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The Teutonic Order lost eastern Prussia when Grand Master Albert of Brandenburg-Ansbach converted to Lutheranism and secularized the Prussian branch of the Teutonic Order in 1525.
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Teutonic and Order
As Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, Statue by Rudolf Siemering ( 1835 Königsberg-1905 Berlin )
Duke Frederick of Saxony, Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, died in December 1510.
He was a skilled political administrator and leader, and effectively reversed the decline of the Teutonic Order, until he betrayed it by transforming the order's lands into his own duchy, secularizing it in the process.
Only the death of Stephen, the great hospodar of Moldavia, enabled Poland still to hold her own on the Danube River ; while the liberality of Pope Julius II, who issued no fewer than 29 bulls in favor of Poland and granted Alexander Peter's Pence and other financial help, enabled him to restrain somewhat the arrogance of the Teutonic Order.
* Albert of Prussia, Grand Master of the Teutonic Order and the first duke of Prussia.
The direct result of the battle of Schwetz / Świecino was that the city of Danzig and Pomerania were freed from Teutonic Order danger so that the royal and municipal armed forces could be used elsewhere in the war, mainly to protect the Vistula waterway and to capture the Teutonic held strongholds.
Christian ceded his possessions to the new State of the Teutonic Order and in turn was appointed Bishop of Chełmno the next year.
The Council also condemned and executed Jan Hus and ruled on issues of national sovereignty, the rights of pagans, and just war in response to a conflict between the Kingdom of Poland and the Order of the Teutonic Knights.
The Teutonic Order built a castle and founded Elbing at the lake with a population mostly from Lübeck ; today the much smaller lake does not reach the city any more.
The city received numerous merchant privileges from the rulers of England, Poland, Pomerania, and the Teutonic Order.
The burghers destroyed the Teutonic Order castle.
After the Section of Prussians and Polish victory over the Teutonic Order, the city became part of the autonomous province of Royal Prussia under the suzerainty of the Polish crown in the Second Peace of Thorn.
# Albert of Prussia ( 17 May 1490, Ansbach – 20 March 1568, Castle Tapiau ), Grand Master of the Teutonic Order and later first Duke of Prussia.
* 1309-1310 ; The Teutonic Order conquered Pomerelia and added it to Prussia.
Earlier than any other German prince or any other member of the Hohenzollern line including even his younger brother Albert, the Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, he turned his eyes and heart to the new faith proceeding from Wittenberg.
Crusader missions to the Baltic lands would establish the State of the Teutonic Order.
Knightly religious orders were established, including the Knights Templar, the Knights of St John ( Knights Hospitaller ), and the Teutonic Order.
The monastic state of the Teutonic Order () and its later German successor states of Prussia however never were part of the Holy Roman Empire.
Viewing the SS as an " order " along the lines of the Teutonic Knights, he had them take over the Church of the Teutonic Order in Vienna in 1939.
* 1410 – Polish – Lithuanian – Teutonic War: Battle of Grunwald – the allied forces of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeat the army of the Teutonic Order.
Around 1200 the port became the main point of departure for colonists leaving for the Baltic territories conquered by the Livonian Order and, later, Teutonic Order.
Teutonic and lost
Swantopolk played a key role in the First Prussian Uprising, which started in 1242 after the Teutonic Knights lost the Battle of the Ice.
The Diocese of Warmia lost the two thirds of its diocese within Teutonic Prussia after 1525 when the Order's Grand Master Albert of Brandenburg-Ansbach converted the monastic state into Ducal Prussia, himself ruling as duke.
When the knights lost the Battle of Tannenberg in 1410, Bogislaw VIII of Pomerania-Stolp changed sides again and allied with Poland in return for the Bütow, Schlochau, Preußisch-Friedland, Baldenburg, Hammerstein and Schivelbein areas, which Poland had gained from the Monastic state of the Teutonic Knights before.
He lost much of his domain to the Teutonic Order, including Wizna, Zawkrze and Płońsk.
Poland and Lithuania battled each other in the decades-long Galicia – Volhynia Wars, but also saw opportunities to regain lands lost to Hungary and regarded the Teutonic Knights as the common enemy.
In 1242, the Teutonic Order lost the Battle of the Ice on Lake Peipus to Novgorod.
At the same time, Hungary offered to secretly support the Polish rights to the province of Pomerelia, lost to the Teutonic Order.
Teutonic and eastern
In 1440 several western and eastern Prussian towns formed the Prussian Confederation, which led the revolt of Prussia against the rule of the Teutonic Knights in 1454.
The territories along the eastern Baltic first came under foreign domination at the beginning of the 13th century, with the formal establishment of Riga in 1201 under the German Teutonic Knights.
The Northern Crusades or Baltic Crusades were crusades undertaken by the Christian kings of Denmark and Sweden, the German Livonian and Teutonic military orders, and their allies against the pagan peoples of Northern Europe around the southern and eastern shores of the Baltic Sea.
The Teutonic Knights retained eastern Prussia, but only under the overlordship of the Polish king.
The area of western Prussia around Gdańsk was Christianized via Pomerania as well, and the monastery of Oliwa at Gdańsk was established at that time, while eastern Prussia was Christianized later via Riga by the Teutonic Knights.
The eastern part of Prussia remained under the rule of the Teutonic Knights and its successors as a fief of Poland, becoming the Ducal Prussia in 1525 when the Order's last Grand Master Albert von Hohenzollern adopted Lutheranism and secularized the land as its hereditary ruler.
Charles's next seat was the castle of Vyborg, on Finland's eastern border, where he kept an independent court, taking no heed of Christopher and exercising his own foreign policy in relation to such powers in the region as the Hanseatic League, the Russian city of Novgorod and the Teutonic Knights in what are today Estonia and Latvia.
The great eastern German city of Königsberg was named in his honour as a tribute for his support of the Teutonic Knights in their war with the pagan Sambians.
Before 1227, only Christian's own Cistercian order had assisted him in fortified eastern missions ; but with the arrival of the Teutonic Knights, the Dominicans, who were favored by the order and by Pope Gregory IX, took a strong foothold in Prussia, while Christian and his Cistercians were thrown into the background.
The Teutonic knights in the north and the Tatar hordes in the south were equally bent on the subjection of Lithuania, while Algirdas ' eastern and western neighbors Muscovy and Poland generally were hostile competitors.
The Kingdom of Hungary's medieval eastern borders were therefore defended in the northeast by the Nösnerland Saxons, in the east by the Hungarian Border Guard tribe Szeklers, in the southeast by the castles built by the Teutonic Knights and Burzenland Saxons, and in the south by the Altland Saxon.
The town was founded as Mohrungen by the Teutonic Knights in 1302 in eastern Prussia and in 1327 attained Kulm law from Hermann von Oettingen.
Teutonic and Prussia
Albert of Prussia (; ) ( 17 May 1490 – 20 March 1568 ) was the 37th and last sovereign Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights and, after converting to Lutheranism, the first duke of the Duchy of Prussia, which was the first state to adopt the Lutheran faith and Protestantism as the official state religion.
Although Albert has received relatively little recognition in German history, his dissolution of the Teutonic State caused the founding of the Duchy of Prussia ( and also the Hohenzollern dynasty ), which would eventually become arguably the most powerful German state and instrumental in uniting the whole of Germany.
This way that Teutonic forces in Prussia on the right bank of Vistula were cut off from the supplies form Western Europe.
After the defeat of the Teutonic Knights and the destruction of the castle by the inhabitants, the city successively was under the sovereignty of the Polish crown ( 1466 ), the Kingdom of Prussia ( 1772 ), and Germany ( 1871 ).
In 1226 Duke Konrad I of Masovia summoned the Teutonic Knights for assistance ; by 1230 they had secured Chełmno ( Culm ) and begun claiming conquered territories for themselves under the authority of the Holy Roman Empire, although these claims were rejected by the Poles, whose ambition had been to conquer Prussia all along.
* 1411 – The First Peace of Thorn is signed in Thorn, Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights ( Prussia ).
Moreover, he entered into correspondence with Luther, discussing with him the most important problems of faith, and in 1524 he met him personally during the negotiations concerning his brother Albert's secularization of the Teutonic Order's state of Prussia into the secular Duchy of Prussia.
Beginning in 1226, the Teutonic Knights began their conquest of Prussia.
Also, the Teutonic Knights were invited to Prussia by Duke Konrad of Masovia to Christianise the Prussians in 1226.
In the Baltic Sea region, Poland's struggle with the Teutonic Knights continued and included the Battle of Grunwald ( German: Battle of Tannenberg ; Lithuanian: Battle of Žalgiris ) ( 1410 ) and in 1466 the milestone Peace of Thorn under King Casimir IV Jagiellon ; the treaty created the future Duchy of Prussia.
This situation heightened tensions with some European nobility, especially as the Templars were indicating an interest in founding their own monastic state, just as the Teutonic Knights had done in Prussia and the Knights Hospitaller were doing with Rhodes.
* Teutonic Knights, established about 1190, and ruled the Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights in Prussia until 1525
His military weakness led Konrad to invite the Teutonic Knights to Prussia.
The Prussian Confederation (, ) was an organization formed in 1440 by a group of 53 nobles and clergy and 19 cities in Prussia to oppose the monastic state of the Teutonic Knights.
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