Under his son, Henry VIII of England, the Laws in Wales Acts 1535-1542 were passed, integrating Wales with England in legal terms, abolishing the Welsh legal system, and banning the Welsh language from any official role or status, but it did for the first time define the England-Wales border and allowed members representing constituencies in Wales to be elected to the English Parliament.

They also abolished any legal distinction between the Welsh and the English, thereby effectively ending the Penal Code although this was not formally repealed.

Under the Government of Wales Act 2006, the Counsel General is the chief legal adviser to the Welsh Assembly Government.

Parents have a legal right for their children to receive education in Welsh and each local authority have provisions to cater these needs.

* John Williams ( barrister ) ( 1757 – 1810 ), Welsh barrister and legal writer

While the Welsh gentry embraced the Acts and quickly attempted to merge themselves into English aristocracy, the majority of the population could have found themselves adrift amid a legal and economic system whose language and focus were unfamiliar to them.

This section was not hampered by these extended legal procedures and was built as a Light Railway Order, as it was not part of the original Welsh Highland Railway route and the site of Dinas station had been sold off and thus was not part of the assets of the old WHR company.

* The Bench ( TV series ), a BBC legal drama series set in a Welsh magistrate's court

The Laws in Wales Acts 1535 – 1542 then consolidated the administration of all the Welsh territories and incorporated them fully into the legal system of the Kingdom of England.

Disestablishment meant the end of the Church's special legal status, and Welsh bishops were no longer entitled to sit in the House of Lords as Lords Spiritual.

The new arrangements provided for in the Government of Wales Act 2006 created a formal legal separation between the National Assembly for Wales, the legislature comprising the 60 Assembly members, and the Welsh Government, the executive, comprising the First Minister, Welsh Ministers, Deputy Welsh Ministers and the Counsel General.

The Act created a new post of Counsel General for Wales, the principal source of legal advice to the Welsh Government.

* David Richard Seaborne Davies ( 1904 – 1984 ), Welsh legal academic, briefly a British Liberal Party Member of Parliament in 1945

While Scotland and Northern Ireland have always had separate legal systems to England ( see Scots law and Northern Ireland law ), this has not been the case with Wales ( see English law, Welsh law and Contemporary Welsh Law ).

In 1997, Welsh pop duo ' And all because ...' successfully obtained legal aid and filed legal papers against Ant & Dec, along with their management team, record company and producers for copyright infringement over the song " Falling ", and this was subsequently Ant & Dec's last single.

It was planned to introduce some elements of list-based proportional representation in elections to the Scottish Parliament and Welsh Assembly, and for that, political parties needed to have a stronger legal recognition.

Under the Government of Wales Act 2006, the Counsel General for Wales is the chief legal adviser to the Welsh Government.

The Commission has no legal position in the legislation concerning referendums proposed by the devolved Scottish and Welsh administrations.

He organized and introduced a Welsh medium circulating school system, which was attractive and effective for Welsh speakers, while also teaching them English, which gave them access to broader educational sources.

While First-past-the-post voting is commonly found in countries based on the British parliamentary system, and in Westminster elections in the United Kingdom, the Scottish Parliament and the Welsh National Assembly use a form of PR known as the mixed member system, after New Zealand adopted it in 1993.

* 1283 – Construction of Caernarfon Castle, Conwy Castle ( completed in 1289 ), and Harlech Castle are begun in Wales by King Edward I of England as a system of defenses against possible future Welsh uprisings.

* Construction of Caernarfon Castle, Conwy Castle, and Harlech Castle is begun in Wales by King Edward I of England as a system of defenses against possible future Welsh uprisings.

However, the Welsh laws prescribe this system of division for land in general, not for kingdoms, where there is provision for an edling ( or heir ) to the kingdom to be chosen, usually by the king.

Gerald could not have predicted the later perfection of cynghanedd, the complex system of sound correspondence that has characterized the strict-meter poetry of the Welsh for so many centuries and that is still practised today, especially in competitions for the eisteddfod chair.

Cynghanedd did not become a formal system with strict rules until the fourteenth century, but its uniquely Welsh forms had been honed for centuries before that.

The castle-guard system faded into abeyance in England, being replaced by financial rents, although it continued in the Welsh Marches well into the 13th century and saw some limited use during Edward I's occupation of Scotland in the early 14th century.

When Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond ( descended from the great Welsh House of Tudur ) seized the English throne in 1485, becoming Henry VII, no change was made to the system of governing Wales.

The system eventually adopted without that provision for elections to the Scottish Parliament, Welsh Assembly and London Assembly, but not for elections to the House of Commons.

Along with the harp and timpan, the six-stringed crwth was one of the three main string instruments of the Welsh according to the medieval Triads, and an instrument of the aristocracy with its own native repertoire and a strict examination system though which a master crwth player had to pass.

A similar system operated in Wales, where under Welsh law any of the sons or brothers of the king could be chosen as the edling or heir to the kingdom.

Current first-team players such as Welsh international Andy King, Ghanaian international Jeffrey Schlupp, defender Liam Moore and goalkeeper Conrad Logan have come through the club's youth system in recent years.

It has both Professional and Semi-Professional status clubs and is at the top of the Welsh football league system.

Because of poor north-south transport links within Wales, it has always been easier for Welsh clubs to travel east-west so Welsh clubs tended to look east to England for competitors and many of the top semi-professional sides in Wales played in the English football league system ; Bangor City were founder members of the Football Conference ( then the Alliance Premier League ) in 1979 and reached the FA Trophy final in 1984, before transferring to the new League of Wales in 1992.

One option to extend participation may be for the Welsh clubs playing in the English Football League to field reserve or representative teams in the Welsh Premier League ; however this would also affect European qualification as there would be a representation conflict between the existing WPL clubs and the major Welsh clubs which qualify through the English league system ( see below ).

Alfred Wallace was born in the Welsh village of Llanbadoc, near Usk, Monmouthshire.

As administrator of the Diocese of Hereford, he was involved in fighting against the Welsh, suffering two defeats at the hands of raiders before securing a settlement with Gruffydd ap Llywelyn, a Welsh ruler.

He was also a military leader, and in 1046 he led an unsuccessful expedition against the Welsh.

This was in retaliation for a raid led by the Welsh rulers Gruffydd ap Rhydderch, Rhys ap Rhydderch, and Gruffydd ap Llywelyn.

Ealdred's expedition was betrayed by some Welsh soldiers who were serving with the English, and Ealdred was defeated.

Ealdred unsuccessfully tried to drive off the raiders, but was again routed by the Welsh.

Ealdred was granted the administration in order that the area might have someone with experience with the Welsh in charge.

This story was later retold with more detail by Geoffrey of Monmouth in his fictionalized Historia Regum Britanniae, conflating the personage of Ambrosius with the Welsh tradition of Merlin the visionary, known for oracular utterances that foretold the coming victories of the native Celtic inhabitants of Britain over the Saxons and the Normans.

Hirwaun moor, 4 miles to the north west of Aberdare, was according to tradition the scene of a battle at which Rhys ap Tewdwr, prince of Dyfed, was defeated by the allied forces of the Norman Robert Fitzhamon and Iestyn ap Gwrgant, the last Welsh prince of Glamorgan.

Steam coal was subsequently found in the Rhondda and further west, but many of the great companies of the Welsh coal industry's Gilded Age started operation in Aberdare and the lower Cynon Valley, including those of Samuel Thomas, David Davies and Sons, Nixon's Navigation and Powell Duffryn.

Aberdare, during its boom years, was considered a centre of Welsh culture: it hosted the first National Eisteddfod in 1861, again in 1885, and in 1956 at Aberdare Park where the Gorsedd standing stones still exist.

The Aberdare Athletic Ground was the venue of the first rugby league international between Wales and the New Zealand All Golds on New Year's Day 1908, which was won by the Welsh 9-8.

Owing to its geographical location the town was frequently embroiled in the border warfare and power play of the 12th and 13th centuries in the Welsh Marches.

In 1175, Abergavenny Castle was the scene of a reputed massacre of local Welsh chieftains by the pious and ruthless William de Braose.

Gerald of Wales relates how in 1182 the castle was seized back by the Welsh.

Abergavenny was celebrated for the production of Welsh flannel, and also for the manufacture, whilst the fashion prevailed, of goats ' hair periwigs.

This group of languages ( Welsh, Cornish, Cumbric ) cohabited alongside English into the modern period, but due to their remoteness from the Germanic languages, influence on English was notably limited.

It marked the beginning of summer and was linked to similar festivals held elsewhere in Europe, such as the Welsh Calan Mai and the Germanic Walpurgis Night.

Ó hÓgáin proposes that this term was also used in Scottish Gaelic and Welsh.

Boudica (; alternative spelling: Boudicca ), also known as Boadicea and known in Welsh as Buddug ( d. AD 60 or 61 ) was queen of the British Iceni tribe who led an uprising against the occupying forces of the Roman Empire.

Even after the creation of the Church in Wales 1920, the 1662 book ( and its Welsh equivalent ) was used until 1966, when trials of new services began.