Machines such as the Z3, the Atanasoff – Berry Computer, the Colossus computers, and the ENIAC were built by hand using circuits containing relays or valves ( vacuum tubes ), and often used punched cards or punched paper tape for input and as the main ( non-volatile ) storage medium.

Other technological and engineering feats achieved during, or as a result of, the war include the world's first programmable computers ( Z3, Colossus, and ENIAC ), guided missiles and modern rockets, the Manhattan Project's development of nuclear weapons, operations research and the development of artificial harbours and oil pipelines under the English Channel.

Programs were fed into Z3 on punched films.

Conditional jumps were missing, but since the 1990s it has been proved theoretically that Z3 was still a universal computer ( as always, ignoring physical storage limitations ).

The Z3 coupés were only available with the largest 6-cylinder engine offered in the Z3 roadster: the 2. 8 L in 1999 and 2000 and the 3. 0 L in 2000 for Europe and in 2001 for the US.

Exterior changes were larger wheels spaced further apart and more aggressive fenders than were installed on the regular Z3.

The 1999 and 2000 Z3 M coupé models were equipped with the 3. 2 L S50 ( S52 for North America ) engine from the E36 BMW M3, while all the 2001 and 2002 models came with the S54 engine from the E46 BMW M3.

The Z2 and Z3 were follow-ups based on many of the same ideas as the Z1.

The BMW M Roadster was designed to be the performance version of the BMW Z3, and there were significant differences between the two variants.

Finally, the car was available in M-specific colors which were not released for the regular Z3, at least in the early production years ( not counting BMW's Individual program ).

Notwithstanding, the idea of programming language existed earlier ; the first high-level programming language to be designed for a computer was Plankalkül, developed for the German Z3 by Konrad Zuse between 1943 and 1945.

The Z3 was designed by Joji Nagashima of the BMW design team into 1993 and developed from the E36 platform of the 3 Series.

* Z3 — pioneering computer developed by Konrad Zuse in 1941, it was destroyed by bombardment in 1944.

The Z22 was the seventh computer model Konrad Zuse developed ( the first six being the Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4, Z5 and Z11, respectively ).

The M coupe was developed under the leadership of engineer Burkhard Göschel with the intention of adding increased torsional and structural rigidity to the Z3 roadster ’ s chassis.

In order to save space due to its truncated rear end, the Compact used a rear semi-trailing arm suspension based on the older E30 ( also found in the Z3 and M Coupe ), instead of the Z-Axle Multilink employed in all other E36's.

The Z in Z1 originally stood for Zukunft ( German for future ) and would later be used on other cars in the line: the Z3, Z4, and Z8 ).

The Z3 was facelifted, but in common with other BMW M vehicles, the M Roadster's appearance was not updated.

It was not a Turing complete computer, which distinguishes it from more general machines, like contemporary Konrad Zuse's Z3 ( 1941 ), or later machines like the 1946 ENIAC, 1949 EDVAC, the University of Manchester designs, or Alan Turing's post-War designs at NPL and elsewhere.

The first actual implementation of a Turing-complete machine appeared in 1941: the program-controlled Z3 of Konrad Zuse, but the first machine explicitly designed to be Turing complete and widely appreciated as being universal was the 1946 ENIAC.

* ENIAC was, like the Z3 and Mark I, able to run an arbitrary sequence of mathematical operations, but did not read them from a tape.

See electro-mechanical computers such as ARRA ( computer ), Harvard Mark II, Zuse Z2, and Zuse Z3.

In 1941 Konrad Zuse presented the Z3, the world's first fully functional and programmable computer using electromechanical parts.

The relay-based Z3, completed in 1941 had representations for plus and minus infinity.

Zuse's later machine, the Z3, was finished in 1941.

The Z3 thus became the world's first functional program-controlled, all-purpose, digital computer.

* 1910 – Konrad Zuse, German engineer and inventor, invented the Z3 computer ( d. 1995 )

His greatest achievement was the world's first functional program-controlled Turing-complete computer, the Z3, which became operational in May 1941.

There is a replica of the Z3, as well as the original Z4, in the Deutsches Museum in Munich.

Improving on the basic Z2 machine, he built the Z3 in 1941.

The Z3, the first fully operational electromechanical computer, was partially financed by German government-supported DVL ( Deutsche Versuchsanstalt für Luftfahrt, i. e. German Research Institute for Aviation ), which wanted their extensive calculations automated.

Zuse's company ( with the Z1, Z2 and Z3 ) was destroyed in 1945 by an Allied air attack.

* 1941 – Konrad Zuse presents the Z3, the world's first working programmable, fully automatic computer, in Berlin.

* The Z3 as world's first working programmable, fully automatic computing machine was built.

* May 12 – Konrad Zuse presents the Z3, the world's first working programmable, fully automatic computer, in Berlin.

The second movie Zenon: The Zequel takes place in 2051, two years after the first movie, and the 3rd movie in the series, Zenon: Z3 takes place in 2054.

Plankalkül was not published at that time owing to a combination of factors such as conditions in wartime and postwar Germany and his efforts to commercialise the Z3 computer and its successors.

* The German Z3 ( shown working in May 1941 ) was designed by Konrad Zuse.

His later novels included fixups such as The Beast ( aka Moonbeast ) ( 1963 ), Rogue Ship ( 1965 ), Quest for the Future ( 1970 ) and Supermind ( 1977 ); expanded short stories ( The Darkness on Diamondia ( 1972 ), Future Glitter ( aka Tyranopolis ) ( 1973 ); original novels such as Children of Tomorrow ( 1970 ), The Battle of Forever ( 1971 ) and The Anarchistic Colossus ( 1977 ); plus sequels to his classic works, many of which were promised, but only one of which appeared, Null-A Three ( 1984 ; originally published in French ).

A viral marketing campaign ran prior to the release of Shadow of the Colossus, stating the Colossi were actual real statues found by explorers and tourists.

It was eventually attacked using the Colossus computers, which were the first digital program-controlled electronic computers.

Tommy Flowers, who later designed Colossus, " discovered that, so long as valves were switched on and left on, they could operate reliably for very long periods, especially if their ' heaters ' were run on a reduced current ".

Flowers's Colossus and its successor Colossus Mk2 were built by the British during World War II to substantially speed up the task of breaking the German high level Lorenz encryption.

Another nine Colossus Mk2s were built, and all ten machines were surprisingly reliable.

The " all-new, all-different X-Men " were led by Cyclops from the original team and consisted of the newly created Colossus ( from the Soviet Union ), Nightcrawler ( from West Germany ), Storm ( from Kenya ), and Thunderbird ( a Native American from the Apache nation ), along with three previously introduced characters, Banshee ( from Ireland ), Sunfire ( from Japan ), and Wolverine ( from Canada ), who eventually became the breakout character on the team and, in terms of comic sales and appearances, the most popular X-Men character.

Orion came round but Colossus was in the course of going about when her foreyard and foretop yard were shot away.

* The ten British Colossus computers ( used for cryptanalysis starting in 1943 ) were designed by Tommy Flowers.

The Colossus computers were digital, electronic, and were programmed by plugboard and switches, but they were dedicated to code breaking and not general purpose.

The Colossus machines were part of the UK's war effort.

Wallis Budge, The Chronography of Gregory Abu ' l-Faraj, vol I, p. 98, APA – Philo Press, Amsterdam, 1932 ): ( After the Arab pillage of Rhodes ) " And a great number of men hauled on strong ropes which were tied round the brass Colossus which was in the city and pulled it down.

Though they were not part of the team as featured in the animated series, the following X-Men have all guest-starred in at least one episode: Colossus, Nightcrawler, Emma Frost, Forge, Havok, Polaris, Cannonball, Banshee, Northstar, Iceman, Archangel, Longshot, Dazzler, Sunfire, Quicksilver, Psylocke, Cable, and Bishop.

Rhodes is another island where giants were said to have lived, with the Colossus of Rhodes a giant statue of a giant patron god Helios.

The name Maciste was not in the title of the English versions of most of these films: when these films were imported into the USA and dubbed in English, the hero's name was often changed to Hercules, Samson, Goliath, Atlas, or Colossus, because the name Maciste was not widely recognised in the USA.

The exterior scenes of the Colossus control center were filmed at the Lawrence Hall of Science museum at the University of California, Berkeley.

Some were deciphered using hand methods before the process was partially automated, first with Robinson machines and then with the Colossus computers.

When Krakoa captured the original X-Men, it was Moira's students whom Charles went to first — not the second team of Wolverine, Storm, Banshee, Colossus, Nightcrawler, Thunderbird and Sunfire as it was originally believed — putting them through the psionic equivalent of boot camp and allowing them to believe they were being trained over months as X-Men.