Albert of Prussia (; ) ( 17 May 1490 – 20 March 1568 ) was the 37th and last sovereign Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights and, after converting to Lutheranism, the first duke of the Duchy of Prussia, which was the first state to adopt the Lutheran faith and Protestantism as the official state religion.

Because Albert was a member of the Brandenburg-Ansbach branch of the House of Hohenzollern, it had been hoped that his election as Grand Master would reverse the decline of the Teutonic Knights since 1410 ; Duke Frederick of Saxony of the House of Wettin had been elected for the same reason.

Category: Grand Masters of the Teutonic Knights

For want of funds, Alexander was unable to resist the Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights or prevent Grand Duke of Muscovy Ivan III from ravaging Grand Duchy of Lithuania with the Tatars.

In 1211, he granted the Burzenland to the Teutonic Knights in order to ensure the security of the southeastern borders of his kingdom against the Cumans.

However, the Teutonic Knights began to establish a country independent of the King of Hungary.

In the same year, Andrew expelled the Teutonic Knights from Transylvania because they had ignored his overlordship.

* 1242 – During a battle on the ice of Lake Peipus, Russian forces, led by Alexander Nevsky, rebuff an invasion attempt by the Teutonic Knights.

The marriage took place on 30 April or 16 October 1325 and was a purely political maneuver to strengthen the first Polish – Lithuanian coalition against the Teutonic Knights.

# Frederick ( b. Torgau, 26 October 1474 – d. Rochlitz, 14 December 1510 ), Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights.

The Poles commanded by Piotr Dunin, consisting of some 2000 mercenaries decisively defeated the Teutonic Knights, having some 2700 mercenaries, commanded by Fritz Raweneck and Kaspar Nostyc.

The psychological significance was that this was the first open field battle won by the royal forces, so it increased the morale of the Polish forces and lowered the morale of the Teutonic Knights.

Duke Konrad of Masovia still was not capable to end the Prussian attacks on his territory and in 1224 began to conduct negotiations with the Teutonic Knights under Grand Master Hermann von Salza in order to strengthen his forces.

He obtained a charter by Emperor Frederick II issued in the 1226 Golden Bull of Rimini, whereby Chełmno Land would be the unshared possession of the Teutonic Knights, which was confirmed by Duke Konrad of Masovia in the 1230 Treaty of Kruszwica.

The Council also condemned and executed Jan Hus and ruled on issues of national sovereignty, the rights of pagans, and just war in response to a conflict between the Kingdom of Poland and the Order of the Teutonic Knights.

In 1411, the First Peace of Thorn ended the Polish – Lithuanian – Teutonic War, in which the Teutonic Knights fought the Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

The propaganda war soon grew from a border quarrel to a fundamental dispute of the Teutonic mission – did the Knights have the right to wage the crusade?

The Teutonic Knights conquered the region and the inhabitants dispersed in the process.

After the defeat of the Teutonic Knights and the destruction of the castle by the inhabitants, the city successively was under the sovereignty of the Polish crown ( 1466 ), the Kingdom of Prussia ( 1772 ), and Germany ( 1871 ).

Elbląg is the Polish derivative of the German name Elbing, which was assigned by the Teutonic Knights to the citadel and subsequent town placed by them in 1237 next to the river.

In 1226 Duke Konrad I of Masovia summoned the Teutonic Knights for assistance ; by 1230 they had secured Chełmno ( Culm ) and begun claiming conquered territories for themselves under the authority of the Holy Roman Empire, although these claims were rejected by the Poles, whose ambition had been to conquer Prussia all along.

The victorious Teutonic Knights built a castle at Elbing near, if not on top of, the destroyed Prussian town of Truso.

After building two ships, the Pilgerim ( Pilgrim ) and the Vridelant ( Friedland ), with the assistance of Henry III, Margrave of Meissen, the Teutonic Knights used them to clear the Vistula Lagoon ( Frisches Haff ) and the Vistula Spit of Prussians:

In 1440 several western and eastern Prussian towns formed the Prussian Confederation, which led the revolt of Prussia against the rule of the Teutonic Knights in 1454.

The Teutonic Order built a castle and founded Elbing at the lake with a population mostly from Lübeck ; today the much smaller lake does not reach the city any more.

Today's capital, Riga, founded in 1201 by Teutonic colonists at the mouth of the Daugava, became a strategic base in a papally-sanctioned conquest of the area by the Livonian Brothers of the Sword.

* a state ruled by the Livonian Order founded by Albert in 1202, which was assimilated into the Teutonic Knights in 1237 ;

The Northern Crusades provided a rationale for the growth and expansion of the Teutonic Order of German crusading knights which had been founded in Palestine at the end of the 12th century.

* The Lithuanian city of Klaipėda ( Memel ) is founded by the Teutonic Knights.

* The Teutonic Knights are founded to defend the Latin states in the Levant.

* Königsberg ( now Kaliningrad ) is founded by the Teutonic Knights in Prussia and named in honour of king Ottokar II of Bohemia.

In the north-west, Lithuania faced constant armed incursions from the Teutonic Knights — founded after 1226 to fight and convert the pagan Baltic tribes of Prussians, Yotvingians and Lithuanians.

In 1336, after the Prussian Crusade, the Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights Dietrich von Altenburg founded a castle called Instierburg at the site of a former Old Prussian fortification.

The fortress Malbork Castle | Ordensburg Marienburg, founded in 1274, the world ’ s largest brick castle and the Teutonic Knights | Teutonic Order's headquarters on the River Nogat.

Initially a defensive gród founded by Polish ruler Bolesław Chrobry, the settlement adopted Kulm law in 1291 while under the rule of the monastic state of the Teutonic Knights and became a city.

The town was built in Prussia around the fortress Ordensburg Marienburg which was founded in 1274 on the east bank of the river Nogat by the Teutonic Knights.

The Teutonic Knights founded an Ordensburg castle in 1232 and a town the following year.

Aschaffenburg's chief buildings are the Schloss Johannisburg, built 1605 – 1614 by Archbishop Schweikard von Kronberg, which contains a library with a number of incunabula, a collection of engravings and paintings ; the Pompejanum, a replica of a Roman town house discovered in Pompeii commissioned by King Ludwig I. and opened in 1850 ; the Stiftskirche basilica, founded in 974 by Otto of Swabia, duke of Bavaria, but dating in the main from the early 12th century on, in which are preserved various monuments by the Vischers, a sarcophagus with the relics of Saint Margaret, and a famous painting by Matthias Grünewald ; the Capuchin hospital ; a theatre, which was formerly a house of the Teutonic Order ; several mansions of the nobility ; and the beautiful, historical " Altstadt " ( the oldest section of Aschaffenburg ).

* Teutonic State, founded in that region by the Teutonic Order

Between 1350 and 1360 Ortolf von Trier, a knight of the Teutonic Order and the Komtur of Elbląg ( 1349 – 1371 ), founded a fort in Galindia, probably near an Old Prussian settlement.

Cities and towns founded by the Teutonic Knights along the river Łyna ( Alnā ) include:

In the 15th century, the Prussian Confederation was founded to reform, later oppose the policy of the Teutonic Order.

The settlement was founded by Teutonic Order's Otto von Luttenberg and was known under following names Nuwenmarkt, Novum Forum, Nowy Targ.

Originally founded as the Bishopric of Ermland, it was created by William of Modena in 1243 in the territory of Prussia after its conquest by the Teutonic Knights during the Northern Crusades.

With Landgrave Louis III of Thuringia he may have already taken part in the 1189 / 91 Siege of Acre, where the Teutonic Order was founded.

Unlike newly founded cities between the rivers Elbe and Oder the cities founded by the Teutonic Order had a much more re ( ctan ) gular sketch of streets, indicating their character as planned foundations .< ref name =" Dollinger 1998 55 "> Philippe Dollinger, Die Hanse Hanse ( XII < sup > e </ sup >- XVII < sup > e </ sup > siècles ); German, see references for bibliographical details, p. 55.