The Ascanian dynasties in the two Saxon states became extinct in 1689 and in 1422, respectively, but Ascanians continued to rule in the smaller state of Anhalt and its various subdivisions until monarchy was abolished in 1918.

Similarly powerful Mercia kings such as Offa are missed out of the West Saxon Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, which sought to demonstrate the legitimacy of their kings to rule over other Anglo-Saxon peoples.

This is primarily because the Estonian language has borrowed nearly one third of its vocabulary from Germanic languages, mainly from Low Saxon ( Middle Low German ) during the period of German rule, and High German ( including standard German ).

Tring and Danais became one, Dacorum, from ( Danis Corum or Danish rule harking back to a Viking not Saxon past ).

Saxon raiders had been harassing the eastern and southern shores of Britannia for centuries before, prompting the construction of a string of coastal forts called the Litora Saxonica or Saxon Shore, and many Saxons and other folk had been permitted to settle in these areas as farmers long before the end of Roman rule in Britannia.

* End of Roman rule in Britain: After 360 years of occupation the local regional British-Roman leaders, raise their own levies for defence against Saxon sea rovers.

In the 9th century the Saxon Hessengau also came under the rule of the Franconians.

Even before Prussia declared war on France on 17 March 1813, it had agreed to an alliance with Russia to the detriment of Saxony and Poland at Kalisz on 22 February: the Duchy of Poland would predominantly come under Russian rule, whereas Prussia would be compensated for relinquished Polish territories with the annexation of Saxon territory.

Lower Lusatia, which like Upper Lusatia had preserved its constitutional autonomy under Saxon rule, was incorporated into the Province of Brandenburg and ceased to exist as a state.

That the king should have consented to treat with his rebellious son, to refer the compromise to a meeting of Saxon nobles, to moderate the pugnacity of his own supporters, and to resign the rule over the more important half of his dominions – all this testifies to the fact that Æthelwulf ’ s Christian spirit did not exhaust itself in the giving of lavish charities to the Church, but availed to reconcile him to the sacrifice of prestige and power in the cause of national peace.

Towards the end of this century, parts of Thuringia came under Saxon rule.

" Anglo Saxon " was a term favored by the French ( to criticize close diplomatic relations between the US and Britain ), and by the Irish Catholics, who resisted British rule in Ireland.

The Saxon dukes, however, continued to rule central Holstein, and when Lothair of Supplinburg became duke of Saxony ( 1106 ), on the extinction of the Billung line, he enfeoofed Lord Adolphus of Schauenburg with the County of Holstein, as a Saxon subfief, becoming Adolphus I, Count of Holstein with the Saxon, later Lower Saxon dukes as liege lords.

As all of Hedwiga's brothers were killed in the Franconian Babenberg feud with the rivalling Conradines, Otto was able to adopt the strong position of his father-in-law and to evolve the united Saxon duchy under his rule.

During Saxon rule, the Dom pod Okrętem (" House under the Ship ") was built.

According to this version of events, Vortigern would have instructed Cunedda and his Votadini subjects to move to Wales in response to the aforementioned Irish incursions no later than the year 442, when Vortigern's former Saxon allies rebelled against his rule.

It was also known in German as the Mieresch and Marosch owing to Transylvanian Saxon settlements and one-time Austrian Habsburg rule.

Cædwalla ’ s military successes may be the reason that at about this time the term " West Saxon " starts to be used in contemporary sources, instead of " Gewisse "; it is from this time that the West Saxons began to rule over other Anglo-Saxon peoples.

This period of the English monarchy is known as the Saxon period, though their rule was often contested, notably by the Danelaw and later by the Danish king Sweyn Forkbeard who claimed the throne from 1013 to 1014, during the reign of Æthelred the Unready.

Though Wilhelm's first wife had died in 1912, two of her ancestors had been elected to rule the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 18th century ; August III the Saxon and Stanisław Leszczyński.

That is, there was no trace of Anglo-Saxons in Britain as early as the late third century, to which time the archaeological evidence for the erection of the Saxon Shore forts was beginning to point.

We know that the Saxon Shore was a phenonenon of late Roman defensive policy ; ;

We also know that the Saxon Shore as reflected in the Notitia was created as a part of the Theodosian reorganization of Britain ( post A.D. 369 ).

My argument is that there was no Saxon Shore prior to that time even though the forts had been in existence since the time of Carausius.

Therefore, what we must prove or disprove is that there were Saxons, in the broad sense in which we must construe the word, in the area of the Saxon Shore at the time it was called the Saxon Shore.

In Gaul the Saxon element on its Saxon Shore was plainly visible because there the Saxons were an intrusive element in the population.

After the death of his brother-in-law, Henry II, margrave of a small area on the Elbe called the Saxon Northern March, in 1128, Albert, disappointed at not receiving this fief himself, attacked Udo, the heir, and was consequently deprived of Lusatia by Lothar.

In 1137 Conrad III, the Hohenstaufen King of the Germans, deprived Albert's cousin and nemesis, Henry the Proud of his Saxon duchy, which was awarded to Albert if he could take it.

When peace was made with Henry in 1142, Albert renounced the Saxon duchy and received the Counties of Weimar and Orlamünde.

Among these gifts was reputed to be a piece of the true cross, a true treasure for the devout Saxon king.

Each element of the system was meant to remedy defects in the West Saxon military establishment exposed by the Viking invasions.

The use of the term Bretwalda was the attempt by a West Saxon chronicler to make some claim of West Saxon kings to the whole of Great Britain.

His mother, Paula ( born Paula Voit ), had German as a mother tongue, but was ethnically of " mixed Hungarian " origin: Her maiden name Voit is German, probably of Saxon origin from Upper Hungary ( Since 1920 in Czechoslovakia, since 1993 in Slovakia ), though she spoke Hungarian fluently.

There was a royal palace at Cheddar during the Saxon period, which was used on three occasions in the 10th century to host the Witenagemot.

Though there are many unanswered questions about the chronology and activities of the early West Saxon rulers, it is clear that Ceawlin was one of the key figures in the final Anglo-Saxon conquest of southern Britain.

Saxon occupation of land that was to form the kingdom had begun by the early 5th century at Mucking and other locations.

The first recorded king, according to the East Saxon King List, was Æscwine to which a date of AD 527 is given for the start of his reign, although there are some difficulties with the date of his reign, and Sledda is listed as the founder of the Essex royal house by other sources.

He was the eldest son of Prince John, ( who succeeded his brother Frederick Augustus II on the Saxon throne as King John in 1854 ) by his wife Amalie Auguste of Bavaria.

During these operations the Crown Prince won the reputation of a thorough soldier ; after peace was made and Saxony had entered the North German Confederation, he gained the command of the Saxon army, which had now become the XII army corps of the North German army, and in this position carried out the necessary re-organisation.

By the end of Ine's reign the kingdoms of Kent, Sussex and Essex were no longer under West Saxon domination ; however, Ine maintained control of what is now Hampshire, and consolidated and extended Wessex's territory in the western peninsula.

Grants of borough privileges, including rights to a third additional fair in 1588 consolidated Tamworth ’ s historic importance as ‘ the seat of Saxon kings ’.