The visit of the three pilgrim " Scots " ( i. e. Irish ) to Alfred in 891 is undoubtedly authentic.

The initial Lions selection consisted of fourteen Irish players, thirteen Welsh, eight English and two Scots in the 37-man squad.

It was faced with the prospect of battling Anglo-Irish and Ulster Scots peoples in Ireland, who alongside their other Irish groups had raised their own volunteer army and threatened to emulate the American colonists if their conditions were not met.

Lesser migrations of Scandinavians, Portuguese, Greeks, Italians, Spanish, Polish, Scots, English, Jews, Russians and Irish immigrants also contributed to this ethnic mix.

In reality, the terms ' Scots / Scottish ' and ' Irish ' are purely modern geographical references to a people who share a common Celtic ancestry and consequently, a common musical heritage.

In his fictional historical essay " The Hyborian Age ", Howard describes how the people of Atlantis — the land where his character King Kull originated — had to move east after a great cataclysm changed the face of the world and sank their island, settling where Ireland and Scotland would eventually be located, Thus they are ( in Howard's work ) the ancestors of the Irish and Scottish ( the Celtic Gaels ) and not the Picts, the other ancestor of modern Scots who also appear in Howard's work.

Although Irish and Manx are often referred to as Irish Gaelic and Manx Gaelic ( as they are Goidelic or Gaelic languages ), the use of the word Gaelic is unnecessary because the terms Irish and Manx, when referring to language, only ever refer to these languages, whereas Scots has come to refer to a Germanic language, and therefore " Scottish " can refer to things not at all Gaelic.

The term " Hun " is also used by Catholics in Northern Ireland as a derogatory term to refer to Northern Irish Protestants, most of whom are descended from English and Lowland Scottish settlers, who historically spoke English and Scots respectively ; both Germanic languages.

Few Scots would follow him, but, aided by 1, 000 Irish, Highland and Islesmen troops sent by the Irish Confederates under Alasdair MacDonald ( MacColla ), and an instinctive genius for mobile warfare, he was stunningly successful.

The Irish and Scots were ostracised by the English, ultimately intermarrying with Black and Native American minority groups to create a single demographic ( coloured, latterly Black ).

The officers were also recruited from Europe – not from the American colonies – and consisted of English, Scots, Irish, Dutch, Swiss and Germans.

Lowland Scots orthography, like Scottish Gaelic and Irish, represents with ch, so the word was borrowed with identical spelling.

The identity of Karl Hundason, unknown to Scots and Irish sources, has long been a matter of dispute, and it is far from clear that the matter is settled.

* Broun, Dauvit, The Irish Identity of the Kingdom of the Scots in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries.

The controversy raged on into the early years of the 19th century, with disputes as to whether the poems were based on Irish sources, on sources in English, on Gaelic fragments woven into his own composition as Johnson concluded, or largely on Scots Gaelic oral traditions and manuscripts as Macpherson claimed.

This is revealed by a letter he sent to the Irish chiefs, where he calls the Scots and Irish collectively nostra nacio ( our nation ), stressing the common language, customs and heritage of the two peoples:

The Irish chief, Donal O ' Neil, for instance, later justified his support for the Scots to Pope John XXII by saying " the Kings of Lesser Scotia all trace their blood to our Greater Scotia and retain to some degree our language and customs.

The Irish Annals of the period described the defeat of the Bruces by the English as one of the greatest things ever done for the Irish nation due to the fact it brought an end to the famine and pillaging brought on the Irish by both the Scots and the English.

The night of Samhain, in Irish, Oíche Shamhna and Scots Gaelic, Oidhche Shamhna, is one of the principal festivals of the Celtic calendar, and falls on the October 31.

Within a few years the Scots, engaged in breaking the thick sod and stirring the rich soil of the valley, were joined by a group called Meurons.

Its people, including Pierre Bottineau and other American Fur Company employees and the refugees from Fort Garry, were joined by the remaining Scots and Swiss from Fort Snelling when Major Joseph Plympton expelled them from the reservation in May 1840.

The Scots were once again involved in Dr Tom Smyth's 1910 team to South Africa.

Many of the Scots who immigrated there were either Roman Catholics or Presbyterians, which can be seen in a number of island landmarks and place names.

Some of his pamphlets were purported to be written by Scots, misleading even reputable historians into quoting them as evidence of Scottish opinion of the time.

The others were a letter from the King of Scots, Robert I, and a letter from four Scottish bishops which all presumably made similar points.

The Scots textbooks of the divine right of kings were written in 1597-98 by James VI of Scotland before his accession to the English throne.

In 1585 negotiations were underway for King James to come to England to discuss the release of his mother, Mary, Queen of Scots, and in March Oxford was to be sent to Scotland as one of the hostages for James's safety.

At the Battle of Flodden on 9 September 1513, the Scots were completely and totally defeated.

In the west were the Gaelic ( Goidelic )- speaking people of Dál Riata with their royal fortress at Dunadd in Argyll, with close links with the island of Ireland, from which they brought with them the name Scots.

By the reign of Alexander III, the Scots were in a position to annexe the remainder of the western seaboard, which they did following Haakon Haakonarson's ill-fated invasion and the stalemate of the Battle of Largs with the Treaty of Perth in 1266.

Matters remained unresolved until 1640 when, in a renewal of hostilities, Charles's northern forces were defeated by the Scots at the Battle of Newburn to the west of Newcastle.

The clearances followed patterns of agricultural change throughout Britain, but were particularly notorious as a result of the late timing, the lack of legal protection for year-by-year tenants under Scots law, the abruptness of the change from the traditional clan system, and the brutality of many evictions.

Scots were not significantly better educated than the English and other contemporary nations.

Even with the development of industry there were insufficient good jobs, as a result, during the period 1841-1931, about 2 million Scots migrated to North America and Australia, and another 750, 000 Scots relocated to England.

Occasionally Scottish troops made up large proportions of the active combatants, and suffered corresponding loses, as at the Battle of Loos, where there were three full Scots divisions and other Scottish units.

Thus, although Scots were only 10 per cent of the British population, they made up 15 per cent of the national armed forces and eventually accounted for 20 per cent of the dead.

The King believed that Puritans ( or Dissenters ) encouraged by five vociferous members of the House of Commons, John Pym, John Hampden, Denzil Holles, Sir Arthur Haselrig and William Strode along with Viscount Mandeville ( the future Earl of Manchester ) who sat in the House of Lords, had encouraged the Scots to invade England in the recent Bishops ' Wars and that they were intent on turning the London mob against him.

The campaign led to a bloody battle in which the Annals of Ulster report 3, 000 Scots and 1, 500 English dead, which can be taken as meaning very many on both sides, and one of Siward's sons and a son-in-law were among the dead.

The exiles were disappointed, however, if they had expected immediate assistance from the Scots.

In return, the Scots fleet raided the Northumbrian coast where Gospatric's possessions were concentrated.

Edinburgh has also become associated with the crime novels of Ian Rankin, and the work of Irvine Welsh, whose novels are mostly set in the city and are often written in colloquial Scots.

In fact, most Presbyterians found in England can trace a Scottish connection, and the Presbyterian denomination was also taken to North America mostly by Scots and Scots-Irish immigrants.

In the 19th century, Americans in the southern United States employed the word in reference to Americans from the northern United States ( though not to recent immigrants from Europe ; thus a visitor to Richmond, Virginia, in 1818 commented, " The enterprising people are mostly strangers ; Scots, Irish, and especially New England men, or Yankees, as they are called ").

The first settlers were mostly Scots from Ontario, Canada and they named the township and settlement after Argyle, Scotland when it was organized in 1872.

The isthmus is mostly covered by coniferous forests formed by Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris ) and Norway spruce ( Picea abies ), with numerous lakes ( e. g. Lake Sukhodolskoye and Lake Glubokoye ) as well as small grass low moors and Sphagnum peat bogs.

The term Scottish Lowlands is generally used mostly with reference to Lowland Scots, Scottish history and the Scottish clan system, as well as in family history and genealogy.

Under this scheme, a substantial number of Scots were settled, mostly in the south and west of Ulster, on confiscated land.

* Natural monuments: ‘ Oak Piast ’ Pedunculate Oak ( circumference 613 cm ; estimated to be around 700 years old ); additionally, several single trees – mostly old oaks in the forest district of Nowy Młyn ; two groups of the Scots Pines ( Nowy Młyn, Grodzisko near Starościn ); there are also Populuses and Willows in the town ; the only monument of the unanimated nature is a glacial erratic near the settlement of Gajec.

The natural forest is mostly made up of Downy birch, Scots pine, aspen and Grey alder.

During 1737, at least 55, 200 trees, mostly elm and Scots pine, were planted, along the sides and top of the valley.

The lands lay mostly in the east of Ulster, a territory anciently in Hiberno-Norman possession, which was much fought over by the Irish and Scots, and would be used by the English within a decade as a base for their efforts at colonisation of the province ( see Plantations of Ireland # Early Plantations ( 1556 – 1576 )).

He was of mixed race, with a Creek mother and a fur trader father of mostly Scots ancestry.

His mother was a high-status Creek woman and his father a mostly Scots fur trader ; such strategic alliances were common, as both cultures believed they benefited.

They were descendants of strategic marriages between high-status Creek women and the mostly Scots fur traders in the area.