This magnificent but greatly underestimated book, which bodies forth the very form and pressure of its time as no other comparable creation, has suffered severely from having been written about an historical event -- the Spanish Civil War -- that is still capable of fanning the smoldering fires of old political feuds.

When Napoleon's ship had borne him to Elba, French wines had started to cross the Channel, the first shipments in a dozen war-ridden years, but the supplies had not yet reached rural hostelries where the sweet wines of the Spanish peninsula still ruled.

" This was borrowed into Arabic as al-tub ( الط ّ وب al " the " + tub " brick ") " brick ," which was assimilated into Old Spanish as adobe, still with the meaning " mud brick.

In Peru and Rio de la Plata many powerful figures proposed an American Monarchy such as those who wanted an independent Peruvian king of the still alive Inca Royal House, and those who requested a Prince of the Spanish house of Bourbon to come and rule directly in Lima, Mexico City or Bogota, as the Portuguese House of Orleans-Braganza had done in Rio de Janeiro.

In the same pattern, a sizable number of permanent residents are Spanish nationals who officially still live in Madrid, the Basque provinces, or other areas of the country.

Despite being offered the chance to remain as ruler of Bavaria ( under strict terms of an alliance with Austria ), the Elector left his country and family in order to continue the war against the Allies from the Spanish Netherlands where he still held the post of governor-general.

Jewish refugees from the Spanish Inquisition from 1560 brought new trades, most notably chocolate-making, which is still important in Bayonne.

Spanish Basques also sought refuge in Bayonne in the 20th century during Francisco Franco's repression, with Petit Bayonne still a centre of Basque nationalism.

The language of Don Quixote, although still containing archaisms, is far more understandable to modern Spanish readers than is, for instance, the completely medieval Spanish of the Poema de mio Cid, a kind of Spanish that is as different from Cervantes's language as Middle English is from Modern English.

Today English speakers generally attempt something close to the modern Spanish pronunciation when saying Quixote ( Quijote ), as, although the traditional English spelling pronunciation pronouncing the name with the value of the letter x in modern English is still sometimes used, resulting in or.

When William was shot dead in 1584, by Balthazar Gerards in the hall of the Prinsenhof, the family's traditional burial place in Breda was still in the hands of the Spanish.

In 1914 there were still dragoon regiments in the British, French, German, Russian, Austro-Hungarian, Peruvian, Norwegian, Swedish, Danish and Spanish armies.

Erickson writes that, " The horrendous images of battlefield carnage, not to mention the close-ups of suffering and dying Spanish children, still pack a wallop when seen today.

By the later stages of the Eighty Years War the Dutch had switched entirely from the heavier ships still used by the English and Spanish to the lighter frigates, carrying around 40 guns and weighing around 300 tons.

( There is a common discrepancy in the chronology between Spanish and British sources, the reason being that England still used the Julian calendar.

The main difference between the text in the surviving Spanish copy and that in the Italian manuscript is that in the Spanish copy chapters 121 to 200 are noted as being missing in the exemplar — although it appears that these chapters had still been present in the Spanish original when it was first examined by George Sale.

The Floridas, still a Spanish territory but with no Spanish presence to speak of, became a refuge for runaway slaves and Indian raiders.

But Spain was still making huge profits in Cuba ( notably in sugar, molasses, rum, and tobacco ), and the Spanish government rejected Saunders ' overtures.

The Louisiana Territory was broken into smaller portions for administration, and the territories passed slavery laws similar to those in the southern states but trying to encompass the preceding French and Spanish rule ( for instance, Spain had prohibited slavery of Native Americans in 1769, but some slaves of mixed African-Native American descent were still being held in St. Louis when the US took over the Louisiana Territory ).

These works also left Europe and were imported to those parts of Latin America controlled by the Spanish and Portuguese empires and the parts of North America controlled by the British and French empires.

The war ended in a nationalist dictatorship, led by Francisco Franco, which controlled the Spanish government until 1975.

Three years after Paraguay overthrew Spanish authority and gained its independence, the country's economy was controlled by the autarchic policies of José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia ( 1814 – 40 ), who closed the young nation's borders to virtually all international trade.

This time the Spanish party in the College of Cardinals did not go so far, but they still controlled a majority, and after a quick conclave they raised Facchinetti to the papal chair as Pope Innocent IX.

However, the Dauphin, as heir apparent to the French throne, was a problematic choice: he would have unified the French and the Spanish crowns and controlled a vast empire that would have threatened the European balance of power.

Spain controlled La Paz with a firm grip and the Spanish king had the last word in all matters political.

Hence very little of the mahogany growing in Spanish controlled territory found its way to Europe.

Saint Domingue became the independent republic of Haiti, and from 1808 onwards Spanish controlled Santo Domingo and Cuba were both opened to British vessels for the first time.

Because Spain controlled most of the Caribbean, many of the attacked cities and ships belonged to the Spanish Empire and along the East coast of America and the West coast of Africa.

The Armed Forces of the Argentine Republic, in Spanish Fuerzas Armadas de la República Argentina, are controlled by the Commander-in-Chief ( the President ) and a civilian Minister of Defense.

At the time it was created, Britain was involved in the War of the Spanish Succession and Spain controlled South America.

Together with their possession of Louisiana, the Spanish controlled the lower reaches of all of the rivers draining the United States west of the Appalachian Mountains.

The county's name derives from a district located in the area when the Spanish controlled the region.

As well, the Spanish strongly discouraged the Native Americans from their periodic controlled burns, which helped maintain the grasslands.

As such, it successively became part of the Burgundian Netherlands, the Habsburg Netherlands, and after the Dutch Revolt, part of the Spanish, later Austrian controlled Southern Netherlands.

In the early 16th century, the Spanish monarchy controlled several territories in Europe under the Habsburg King Charles I ( also Holy Roman Emperor as Charles V ), son of Queen Joanna of Castile.

To him, it was unnatural that Cuba be controlled and oppressed by the Spanish government, when it had its own unique identity and culture.

As Wilkinson planned, Pike was captured by the Spanish who controlled Mexico.

The fact is that those Missions were controlled by Spanish Jesuits and considered dangerous by the Portuguese, after battles between the two groups, the Missions were destroyed and the Jesuits and most of the Christianized Indians moved to what today is north of Argentina.

While fighting escaped African-American slaves, outlaws, and Native Americans in U. S .- controlled Georgia during the First Seminole War, Andrew Jackson had pursued them into Spanish Florida, but at the same time, he attacked and captured Spanish forts in Florida that he felt were assisting the raids into American territory.

The modern music history of Trinidad and Tobago began with the arrival of Spanish settlers and African slaves who decimated the native Amerindian ( Carib and Arawak ) population, enclosing them in work villages called encomiendas, which were controlled by the Roman Catholic priesthood.

A brief period where a region was governed almost totally by participatory democracy occurred during the Spanish civil war, from 1936 – 1938, in the parts of Spain controlled by anarchist republicans.