Where the Diatessaron records Gospel quotations from the Jewish Scriptures, the text appears to agree with that found in the Syriac Peshitta Old Testament rather than that found in the Greek Septuagint — as used by the original Gospel authors.

Thus the harmonisation was replaced in the 5th century by the canonical four gospels individually, in the Peshitta version, whose Syriac text nevertheless contains many Diatessaronic readings.

The Arabic harmony preserves Tatian's sequence exactly, but uses a source text corrected in most places to that of the standard Syriac Peshitta Gospels ; the Persian harmony differs greatly in sequence, but translates a Syriac text that is rather closer to that in Ephrem's commentary.

* Genesis in Hebrew, Aramaic, Syriac, Greek, Latin, and English – The critical text of the Book of Genesis in Hebrew with ancient versions ( Masoretic, Samaritan Pentateuch, Samaritan Targum, Targum Onkelos, Peshitta, Septuagint, Vetus Latina, Vulgate, Aquila, Symmachus, and Theodotion ) and English translation for each version in parallel.

* The Original Text of the New Testament-an ongoing project that aims to collate all extant ancient manuscripts of the Greek New Testament and its early versions ( Peshitta, Curetonian Syriac, Syriac Sinaiticus, Philoxenian, Old Latin, Vulgate, Sahidic, and Bohairic ) and present them online in parallel with a comprehensive critical apparatus.

Other ancient texts consulted were the Dead Sea Scrolls, the Samaritan Pentateuch, the Aquila, Symmachus and Theodotion, the Latin Vulgate, the Syriac Peshitta, the Aramaic Targum, and for the Psalms the Juxta Hebraica of Jerome.

An Aramaic Bible is also used in the Syriac Church ( see Peshitta ).

* Justin Perkins, an American Presbyterian missionary, produces the first translation of the Bible in Assyrian Neo-Aramaic, which is published with the parallel text of the Syriac Peshitta by the American Bible Society.

The Masoretic text, the Dead Sea Scrolls, the Samaritan Pentateuch, the Greek Septuagint or ( LXX ), the Aquila, Symmachus and Theodotion, the Latin Vulgate, the Syriac Peshitta, the Aramaic Targums, and for the Psalms the Juxta Hebraica of Jerome were all consulted for the Old Testament.

Balaam's location, Pethor, is simply given as " which is by the river of the land of the children of his people " in the masoretic text and the Septuagint, though the Samaritan Pentateuch, Vulgate, and Syriac Peshitta all identify his land as Ammon.

The earliest translation to witness to a Greek base conforming generally to the Byzantine text in the Gospels is the Syriac Peshitta ( though it has many Alexandrian and Western readings ); usually dated to the 4th century ; although in respect of several much contested readings, such as Mark 1: 2 and John 1: 18, the Peshitta rather supports the Alexandrian witnesses.

This is rendered Za-za-e ' il ( the strong one against / of God ), according to the Syriac Peshitta Version, as in Qumran fragment 4Q180.

Burgon supported his arguments with the opinion that the Codex Alexandrinus and Codex Ephraemi, were older than the Sinaiticus and Vaticanus ; and also that the Peshitta translation into Syriac ( which supports the Byzantine Text ), originated in the 2nd century.

There are also several ancient translations, most important of which are in the Syriac dialect of Aramaic ( including the Peshitta and the Diatessaron gospel harmony ), in the Ethiopian language of Ge ' ez, and in Latin ( both the Vetus Latina and the Vulgate ).

The Septuagint also avoids belial in the singular so Shimei ( 2 Samuel 16: 7 ) when he cursed David, " Come out, come out, thou bloody man, and thou man of Belial " is rendered " you lawless man " ( paranomos ), and Hannah to Eli " Count not thine handmaid for a daughter of Belial " is rendered " don't count your maidservant as a daughter of the pest " The Latin Vulgate and Syriac Peshitta Old Testaments in some cases follow the Greek, in other literalize as Hebrew.

A number of texts were condemned and ordered burnt, including the Peshitta, the Syriac version of the Bible.

Thence came to us in the 2nd century the famous Peshitta, or Syriac translation of the Old Testament ; also Tatian's Diatessaron, which was compiled about 172 and in common use until St. Rabbula, Bishop of Edessa ( 412-435 ), forbade its use.

According to his biographer he himself produced a version ( or revision ) of the New Testament in Syriac, known as the Peshitta.

Although he uses the Peshitta as a basis, he knows that it is not perfect, and therefore controls it by the Hebrew, the Septuagint, the Greek versions of Symmachus, Theodotion, Aquila, by Oriental versions, Armenian and Coptic, and finally by the other Syriac translations, Heraclean, Philoxenian and especially the Syro-Hexapla.

The Old Testament translation was based on the Masoretic Text ( Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia ) and was further compared to other sources such as the Dead Sea Scrolls, Septuagint, Greek manuscripts, Samaritan Pentateuch, Syriac Peshitta, and Latin Vulgate.

In exceptional, difficult cases, the translation committee consulted the Dead Sea Scrolls, the Septuagint, the Samaritan Pentateuch, the Syriac Peshitta, the Latin Vulgate, and other sources in order to shed possible light on the text or, if necessary, to support a divergence from the Masoretic text.

For the Tanakh, or Old Testament, the Massoretic text as published in the latest edition of the Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia is used as the base text, in consultation with Biblia Hebraica Leningradensia and other ancient Hebrew texts ( such as the Dead Sea Scrolls and the Samaritan Pentateuch ) and a select number of ancient versions ( the Septuagint, the Vulgate, the Syriac Peshitta, and the Targums ).

The Phoenician letter names, in which each letter was associated with a word that begins with that sound, continue to be used to varying degrees in Samaritan, Aramaic, Syriac, Hebrew, Greek and Arabic.

There is scholarly uncertainty about what language Tatian used for its original composition, whether Syriac or Greek.

The Christian community used the Syriac dialect.

Some of the Syriac terms that Ephrem used to describe his community were later used to describe monastic communities, but the assertion that he was monk is anachronistic.

The Syriac chronicle of John of Ephesus, which does not survive, was used as a source for later chronicles, contributing many additional details of value.

Matres lectionis are found in Ugaritic, Moabite, South Arabian and the Phoenician alphabets, but are widely used only in Hebrew, Aramaic, Syriac and Arabic.

According to one tradition it was Mani himself who invented the unique version of the Syriac script called Manichaean script, which was used in all of the Manichaean works written within the Persian Empire, whether they were in Syriac or Middle Persian, and also for most of the works written within the Uyghur Empire.

One of these, the printer and gifted linguist Jean-Joseph Marcel, is credited as the first to recognise that the middle text, originally guessed to be Syriac, was, in fact, written in the Egyptian demotic script, rarely used for stone inscriptions and, therefore, seldom seen by scholars at that time.

The Early Christian Church used the Greek texts since Greek was a lingua franca of the Roman Empire at the time, and the language of the Greco-Roman Church ( Aramaic was the language of Syriac Christianity, which used the Targums ).

Among early centers of Christianity a Koine Greek version of the Hebrew Bible was used by Greek speakers ( Aramaic Targums were used by Aramaic speakers such as the Syriac Orthodox Church ).

Nine languages are used: Hebrew, Chaldee, Samaritan, Syriac, Arabic, Persian, Ethiopic, Greek and Latin.

And from the 7th century, when Muslim Arabs conquered the area, up to the medieval era, Arab writers simply used the name Kirkheni ( Syriac for " citadel ") to refer to the city.

The West Syrian Rite, used in Syria by the Syriac Orthodox ( Jacobites ) and Catholic Syrians is in its origin simply the old rite of Antioch in the Syriac language.

In the critical apparatus of the second edition he used the Codex Claromontanus and the Syriac New Testament published by Emmanuel Tremellius in 1569.

by the mid-9th century it was also used to refer to the mission churches of the Syriac Christians.

The Indian government designates members of the community as " Syrian Christians ", a term originating with the Dutch colonial authority distinguishing the Saint Thomas Christians, who used Syriac as the liturgical language, from newly evangelized Christians following Latin liturgy.

The Nasrani Qurbana used to be held in Syriac.

The language used is Mandaic, a dialect of Eastern Aramaic written in Mandaic script ( Parthian chancellory script ), similar to Syriac script.

The Hebrew text of Joel seems to have suffered little from scribal transmission, but is at a few points supplemented by the Septuagint, Syriac, and Vulgate versions, or by conjectural emendation.

Steven Duncan, writes that " it was first formulated by a Greek-speaking Syriac Christian neo-Platonist, John Philoponus.

Arabic Diatessaron, Translated by Abul Faraj Al Tayyeb from Syriac to Arabic, 11th Century

Modern scholarship tends to favour a Syriac origin ; but even so, the exercise must have been repeated in Greek very shortly afterwards — probably by Tatian himself.

Ephrem the Syrian wrote a commentary on it, the Syriac original of which was rediscovered only in 1957, when a manuscript acquired by Sir Chester Beatty in 1957 ( now Chester Beatty Syriac MS 709, Dublin ) turned out to contain the text of Ephrem's commentary.

Samuel Lee, the editor ( 1842 ) and translator ( 1843 ) of the Syriac Theophania thought that the work must have been written " after the general peace restored to the Church by Constantine, and before either the ' Praeparatio ,' or the ' Demonstratio Evengelica ,' was written.

Nor was he always critical about the material that he reproduces ; he includes in the Ecclesiastical History letters supplied to him by a Syriac source purporting to be written back and forth between King Abgar and Jesus.

History of the Martyrs in Palestine by Eusebius of Caesarea, Discovered in a Very Antient Syriac Manuscript.

However, a " flattist " approach was more or less shared by all the Fathers coming from the Syriac area, who were more inclined to follow the letter of the Old Testament.

In February of 2012, it was reported in Turkish newspapers that another Syriac manuscript of the Gospel of Barnabas had been found in Cyprus in 2000, in an operation conducted by police against smugglers ; and, having been kept in a police repository since then, had been deposited in the Ethnography Museum of Ankara.

The manuscript was, however, asserted to be a forgery by a number of Syriac language experts.

Then, in the later account found in the Syriac Doctrine of Addai, a painted image of Jesus is mentioned in the story ; and even later, in the account given by Evagrius, the painted image is transformed into an image that miraculously appeared on a towel when Christ pressed the cloth to his wet face.

In 1971, a 10th century Arabic version of the Testimonium due to Agapius of Hierapolis was brought to light by Shlomo Pines who also discovered a 12th century Syriac version of Josephus by Michael the Syrian.

Jonah's mission to the Ninevites is commemorates by the Fast of Nineveh in Syriac and Oriental Orthodox Churches.

This book was quoted directly, and expanded on by Mani, becoming one of the original six Syriac writings of the Manichaean Church.

There can no longer be any doubt that the Iranian names of Sām, Narīmān, etc., that appear in the Persian and Sogdian versions of the Book of the Giants, did not figure in the original edition, written by Mani in the Syriac language.

In the Aramaic book of Enoch, in the Qumran writings in general, and in the original Syriac section of Manichaean scriptures quoted by Theodore bar Konai, he is called " malka raba de-ikara " ( the great king of glory ).

These are the Syriac-Aramaic quotation by the Nestorian Christian Theodore bar Konai, in his Syriac " Book of Scholia " (" Ketba de-Skolion ", eighth century ), and the Middle Persian sections of Mani's Shabuhragan discovered at Turpan ( a summary of Mani's teachings prepared for Shapur I ).

These two sections are probably the original Syriac and Middle Persian written by Mani.

In every language and region that Manichaeism spread to, these same deities reappear, whether it is in the original Syriac quoted by Theodore bar Konai, or the Latin terminology given by Saint Augustine from Mani's Epistola Fundamenti, or the Persian and Chinese translations found as Manichaeism spread eastward.