With justified bitterness the author speaks of `` what seems to me to have been an inexcusable body of ignorance about the nature of the Russian Communist movement, about the history of its diplomacy, about what had happened in the purges, and about what had been going on in Poland and the Baltic States ''.

* Da !, a Russian youth movement

At first the movement grew most in the Russian empire and eastern Europe, but soon spread to western Europe and beyond: to Argentina in 1889 ; to Canada in 1901 ; to Algeria, Chile, Japan, Mexico, and Peru in 1903 ; to Tunisia in 1904 ; and to Australia, the United States, Guinea, Indochina, New Zealand, Tonkin, and Uruguay in 1905.

Thus he supported the Irish independence movement and the anti-czarist Russian Revolution of 1917, but did not approve of Vladimir Lenin.

The collapse of the Russian Empire following the February and October Revolutions of 1917 spurred the collapse of the Grand Duchy of Finland, and the resultant power vacuum led to bitter conflict between the left-leaning labor movement, led by the Social Democrats, and more conservative non-socialists.

These developments also encouraged Finnish nationalism and cultural unity through the birth of the Fennoman movement, which bound the Finns to the domestic governmental system and led to the idea that the Finnish Grand Duchy was an increasingly autonomous part of the Russian Empire.

The power struggle between the Finnish estates and the Russian administration had given them a concrete role model and space for the labor movement.

The Stroganov movement and the icons from Nevyansk rank among the last important schools of Russian icon-painting.

In 1882, a wave of pogroms in the Russian empire motivated Zamenhof to take part in the early Zionist movement, the Hibbat Zion.

He left the movement in 1887, and in 1901 published a statement in Russian with the title Hillelism, in which he argued that the Zionist project could not solve the problems of the Jewish people.

Though Molokans are somewhat similar to the European Quakers and Mennonites — for their pacifism, communal organization, spiritual meetings, and sub-groupings — they are ethnically much closer to Doukhobors and Sabbatarians ( Subbotniki ) because they evolved from the same Russian Spiritual Christian movement of Khristovers and Ikonobors ( icon-wrestlers ), and migrated together with some intermarriage.

With the popularizing of the word nihilism by Turgenev, a new Russian political movement called the Nihilism movement adopted the term.

The third figure was the Russian Helena Blavatsky ( 1831 – 1891 ), one of the founders of the Theosophical Society, through which she propagated her religious movement of Theosophy, which itself combined a number of elements from Eastern religions like Hinduism and Buddhism with Western elements.

These developments mirrored the growth of Russian nationalism across the artistic spectrum, as part of the more general Slavophilism movement.

Among these is who is considered the patriarch of Russian geography: Mikhail Lomonosov who in the mid-1750s began working in the Department of Geography, Academy of Sciences to conduct research in Siberia, their contributions are notable in this regard, shows the soil organic origin, develops a comprehensive law on the movement of the ice that still governs the basics, thereby founding a new branch of Geography: Glaciology.

Although early Pan-Slavism had found interest among some Poles, it soon lost its appeal as the movement became dominated by Russia, and while Russian Pan-Slavists spoke of liberation of other Slavs through Russian actions, parts of Poland had been ruled by the Russian Empire since the Partitions of Poland.

Their military forces, bolstered by forced conscriptions and terror and by foreign influence and led by General Yudenich, Admiral Kolchak and General Denikin, became known as the White movement ( sometimes referred to as the " White Army "), and they controlled significant parts of the former Russian Empire for most of the war.

The 1903 rendition of medieval Russian soldiers ' use of skis to facilitate their movement during winter campaigns.

At the beginning of the twentieth century, the Jadidist movement of educated Central Asians, centered in present-day Uzbekistan, began to advocate overthrowing Russian rule.

During the Russian Civil War, he hosted gatherings of the young intellectuals who later founded the émigré Eurasianism movement.

After almost two millennia of existence of the Jewish diaspora without a national state, the Zionist movement was founded in the late 19th century by secular Jews, largely as a response by Ashkenazi Jews to rising antisemitism in Europe, exemplified by the Dreyfus affair in France and the Anti-Jewish pogroms in the Russian Empire.

The aim of the national movement is to liberate the Polish-Lithuanian-Ruthenian Commonwealth from Russian occupation.

* 1914 – The First Russian Army, led by Paul von Rennenkampf, enters East Prussia.

* 1242 – During a battle on the ice of Lake Peipus, Russian forces, led by Alexander Nevsky, rebuff an invasion attempt by the Teutonic Knights.

In the 1820s, the Russian-American Company, which administered a large portion of the North Pacific during a Russian led expansion of the fur trade, resettled many families to the Commander Islands ( currently, within the Aleutsky District of the Kamchatka Krai in Russia ) and to the Pribilof Islands ( currently in Alaska ), where there are currently established majority Aleut communities.

Similar attacks led to a humorous Russian saying, " I haven't read Pasternak, but I condemn him ".

* Bloody Sunday ( 1905 ), a massacre in Saint Petersburg, Russia that led to the 1905 and 1917 Russian Revolutions

Russian activity led to the Crimean War.

In 1654, he concluded the Treaty of Pereyaslav with the Tsardom of Russia, which led to the eventual loss of independence to the Russian Empire.

The Russian support for Ethiopia led to the advent of a Russian Red Cross mission.

On November 30, 1992, by the initiative of the President of the Russian Federation the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation recognized the Red Terror as unlawful, which in turn led to suspension of the Communist Party of the RSFSR.

The greatest cavalry charge of modern history was at the 1807 battle of Eylau, when the entire 11, 000-strong French cavalry reserve, led by Maréchal Murat, launched a huge charge on and through the Russian infantry lines.

The party led the 1917 October Revolution that overthrew the Russian Provisional Government and claimed to have established the world's first socialist state.

Because of the large local market for films in Russia, the industry there was not harmed by the war at first, although the isolation of the country led many Russian films to develop peculiarly distinctive features.

Altogether, these political developments led to conditions that encouraged a struggle for leadership of the Finnish state, during the ten years before the collapse of the Russian Empire.

Some of them, such as Mikhail Svetšnikov, led Red troops in western Finland throughout February 1918, while other officers were mistrustful of their revolutionary underlings and co-operated with their former colleague General Mannerheim, assisting the Whites in the disarmament of the Russian garrisons in Finland.

The Germans attacked Russia on 18 February ; the offensive led to a rapid collapse and retreat of the Russian troops and to signature of the first Treaty of Brest-Litovsk by the Bolsheviks on 3 March 1918.

Also, the Russian support for Ethiopia led to the advent of a Russian Red Cross mission.

For example, one key meeting location was in the U. S. at the Dakin Building, then owned by American philanthropist Henry Dakin, who had extensive Russian contacts: During the late 1980s, as glasnost and perestroika led to the liquidation of the Soviet empire, the Dakin building was the location for a series of groups facilitating United States-Russian contacts.

As Prime Minister of the Peelite / Whig coalition government, the Earl of Aberdeen eventually led Britain into war on the side of the French / Ottomans against the Russian Empire.

War and poverty triggered the Russian Revolution which led to the formation of the communist Soviet Union.