* The Pontifical Biblical Commission: The Jewish People and their Sacred Scriptures in the Christian Bible

The Roman Curia can be loosely compared to cabinets in governments of countries with a Western form of governance, but only the Second Section of the Secretariat of State, known also as the Section for Relations with States, the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State and the Congregation for Catholic Education, can be directly compared with specific ministries of a civil government.

The Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Health Care Workers was set up by the Motu Proprio Dolentium Hominum of 11 February 1985, by Pope John Paul II who reformed the Pontifical Commission for the Pastoral Assistance to Health Care Workers into its present form in 1988.

Laocoön and his Sons in the Vatican Museums | Vatican which is among the works under the care of the Pontifical Commission for the Cultural Heritage of the Church

The Pontifical Commission for the Cultural Heritage of the Church is an institution that guardians the historical and artistic patrimony of the entire Church which includes works of art, historical documents, books, everything kept in museums as well as the libraries and archives.

The Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei is a commission of the Roman Catholic Church established by Pope John Paul II's motu proprio Ecclesia Dei of 2 July 1988 for the care of those former followers of Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre who broke with him as a result of his consecration of four priests of his Society of St. Pius X as bishops on 30 June 1988, an act the Holy See deemed illicit and schismatic.

Good Shepherd fresco from the Catacombs of San Callisto under the care of the Pontifical Commission for Sacred Archeology

The Pontifical Commission for Sacred Archaeology was created by Pius IX ( 6 January 1852 ) " to take care of the ancient sacred cemeteries, look after their preventive preservation, further explorations, research and study, and also safeguard the oldest mementos of the early Christian centuries, the outstanding monuments and venerable Basilicas in Rome, in the Roman suburbs and soil, and in the other Dioceses in agreement with the respective Ordinaries ".

The Pontifical Biblical Commission is a consultative body of scholars placed under the authority of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, with duties:

An example is the Standing Interdicasterial Commission for the Church in Eastern Europe, which replaced the earlier Pontifical Commission for Russia.

The Pontifical Commission for Latin America is a dicastery of the Roman Curia.

The pope delegates legislative authority for the state to the unicameral Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State.

The President of the Pontifical Commission is also the President of the Governorate of Vatican City, to whom the pope delegates executive authority for the state.

* Edmund Cardinal Szoka, Cardinal, President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State

The Pope urged bishops to give " a wide and generous application " to the provisions of Quattuor abhinc annos, and established the Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei to oversee relations between Rome and Traditionalist Catholics.

In September 2006, the Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei established the Institute of the Good Shepherd, made up of former members of the Society of St. Pius X, in Bordeaux, France, with permission to use the Tridentine liturgy.

For example the president of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue is also the prefect of the Commission for Religious Relations with Muslims.

Responsibility for the Christian catacombs lies with the Pontifical Commission of Sacred Archaeology ( Pontificia Commissione di Archeologia Sacra ), which directs excavations and restorations.

* The Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei The Vatican department which deals with relations with traditionalists

* 1966 Consultant to the Pontifical Commission on Justice and Peace

Since then, the Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei has been in dialogue with the Society of St. Pius X to resolve matters of doctrine and discipline in question.

The Fundamental Law of Vatican City State requires that appointees to the state's legislative body, the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State, be cardinals.

The Pontifical Biblical Commission issued a decree ratified by Pope Pius X on June 30, 1909 stating that special creation applies to humans and not other species.

* Fleming was a member of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences.

In 1978 he was elected to the Pontifical Academy of Sciences.

In 1902, under Leo XIII, a commission under the presidency of Monsignor Louis Duchesne was appointed to consider the Breviary, the Missal, the Pontifical and the Ritual.

He was made director of the journal Gregorianum and appointed consultor at the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue.

A second conference was held from 6 – 8 November 2008 by the Pontifical Academy of Life.

Under his reign Michelangelo re-built the basilica of Santa Maria degli Angeli ( in the Diocletian's Baths ) and the eponymous Villa Pia, now known as Casina Pio IV and headquarters of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, was designed by Pirro Ligorio in the Vatican Gardens.

The Pontifical Council for Dialogue with Non-Believers was merged with the Pontifical Council for Culture in 1993.

The present Academy was created as the Pontifical Academy of Ecclesiastical Nobles in 1701 by the abbot Pietro Garagni.

The Pontifical Academy of Sciences was founded by the Roman Catholic Church in 1936 under its current name by Pope Pius XI and is placed under the protection of the reigning Pope.

The Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences was established by Pope John Paul II on 1 January 1994 ( AAS 86, 213 ), with the aim of promoting the study and progress of the social sciences, primarily economics, sociology, law and political science.

Cardine was employed as a teacher of palaeography and semiology by the Vatican from 1952 to 1984 at the Pontifical Institute of Sacred Music in Rome.

The Papal State ( s ), the State ( s ) of the Church, the Pontifical States, the Ecclesiastical States, or the Roman States (, also Stato della Chiesa, Stati della Chiesa, Stati Pontifici, and Stato Ecclesiastico ;, also Dicio Pontificia ) were among the major historical states of Italy from roughly the 6th century until the Italian peninsula was unified in 1861 by the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia ( after which the Papal States, in less territorially extensive form, continued to exist until 1870 ).

The title of Pontifical University was granted by Pope Paul VI in 1972.

The University's Pontifical Charter was granted by Pope Leo XIII in 1889.

Prior to that appointment, Foley was President Emeritus of Pontifical Council for Social Communications and Titular Archbishop of Neapolis in Proconsulari.

UNAM was founded on 22 September 1910 by Justo Sierra < ref name =" sorbonne ">< ref name =" garciadiego "> as a liberal alternative to the Roman Catholic-sponsored Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico ( founded on 21 September 1551 by a royal decree of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and brought to a definitive closure in 1867 by the liberals ).

The university was founded on 22 September 1910 by Justo Sierra, then Minister of Education in the Porfirio Díaz regime, who sought to create a very different institution from its 19th-century precursor, the Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico, which had been founded on 21 September 1551 by a royal decree signed by Crown Prince Phillip on behalf of Charles I of Spain and brought to a definitive closure in 1867 by Benito Juárez and his fellow Liberals.

A critical edition of De orto scientiarum was published by Albert G. Judy, for the The Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies in 1976.

He held membership in all these congregations and of the council before resigning from the governance of the Archdiocese of Boston, and at that time was also a member of the Pontifical Council for Culture.

In 1936 he was appointed member of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences.

He has been a member of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences since 1994. He was awarded the Telesio-Galilei Academy Award in 2011 for Biology.