-Birkenau, 27 January 2005, said: " The Polish resistance movement kept informing and alerting the free world to the situation.

Siliniez is a pagan wood-god from Polish mythology for whom moss was sacred ; his altar fire was kept burning only with moss.

With the outbreak of The Silesian Uprising, Hochberg sided firmly with the German cause and afforded the land to German paramilitary organizations, even for prison, where Polish prisoners were kept.