Numerous significant Punic cities, such as those in Mauretania, were taken over and rebuilt by the Romans.

In 167 BCE, Dodona was destroyed by the Romans ( led by Aemilius Paulus ), but was later rebuilt by Emperor Augustus in 31 BCE.

In 70 AD the castellum was rebuilt, and the Romans remained until 402 AD, with an interruption lasting from about 275-300 AD.

While Pyrrhus had been campaigning against the Carthaginians, the Romans rebuilt their army by calling up thousands of fresh recruits.

Herod ruled the Province of Judea as a client-king of the Romans, rebuilt the Second Temple ( see also Herod's Temple ), upgraded the surrounding complex, and expanded the minting of coins to many denominations.

Surrounded and cut off by the Romans, they rebuilt the city walls, and used a light flotilla to demoralize commerce and interrupt the grain supply to Rome from Alexandria.

Case, have noted that Nazareth is only about 6 kilometres from the city of Tzippori ( ancient " Sepphoris "), which was destroyed by the Romans in 4 BC, and thereafter was expensively rebuilt.

Carpentras was a commercial site used by Greek merchants in ancient times, and known to Romans at first as Carpentoracte Meminorum, mentioned by Pliny, then renamed Forum Neronis (" Forum of Nero "); the city retains an impressive Roman triumphal arch, that has been enclosed by the bishops ' palace, rebuilt in 1640, now a law court, and a machicolated city gate, the Porte d ' Orange.

The area is an earthquake zone and the city was built and rebuilt by a succession of Spartans, Phrygians, Ionians, Lydians, Persians and Ancient Romans.

The Romans acquired the area in the 1st century AD, rebuilt and encamped Tyras and Aliobrix.

), and as a result was not rebuilt by the Romans.

Apt was at one time the chief town of the Vulgientes, a Gallic tribe ; it was destroyed by the Romans about 125 BC and restored by Julius Caesar, who conferred upon it the title Apta Julia ; it was much injured by the Lombards and the Saracens, but its fortifications were rebuilt by the counts of Provence.

The Romans called the city Macissus, and after the city was rebuilt by the Byzantine Emperor Justinian ( 527-565 ), it was renamed Justinianopolis.

Ten years later, the Romans sent another expedition in the area against Demetrius of Pharos, who had rebuilt the Illyrian navy and engaged in piracy up into the Aegean.

The Romans rebuilt the road as via XVIII or Via Nova and refounded the Celtiberian port as Iria Flavia (" Flavian Iria ") to complement Vespasian.

* 70 – Jewish revolts against the Romans caused the Roman General Titus, later who became Caesar, to besiege the city.

There is some documentary proof that the Romans named the hot sulfur springs of Aachen Aquis-Granum, and indeed to this day the city is known in Italian as Aquisgrana, in Spanish as Aquisgrán and in Polish as Akwizgran.

The Romans add that about the time Romulus started to build the city, an eclipse of the Sun was observed by Antimachus, the Teian poet, on the 30th day of the lunar month.

Between 132 and 135 the city was reoccupied by the Romans after its capture during the Bar Kokhba revolt.

In about 15 BC, the Romans redrew the town as a castrum ( Roman military camp ) centred on the " Mons Taber ", a little hill near the contemporary city hall ( Plaça de Sant Jaume ).

Its location is remarkable as the Aventine is situated outside the pomerium, i. e. original territory of the city, in order to comply with the tradition that Diana was a goddess common to all Latins and not exclusively of the Romans.

Diocletian soon grew impatient with the city, as the Romans acted towards him with what Edward Gibbon, following Lactantius, calls " licentious familiarity ".

With Consular armies destroyed in two major battles, and Hannibal approaching Rome's gates, the Romans feared the imminent destruction of their city.

He placed guards at the gates of the city to stop the frightened Romans from fleeing, and regulated mourning activities.

While the Romans did not wish to come to the aid of soldiers who had unjustly stolen a city from its rightful possessors, and although they were still recovering from the insurrection of Campanian troops at Rhegium in 271, many were also unwilling to see Carthaginian power in Sicily expand even further.

Although the Romans won a clear victory over the Carthaginian relief force at the Battle of Agrigentum, the Carthaginian army defending the city managed to escape.

Agrigentum, now lacking any real defenses, fell easily to the Romans, who then sacked the city and enslaved the populace.

The Romans also moved in the north by marching across the northern coast toward Panormus, but were not able to take the city.

The Romans attacked this city after taking Kephalodon in 251 BC.

His landing at Heirkte ( near Panormus ) drew the Romans away to defend that port city and resupply point and gave Drepana some breathing room.

Before the gates of the city the Romans defeated the Persians ( Battle of Ctesiphon ), driving them back into the city.

Their city, seized by the Romans in 47 BC, lies in the ancient Roman province of Gallia Lugdunensis.

" Expressions in the Odes of Horace seem to imply that Maecenas was deficient in the robustness of fibre which Romans liked to imagine was characteristic of their city.

St. Ignatius of Antioch wrote shortly after Clement and in his letter from the city of Smyrna to the Romans he said he would not command them as Peter and Paul did.

Much of the city still boasted intact buildings and monuments from ancient Roman times, but Boniface razed it anyway, even spreading salt on the site as the Romans did in Carthage 1500 years before.

In the end it allowed him to defeat the Romans in the field, but not in the strategically crucial city of Rome itself, thus making him unable to win the war.

Traditional stories handed down by the ancient Romans themselves explain the earliest history of their city in terms of legend and myth.

According to the legend, the Gauls offered to deliver Rome back to its people for a thousand pounds of gold, but the Romans refused, preferring to take back their city by force of arms rather than ever admitting defeat, after which the Romans recovered the city in the same year.

The defeat and death of Adolf of Nassau at the hands of Albert of Habsburg also worked to the disadvantage of the English, for all the efforts to revive the anti-French coalition came to nothing when Philip made an alliance with the new king of the Romans.

Hannibal may have crossed the Alps with a herd of elephants, and the Romans had settlements in the region.

The Romans had a similar belief system about the afterlife, with Hades becoming known as Pluto.

According to Romans 9 – 11, supporters claim, Jewish election as the chosen people ceased with their national rejection of Jesus as Messiah.

After a victory over the Samnites and Lucanians near Paestum, 332 BC, he made a treaty with the Romans.

Hannibal encamped within striking distance of the Romans with the Trebia River between them, and placed a strong force of cavalry and infantry in concealment, near the battle zone.

The coast contains sufficient estuaries, inlets, rivers, islands, swamps and marshes to have been then inaccessible to those not familiar with the terrain, such as the Romans, who considered it unknown, inaccessible, with a small population and of little economic interest.

They were constantly at war with the Romans, who eventually conquered them.

Before Caesar's time they had attached themselves to the Romans, and were honoured with the title of brothers and kinsmen of the Roman people.

The word aegis is identified with protection by a strong force with its roots in Greek mythology and adopted by the Romans ; there are parallels in Norse mythology and in Egyptian mythology as well, where the Greek word aegis is applied by extension.

Although the Greeks and Romans typically scorned Egypt's animal-headed gods as bizarre and primitive ( Anubis was known to be mockingly called " Barker " by the Greeks ), Anubis was sometimes associated with Sirius in the heavens, and Cerberus in Hades.

Over the last half of the 20th century, historical and archaeological research has increasingly supported the theory that the remnants of the Celtic Boii were absorbed into the Roman Empire and later intermingled with other Germanic peoples who chose to stay ( or were stationed by the Romans ) in the area.

They retained the honour of the ancient association with the Romans, not required to pay tribute or taxes and used by the Romans only for war: " They furnished to the Empire nothing but men and arms ", Tacitus remarked.

According to Strabo, writing two centuries after the events, rather than being destroyed by the Romans like their Celtic neighbours, " the Boii were merely driven out of the regions they occupied ; and after migrating to the regions round about the Ister, lived with the Taurisci, and carried on war against the Daci until they perished, tribe and all — and thus they left their country, which was a part of Illyria, to their neighbours as a pasture-ground for sheep.

The Peucini branch of the Bastarnae first came into conflict with the Romans in the 1st century BC, when they resisted, ultimately unsuccessfully, Roman expansion into Moesia, the region on the southern bank of the Danube.

Although probably on friendly terms with the Romans in the early 1st century, there is little evidence of the Peucini until ca.

The Macedonian king had suffered a disastrous defeat at the hands of the Romans in the Second Macedonian War ( 200-197 BC ), which had reduced him from a powerful Hellenistic monarch to the status of a petty client-king with a much-reduced territory and a tiny army.

As expected, the Bastarnae attacked the vanguard in force, only to find themselves entangled in the full-scale pitched battle with the Romans that they had tried to avoid.

Under the Romans, it was a colony with the surname of Faventia, or, in full, Colonia Faventia Julia Augusta Pia Barcino or Colonia Julia Augusta Faventia Paterna Barcino.

However, the lack of manoeuvrability of the British forces, combined with lack of open-field tactics to command these numbers, put them at a disadvantage to the Romans, who were skilled at open combat due to their superior equipment and discipline.

Tacitus reports that " according to one report almost eighty thousand Britons fell " compared with only four hundred Romans.

They also use the biblical verse of Romans 10: 9 " That if you confess with your mouth, ' Jesus is Lord ', and believe in your heart that God raised him from the dead, you will be saved.