Although trait-oriented theories of personality description, and indeed the very notion of universal, enduring traits themselves, have a natural appeal some researchers are critical of their existence outside of the laboratory and present results which imply trait ascription, and consequently trait ascription bias, are simply residue of the methodologies historically used to “ detect ” them.

After 1918, Kostrzewski became involved in bitter polemics about the ethnic ascription of the Lusatian and Pomeranian cultures with the German archaeologist Bolko von Richthofen.

) Once the text of this interpolated letter is removed and the two letters compared, Murphy-O ' Connor asserts that this objection is " drastically weakened ", and concludes, " The arguments against the authenticity of 2 Thessalonians are so weak that it is preferable to accept the traditional ascription of the letter to Paul.

This is evident from his ascription to God of corporeity and his acceptance of the traducian theory of the origin of the soul.

Song of Ascents is a title given to fifteen of the Psalms, 120 – 134 ( 119 – 133 in the Septuagint and the Vulgate ), that each starts with the ascription Shir Hama ' aloth (, meaning " Song of Ascent ").

The traditional ascription of the " Temple of Janus " at Autun, Burgundy, is disputed.

Therefore relating to any ascription of the Scrolls of Abraham by the people of the book is not required.

The ascription of malevolence to the world of spirits is by no means universal.

The starting point is the ascription in the New Testament of the work of creation to the Son of Man, whence it was inferred that the first principle was properly called Man.

As a tribute to the count de Sastago, who had accepted the dedication of the fourth part of the plays, and who had probably helped to defray the publishing expenses, Tirso de Molina is said to have compiled the Genealogía de la casa de Sastago ( 1640 ), but the ascription of this genealogical work is disputed.

In 1971, M. H. Abrams, in A Glossary of Literary Terms, notes that the term has undergone a relative diminishment of form and defines pathetic fallacy as “ a common phenomenon in descriptive poetry, in which the ascription of human traits to inanimate nature is less formally managed than in the figure called personification .”

The exact ascription of his works is doubtful, as his brother Piero did much in collaboration with him.

Egonsson suggested that an entity must be both human and alive to merit an ascription of dignity, while Wertheimer states " it is not a definitional truth that human beings have human status.

The first editor of the epistle, Hugo Menardus ( 1645 ) advocated the genuineness of its ascription to Barnabas, but the opinion today is that Barnabas was not the author.

" As-Sulami " is an ascription to the Banu Sulaym tribe to which his ancestor belonged.

If the ascription of the Shatapatha Brahmana and the Brhadaranyaka Upanishad is genuine, Yājñavalkya has made important contributions to both philosophy, including the apophatic teaching of ' neti neti ', and to astronomy, describing the 95-year cycle to synchronize the motions of the sun and the moon.

There is no direct evidence beyond Bolton's ascription to identify the author with George or Richard Puttenham, the sons of Robert Puttenham and his wife Margaret, the sister of Sir Thomas Elyot, who dedicated his treatise on the Education or Bringing up of Children to her for the benefit of her sons.

He further points out that questioning the honesty of Pausanias is unwarranted, as any well-informed Greek then would probably know the ascription of the monument even centuries after the battle.

This is made even more difficult for English composers such as Dunstaple: scribes in England frequently copied music without any ascription, rendering it immediately anonymous ; and, while continental scribes were more assiduous in this regard, many works published in Dunstaple's name have other, potentially equally valid, attributions in different sources to other composers, including Binchois, John Benet, John Bedyngham, John Forest and, most frequently, Leonel Power.

The correctness of the ascription is, however, doubted by Steinschneider, who believes that this work is identical with one of the same title by Aaron Abraham ben Baruch.

A tragedy entitled Heroick Friendship was printed in 1686 as Otway's work, but the ascription is unlikely.

Averroes ’ commentary attempts to harmonize his assessment of the Poetics with al-Farabi ’ s, but he is ultimately unable to reconcile his ascription of moral purpose to poetry with al-Farabi ’ s logical interpretation.

# A sentence or statement or proposition that ascribes intrinsic properties to something is entirely about that thing ; whereas an ascription of extrinsic properties to something is not entirely about that thing, though it may well be about some larger whole which includes that thing as part.

* The ascription to Pamphilus, by Gemmadius, of a treatise Contra mathematicos was a blunder due to a misunderstanding of Rufinus's preface to the " Apology ".

:* Symbolism: In Jewish, Greek, and European magical botanic symbolism, the ascription given to sweet flag or calamus is generally that of fertility, due to the shape of the plant's fruiting body.

However, the impure distortion results from human ascription of false validity and worship to Divine manifestations, rather than realising their nullification to God's Unity alone.

Species of fraudulence begin with the ascription of the various biographies to different invented ' authors ', and continue with the dedicatory epistles to Diocletian and Constantine, the quotation of fabricated documents, the citation of non-existent authorities, the invention of persons ( extending even to the subjects of some of the minor biographies ), presentation of contradictory information to confuse an issue while making a show of objectivity, deliberately false statements, and the inclusion of material which can be shown to relate to events or personages of the late 4th century rather than the period supposedly being written about.

A work by Zeno Franco and Philip Zimbardo points out differences between heroism and altruism, and they offer evidence that observers ' perceptions of unjustified risk plays a role, above and beyond risk type, in determining the ascription of heroic status.

For the evidence against the ascription, see Postgate, Selections, app.

At least it was evidence of what was attributed to Aesop by others ; but this may have included any ascription to him from the oral tradition in the way of animal fables, fictitious anecdotes, aetiological or satirical myths, possibly even any proverb or joke, that these writers transmitted.

The empirical evidence supporting trait ascription and the psychological mechanisms underpinning it comes from a diverse body of research in psychology and the social sciences.

As such, methods to mitigate the affect of trait ascription bias on personality assessments outside of the lab are also of interest to social scientists.

For each of twenty pairs of polar opposite trait terms ( e. g. “ friendly — unfriendly ”) subjects either ranked the person on a discrete scale or chose “ depends on the situation ”, allowing the subject to “ not make a dispositional ascription .” Based on third-party Q-Sort personality descriptions of the subjects, certain negative personality traits were correlated with those subjects who tended to ascribe dispositions to others, while traits such as “ charming ”, “ interesting ”, and “ sympathetic ” were associated with those who preferred not to ascribe traits.

The work dates, however, from the 12th century, but Trithemius ' erroneous ascription remained current well into the 20th century.

However, trait ascription and trait-based models of personality remain contentious in modern psychology and social science research.

The traditional ascription of the whole book to the prophet Joel was challenged in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries by a theory of a three stage process of composition: 1: 1 – 2: 27 were from the hand of Joel, and dealt with a contemporary issue ; 2: 28 – 3: 21 were ascribed to a continuator with an apocalyptic outlook.

The ascription to Africanus of an encyclopaedic work entitled Kestoi ( Κέστος " embroidered "), treating of agriculture, natural history, military science, etc., has been disputed on account of its secular and often credulous character.

But the gossip, not discouraged by Terence, lived and throve ; it crops up in Cicero and Quintilian, and the ascription of the plays to Scipio had the honour to be accepted by Montaigne and rejected by Diderot.

Most Johannine scholars doubt the reliability of its ascription to Papias, but a minority, including B. W.

Both bourgeoisie and nobility in the 15th and 16th century showed great fascination with these arts, which exerted an exotic charm by their ascription to Arabic, Jewish, Gypsy and Egyptian sources.

Atherton she wrote: In particular their ascription of the whole thing to a dream of HCE seems to me nonsensical.

The frequent ascription of the action of establishing ( Ydha ) the phenomena of the world to different gods, gradually led to the conception of a separate deity exercising this particular activity.

To Barth, ethnicity was perpetually negotiated and renegotiated by both external ascription and internal self-identification.

Historians have formulated two main arguments against the ascription to Florence and in favour of that to John.

The general likeness of this poem to Barbour's accepted work in verse-length, dialect and style, and the facts that the lives of English saints are excluded and those of St. Machar ( the patron saint of Aberdeen ) and St. Ninian are inserted, make this ascription plausible.

The direct ascription of iii.

" This was the Puritan term for the verse ascription used at the conclusion of every hymn, like the " Gloria ," at the end of a chanted psalm.

The ascription of its authorship to the biblical patriarch Abraham shows the high esteem which it enjoyed for centuries.