This does not require oxygen ; if no oxygen is available ( or the cell cannot use oxygen ), the NAD is restored by converting the pyruvate to lactate ( lactic acid ) ( e. g., in humans ) or to ethanol plus carbon dioxide ( e. g., in yeast ).

Production of heavier elements, from carbon to the very heaviest elements, proceeds by stellar nucleosynthesis, and these were made available for later solar system and planetary formation by planetary nebulae and supernovae, which blast these elements into space.

These include the amount of light available, the amount of leaf area a plant has to capture light ( shading by other plants is a major limitation of photosynthesis ), rate at which carbon dioxide can be supplied to the chloroplasts to support photosynthesis, the availability of water, and the availability of suitable temperatures for carrying out photosynthesis.

Fungi can transfer carbon and nitrogen through their hyphal networks and thus, unlike bacteria, are not dependent solely on locally available resources.

In simple chemistry, as per valence bond theory, the carbon atom must follow the " 4-hydrogen rule ", which states that the maximum number of atoms available to bond with carbon is equal to the number of electrons that are attracted into the outer shell of carbon. In terms of shells, carbon consists of an incomplete outer shell, which comprises 4 electrons, and thus has 4 electrons available for covalent or dative bonding.

Since carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless and tasteless gas, and poses a potentially fatal threat, detectors have become commercially available to warn of dangerous levels in residences.

The advantage of aeroponics is that suspended aeroponic plants receive 100 % of the available oxygen and carbon dioxide to the roots zone, stems, and leaves, thus accelerating biomass growth and reducing rooting times.

During combustion, Napalm rapidly deoxygenates the available air and generates large amounts of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.

“ Reduction is incomplete combustion of fuel, caused by a shortage of oxygen, which produces carbon monoxide ” ( Arbuckle, 4 ) Eventually, all of the available oxygen is used.

A few, however, are obligate heterotrophs, while others can live heterotrophically in the absence of light, provided an appropriate organic carbon source is available.

Saturated compounds are " saturated " with hydrogen — all available places where hydrogen atoms could be bonded to carbon atoms are occupied.

There are four major strategies available to mitigate carbon emissions through forestry activities: increase the amount of forested land through a reforestation process ; increase the carbon density of existing forests at a stand and landscape scale ; expand the use of forest products that will sustainably replace fossil-fuel emissions ; and reduce carbon emissions that are caused from deforestation and degradation.

* 200 attoseconds ( approximately ) – half-life of beryllium-8, maximum time available for the triple-alpha process for the synthesis of carbon and heavier elements in stars.

In addition, a factory for the production of carbon black was constructed to claim the residue available from the burning of the " dry " gas.

SBA makes loans to individual small business firms, providing them with financing when it is not otherwise available through private lending sources on reasonable terms.

The Government of India further agrees in cooperation with the Government of the United States, to coordinate the use of grant and loan funds provided for in paragraphs 1 ( B ) and 1 ( C ) of Article 2, with such direct dollar assistance as may be made available by the Government of the United States of America, so that both sources of financing may be channeled to specific and clearly identifiable economic development programs and projects.

Charts for this purpose are available from many sources.

Of the remaining planets, only Mars and Saturn have been observed as radio sources, and not very much information is available.

Approaching this problem on a statistical basis is invalid, because the opponent has the same sources available and will be encountered not under average conditions, but under the conditions most advantageous to him.

Thus, the emperor could draw on sources not available to those with less puissant ancestors.

The Cartridge-port ROM-slots provided additional control lines, ( compared to the lines available via the Edge-connector on the rear of the Electron ), such as ROMSTBY, SNDIN, ROMQA, and some additional Voltage sources (+ 16V ) etc.

It primarily eats zooplankton, insects, insect larvae, and phytoplankton, although it can eat a variety of other foods, such as worms and small crustaceans, if its preferred sources are not readily available.

Older editions of the CIA World Factbook, going back to 1989, country rankings constructed from CIA data, and additional country information from other sources are available at the Countries of the World website, which was begun in 1996.

Capybara groups can consist of as many as 50 or 100 individuals during the dry season, when the animals gather around available water sources.

It is not contempt of court ( under section 10 of the Act ) for a journalist to refuse to disclose his sources, unless the court has considered the evidence available and determined that the information is " necessary in the interests of justice or national security or for the prevention of disorder or crime.

The main sources available for discussion of this period include Gildas's De Excidio Britanniae and Nennius's Historia Brittonum, the Annales Cambriae, Anglo Saxon Chronicle, William of Malmesbury's Gesta Regum Anglorum and De Antiquitate Glastoniensis Ecclesiae, along with texts from the Black Book of Carmarthen and the Red Book of Hergest, and Bede's Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum as well as " The Descent of the Men of the North " ( Bonedd Gwŷr y Gogledd, in Peniarth MS 45 and elsewhere ) and the Book of Baglan.

In 1831 he published a short popular account of the philosopher's life in Murray's Family Library ; but it was not until 1855 that he was able to issue the much fuller Memoirs of the Life, Writings and Discoveries of Sir Isaac Newton, a work which embodied the results of more than 20 years ' investigation of original manuscripts and other available sources.

He has also made his many sources and the calculations used, from a pre-publisher manuscript of his book Statistics of Democide, available online.

Other predefined circuits are available from developer communities such as OpenCores ( typically released under free and open source licenses such as the GPL, BSD or similar license ), and other sources.

As Bopp based his research on the best available sources and incorporated every new item of information that came to light, his work continued to widen and deepen in the making.

The information available on Greek fire is exclusively indirect, based on references in the Byzantine military manuals and a number of secondary historical sources such as Anna Komnene and Western European chroniclers, which are often inaccurate.

Though his sources on Gnosticism were secondary, since the texts in the Nag Hammadi library were not yet widely available, Eric Voegelin ( 1901 – 1985 ), partially building on the concept of gnosis as used by Plato and the followers of Gnosticism, along with how it was defined by Hans Jonas, defined the gnosis of the followers of Gnosticism as religious philosophical teachings that are the foundations of cults.

Most sources that we do have available come from United States agencies such as the Agency for International Development ( USAID ).

Early editors of Shakespeare's works, beginning with Nicholas Rowe ( 1709 ) and Lewis Theobald ( 1733 ), combined material from the two earliest sources of Hamlet available at the time, Q2 and F1.

Madelung said of hadith: " Work with the narrative sources, both those that have been available to historians for a long time and others which have been published recently, made it plain that their wholesale rejection as late fiction is unjustified and that with without a judicious use of them, a much more reliable and accurate portrait of the period can be drawn than has been realized so far.

Custom bullet molds are available from a number of sources, allowing the handloader to pick the exact weight, shape, and diameter of the bullet to fit the cartridge, firearm, and intended use.

This requires a set of bullet molds, which are available from a number of sources, and a source of known quality lead.

There is no official new release but the sources for a future 1. 2 release are available from Subversion repository.

All of the stories in Cosmicomics, together with those from t zero and other sources, are now available in a single volume collection, The Complete Cosmicomics ( Penguin UK, 2009 ).

Since the hazards of poor communication are so great, p can be justified as a habitable site only on the basis of unusual productivity such as is made available by a waterfall for milling purposes, a mine, or a sugar maple camp.

In the field of the natural sciences, scientifically verified data are quite readily available and any discussion can be shortened with good results.

Using launch systems presently available, we are developing satellites to scout the world's weather ; ;

They enlisted the help of the New Jersey congressman, who has been able to trace the letters to the national archives, where they are available on microfilm.

There are many soft and light shoe leathers available.

The respective vocabularies `` essential for travel '' are available in separate albums.

The program was instituted in 1940, and releases are available only from the Recording Laboratory of the Library of Congress, Washington 25, D.C..

There are lots of jobs available for trained high school graduates, but not for the dropouts.

Production specialists in SBA regional offices are available to help individual small business concerns with technical production problems.

Guidance and advice are available on new product research and development ; ;

Production specialists are available in SBA regional offices to help individual small business concerns with technical production problems.

Small Business Administration, What It Is, What It Does, SBA Services For Community Economic Development, and various other useful publications on currently important management, technical production, and marketing topics are available, on request, from Small Business Administration, Washington 25, D.C..

U.S. Government Purchasing, Specifications, And Sales Directory, 60 cents, are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C..

SBA loans, which may be made to small manufacturers, small business pools, wholesalers, retailers, service establishments and other small businesses ( when financing is not otherwise available to them on reasonable terms ), are to finance business construction, conversion, or expansion ; ;

and Small Business Pooling are available, on request, from Small Business Administration, Washington 25, D.C., and its regional offices.

Three distinct classes of loans are made available to farmers' cooperatives by the Banks for Cooperatives: Commodity loans, operating capital loans, and facility loans.

or a skilled labor force is trained before there are plants available in which they can be employed.

Few records are available concerning the subject prior to 1940.

Those that are available shed little light.

The mapping of important physical features such as slopes and types of soil and the collection of all available information pertaining to public utility service areas are being conducted as staff projects and, like the other two inventory projects, are scheduled for completion July 1, 1961.

Its elimination would result in the saving of interest costs, heavy when short-term money rates are high, and in freedom from dependence on credit which is not always available when needed most.

Research and development activities undertaken by the Secretary shall be coordinated or conducted jointly with the Department of Defense to the end that developments under this Act which are primarily of a civil nature will contribute to the defense of the Nation and that developments which are primarily of a military nature will, to the greatest practicable extent compatible with military and security requirements, be available to advance the purposes of this Act and to strengthen the civil economy of the Nation.

There are authorized to be appropriated such sums, to remain available until expended, as may be necessary, but not more than $75,000,000 in all, ( A ) to carry out the provisions of this Act during the fiscal years 1962 to 1967, inclusive ; ;