100 BC ) and Bamboo Annals assert the existence of a Xia Dynasty before the Shang.

The Xia Dynasty of China ( from c. 2100 to c. 1600 BC ) is the first dynasty to be described in ancient historical records such as Sima Qian's Records of the Grand Historian and Bamboo Annals.

Sima Qian, writing in the late 2nd century BC, dated the founding of the Xia Dynasty to around 2200 BC, but this date has not been corroborated.

Capitals: of the Song Dynasty, Kaifeng and Lin ' an ; of the Liao Dynasty, Shangjing, Nanjing, and Tokmok ; of the Jin Dynasty, Shangjing, Zhongdu, and Kaifeng ; of the Western Xia Dynasty, Yinchuan

Meanwhile, in what are now the northwestern Chinese provinces of Gansu, Shaanxi, and Ningxia, there emerged a Western Xia Dynasty from 1032 to 1227, established by Tangut tribes.

In the ensuing years, China was divided between the Song Dynasty, the Jin Dynasty and the Tangut Western Xia.

) A calendar using this new year is often referred to as " the Xia Calendar " ( 夏曆 / 夏历 ), following the Shiji which states that under the Xia Dynasty, the year began on the second new moon after the winter solstice.

According to the Han Shu 21a, 973, for the moment of unification the Middle kingdoms had 6 different calendars: those of the mythological progenitors Yellow Emperor ( 黄帝曆 ) and Zhuanxu ( 顓頊曆 ); of the dynasties Xia ( 夏曆 ), Yin ( 殷曆 ), and Zhou ( 周曆 ), and of the Zhou Dynasty state of Lu ( 鲁曆 ).

The earliest records of prohibition of alcohol date back to the Xia Dynasty ( ca.

Yu the Great, the first ruler of the Xia Dynasty, prohibited alcohol throughout the kingdom.

In the Middle Ages, the Mongol Empire's campaign against China ( then comprising the Western Xia Dynasty, Jin Dynasty, and Southern Song Dynasty ) by Genghis Khan until Kublai Khan, who eventually established the Yuan Dynasty in 1271, with their armies was extremely effective, allowing the Mongols to sweep through large areas.

In China, there was a triangular affair of continued war and peace settlements between the Song Dynasty, the Tanguts-led Western Xia in the northwest, and the Khitans of the Liao Dynasty in the northeast.

* 2070 BC ( disputable ): Yu the Great set up the Xia Dynasty, which isn't verified by archeological findings, some propose the Erlitou culture.

* 2040 BC: Beginning of the Xia Dynasty, the first dynasty and government system in China.

* Li Jiqian, Tangut jiedushi who ruled the new Western Xia Dynasty in northwestern China ( b. 963 )

* c. 2030 – 1556 BC — Xia Dynasty, first Chinese dynasty and government system established

Xia (; Pinyin: Xià Xiàn ) is a county in the northern province of Shanxi in the People's Republic of China.

The Shang Dynasty ( Chinese: 商朝 ; pinyin: shāng cháo ) or Yin Dynasty ( 殷代 ; pinyin: yīn dài ), according to traditional historiography, ruled in the Yellow River valley in the second millennium BC, succeeding the Xia Dynasty and followed by the Zhou Dynasty.

According to the traditional chronology based upon calculations by Liu Xin, the Xia ruled between 2205 and 1766 BC ; according to the chronology based upon the Bamboo Annals, it ruled between 1989 and 1558 BC.

Through the 1960s and 1970s, archaeologists have uncovered urban sites, bronze implements, and tombs in the same locations cited in ancient Chinese historical texts regarding Xia ; at a minimum, the Xia Dynasty marked an evolutionary stage between the late neolithic cultures and the typical Chinese urban civilization of the Shang Dynasty.

A doctor named Xia Wuqie ( 夏無且 ) grabbed a medicine bag and attacked Jing Ke ; whereupon the King drew his sword and wounded Jing Ke.

As noted above in the section discussing Emperors, the sovereigns during the Xia Dynasty and Shang Dynasty who called themselves Di ( Chinese: 帝 dì ) and during the Zhou Dynasty who called themselves Wang ( Chinese: 王 or 國王 ; wáng ), was the title of the Chinese head of state until the Qin Dynasty.

As featured within this novel, Nüwa is very highly respected since the time of the Xia Dynasty for being the daughter of the Jade Emperor ; Nüwa is also regularly called the " Snake Goddess ".

The reference to them as separate states should be considered clearly erroneous, given that when Liu Yao changed the name of the state from Han to Zhao in 319, he treated the state as having been continuous from the time that Liu Yuan founded it in 304 ; instead, he de-established royal lineage to the Han Dynasty and claimed ancestry directly from Yu the Great of the Xia Dynasty.

During the Xia and Shang dynasties, the Ying clan split into two branches: a western branch in Quanqiu ( 犬丘 ; near present-day Tianshui, Gansu ), and an eastern branch that lived east of the Yellow River and became the ancestors of the rulers of the Zhao state.

In the 24th century BCE, the Akkadian Empire arose in Mesopotamia ; and c. 2200 BCE the Xia Dynasty arose in China.

In Taiwan beginning in 1977, it was known as Ke Xue Xiao Fei Xia (/, Scientific Flying Fantasy Warriors ), which aired on the China TV network and was repeated several times ; then on American television in 1978, in heavily edited form, as Battle of the Planets ( BOTP for short ).

According to the Bamboo Annals, Yu ruled the Xia Dynasty for 45 years ; and, according to Yue Jueshu ( 越絕書 ), he died from an illness.

1941 ; as When I Was in Xia Village, translated by Gary Bjorge, 1981.

Xia Gui and his contemporary, Ma Yuan, were among the most influential painters of their time ; they had numerous followers who are now referred to as belonging to the Ma-Xia school.

Li Tang had numerous followers, and Xia was one of them ; however, as later works show, he soon developed a personal style.

Under Josetsu's influence, Shūbun started studying Chinese Song Dynasty painting by masters such as Xia Gui and Ma Yuan ; consequently, Shūbun's style was an intermediate step between early Japanese artists who imitated Chinese models very closely, and later artists, who developed a national style.

* Western Xia Dynasty ( 西夏 ; 1038 – 1227 )

* Xia Gui, Chinese painter ( d. c. 1230 ) ( approximate date )

* Xia Gui, Chinese painter ( b. c. 1180 ) ( approximate date ).

* c. 1600 BC: Jie of Xia is overthrown by Tang of Shang in the Battle of Mingtiao

* Jie, Legendary King of the supposed Xia dynasty ( existence disputed ) in China, r. c. 1728 – 1675 BC

Radiocarbon dating places the site at c. 2100 to 1800 BC, providing physical evidence of the existence of a state contemporaneous with and possibly equivalent to the Xia Dynasty as described in Chinese historical works.

Sima Qian stated, based on preceding Chinese records ( Bamboo Annals ), that the Xiongnu's ruling clan were descendants of Chunwei ( 淳維 " Chun tribes "), possibly a son of Jie, the final ruler of the legendary Xia Dynasty ( c. 2070 – 1600 BC ).

These legendary rulers ruled between c. 2850 BC to 2205 BC, before the Xia Dynasty.

In c 1600 BCE, King Tang of Shang defeated Jie, the final Xia Dynasty king, and built Western Bo (), a new capital on the Luo River.

Yu the Great (, c. 2200-2100 BC ), was a legendary ruler in ancient China famed for his introduction of flood control, inaugurating dynastic rule in China by founding the Xia Dynasty, and for his upright moral character.

Family registers were in existence in China as early as the Xia Dynasty ( c. 2100 BCE-1600 BCE ).