* 1953 – Francis Crick and James D. Watson publish " Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid " describing the double helix structure of DNA.

In the 1950s, James D. Watson, Francis Crick, Rosalind Franklin, and Maurice Wilkins were instrumental in solving DNA structure and suggesting its relationship with genetic transfer of information.

As first discovered by James D. Watson and Francis Crick, the structure of DNA of all species comprises two helical chains each coiled round the same axis, and each with a pitch of 34 ångströms ( 3. 4 nanometres ) and a radius of 10 ångströms ( 1. 0 nanometres ).

* 1953 – James D. Watson and Francis Crick announce to friends that they have determined the chemical structure of DNA ; the formal announcement takes place on April 25 following publication in April's Nature ( pub.

Francis Harry Compton Crick, OM, FRS ( 8 June 1916 – 28 July 2004 ) was an English molecular biologist, biophysicist, and neuroscientist, and most noted for being a co-discoverer of the structure of the DNA molecule in 1953 together with James D. Watson.

) Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins of King's College were personal friends, which influenced subsequent scientific events as much as the close friendship between Crick and James Watson.

A public memorial was held on 27 September 2004 at the Salk Institute, La Jolla, near San Diego, California ; guest speakers included James D. Watson, Sydney Brenner, Alex Rich, Seymour Benzer, Aaron Klug, Christof Koch, Pat Churchland, Vilayanur Ramachandran, Tomaso Poggio, Leslie Orgel, Terry Sejnowski, his son Michael Crick, and his youngest daughter Jacqueline Nichols.

Late in 1951, Crick started working with James D. Watson at Cavendish Laboratory at the University of Cambridge, England.

Using " Photo 51 " ( the X-ray diffraction results of Raymond Gosling and Rosalind Franklin of King's College London, given to them by Gosling and Franklin's colleague Maurice Wilkins ), Watson and Crick together developed a model for a helical structure of DNA, which they published in 1953.

When James Watson came to Cambridge, Crick was a 35-year-old graduate student ( due to his work during WWII ) and Watson was only 23, but he already had a Ph. D.

Watson and Crick talked endlessly about DNA and the idea that it might be possible to guess a good molecular model of its structure.

In November 1951, Wilkins came to Cambridge and shared his data with Watson and Crick.

Stimulated by their discussions with Wilkins and what Watson learned by attending a talk given by Franklin about her work on DNA, Crick and Watson produced and showed off an erroneous first model of DNA.

Watson and Crick were not officially working on DNA.

Crick was writing his Ph. D. thesis ; Watson also had other work such as trying to obtain crystals of myoglobin for X-ray diffraction experiments.

Having failed once, Watson and Crick were now somewhat reluctant to try again and for a while they were forbidden to make further efforts to find a molecular model of DNA.

Watson and Crick first made helical models with the phosphates at the center of the helices.

Of great importance to the model building effort of Watson and Crick was Rosalind Franklin's understanding of basic chemistry, which indicated that the hydrophilic phosphate-containing backbones of the nucleotide chains of DNA should be positioned so as to interact with water molecules on the outside of the molecule while the hydrophobic bases should be packed into the core.

Franklin shared this chemical knowledge with Watson and Crick when she pointed out to them that their first model ( from 1951, with the phosphates inside ) was obviously wrong.

Crick described what he saw as the failure of Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin to cooperate and work towards finding a molecular model of DNA as a major reason why he and Watson eventually made a second attempt to do so.

In order to construct their model of DNA, Watson and Crick made use of information from unpublished X-ray diffraction images of Franklin's ( shown at meetings and freely shared by Wilkins ), including preliminary accounts of Franklin's results / photographs of the X-ray images that were included in a written progress report for the King's College laboratory of Sir John Randall from late 1952.

It is a matter of debate whether Watson and Crick should have had access to Franklin's results without her knowledge or permission, and before she had a chance to formally publish the results of her detailed analysis of her X-ray diffraction data which were included in the progress report.

After the discovery of the hydrogen bonded A: T and C: G pairs, Watson and Crick soon had their anti-parallel, double helical model of DNA, with the hydrogen bonds at the core of the helix providing a way to " unzip " the two complementary strands for easy replication: the last key requirement for a likely model of the genetic molecule.

As important as Crick's contributions to the discovery of the double helical DNA model were, he stated that without the chance to collaborate with Watson, he would not have found the structure by himself.

The discovery was made on 28 February 1953 ; the first Watson / Crick paper appeared in Nature on 25 April 1953.

** James D. Watson and Francis Crick of the University of Cambridge announce their discovery of the structure of the DNA molecule.

These experiments paved the way for Watson and Crick's discovery of the helical structure of DNA, and thus the birth of modern genetics and molecular biology.

After the discovery of the structure of DNA in 1953 by Francis Crick and James D. Watson, Gamow attempted to solve the problem of how the order of the four different kinds of bases ( adenine, cytosine, thymine and guanine ) in DNA chains could control the synthesis of proteins from amino acids.

The collection includes an original copy of the 1953 Nature paper where Nobel winners James D. Watson and Francis Crick first described the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA.

She had hoped that by Watson knowing of this discovery, he would leave Rayner.

The discovery was made on 28 February 1953 ; the first Watson / Crick paper appeared in Nature on 25 April 1953.

Also in 1962 he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Watson and Crick for the discovery of the structure of DNA.

* the discovery of the structure of DNA by James D. Watson, Francis Crick, Rosalind Franklin and Professor Maurice Wilkins.

Ian Watson writes that the novel is " about deceit, maskedness and discovery of self-truth … a harsh, arctic tale by contrast with Strange At Ecbatan The Trees where the terrain may be stark but there is a mannered elegance in the tone of voice ; it is a tale executed in an argot-ritualistic style.

In 1953, Watson and Crick announced their discovery of the now familiar

The Double Helix: A Personal Account of the Discovery of the Structure of DNA is an autobiographical account of the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA written by James D. Watson and published in 1968.

By providing more information about Franklin's life than was included in Watson's book, it was possible for Sayre to provide a different perspective on the role Franklin played in Watson and Crick's discovery of the double helix structure of DNA.

In May 1953, Varsity was only the third newspaper in the world to carry a report on James Watson and Francis Crick's discovery of the structure of DNA, after The News Chronicle and The New York Times.

The discovery was made in Cambridge on February 28, 1953 ; the first Watson / Crick paper appeared in Nature on April 25, 1953.

" The film also shows why Watson and Crick made their discovery, overtaking their competitors in part by reasoning from genetic function to predict chemical structure, thus helping to establish the then still-nascent field of molecular biology.

Other classics include: identification of how skeletal bones grow through osteoblast deposition and osteoclast remodeling, early discovery of the biogenesis and metabolism of thyroxine and detection of triiodothyronine, early prediction of DNA semiconservative replication published days after the Watson and Crick Nature article, the discovery of axonal transport, the Warshawsky et al.

Crick, Wilkins, and Watson each received one third of the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their contributions to the discovery.

The discovery and dating of Watson Brake as a Middle Archaic site demonstrate that the pre-agricultural, pre-ceramic, indigenous cultures within the territory of the present-day United States were much more complex than previously thought.

* Michael Creeth, biochemist whose experiments were crucial to Watson and Crick's discovery of the double helix structure of DNA.

What is hidden in the technical jargon of the title is that Rosalind Franklin's discovery of the chemical structure of DNA finally revealed to Watson and Crick how genetic instructions are stored inside organisms and passed from generation to generation.