Another species of chimpanzee, the bonobo, has also been observed to engage in group hunting, but eats a mostly frugivorous diet.

Scientists such as Jared Diamond in The Third Chimpanzee, and Morris Goodman of Wayne State University in Detroit suggest that the bonobo and common chimpanzee are so closely related to humans that their genus name also should be classified with the human genus Homo: Homo paniscus, Homo sylvestris, or Homo arboreus.

The bonobo also has a slim upper body, narrow shoulders, thin neck, and long legs when compared to the common chimpanzee.

Bonobo females also engage in female – female genital behavior, possibly to bond socially with each other, thus forming a female nucleus of bonobo society.

Kanzi ( born October 28, 1980 ), also known by the lexigram 20px, is a male bonobo who has been featured in several studies on great ape language.

It was a great surprise to researchers then when one day, while Matata was away, Kanzi began competently using the lexigrams, becoming not only the first observed ape to have learned aspects of language naturalistically rather than through direct training, but also the first observed bonobo to appear to use some elements of language at all.

Nyota ( pronounced en-yota ) ( born 1998 ), also known by the lexigram 20px, is a bonobo.

VHEMT has also published cartoons, including a comic strip titled " Bonobo Baby ", featuring a woman who forgoes childbearing in favor of adopting a bonobo.

Multivariate analysis has shown bonobos are more neotenized than the common chimpanzee, taking into account such features as the proportionately long torso length of the bonobo.

According to Sue Savage-Rumbaugh, a primatologist who has studied the bonobo throughout her life, Kanzi has exhibited advanced linguistic aptitude.

The homosexual activities of bonobos are of special interest because of their genetic closeness to humans ; however, despite their genetic similarity, bonobo sexuality has been described as " not driven by orgasm or seeking release.

The extended estrous period of the bonobo ( reproductive-age females are in heat for 75 % of their menstrual cycle ) has been said to have a similar effect to the lack of a " heat " in human females.

While concealed human ovulation may have evolved in this fashion of extending estrus until it was no longer a distinct period, as paralleled in the bonobo, this hypothesis for why concealed ovulation evolved has frequently been rejected.

Antwerp Zoo has played its role in preservation and breeding programmes for several endangered species like the okapi, the Przewalski horse, the Congo Peafowl, the bonobo, the golden-headed lion tamarin, the European otter, and others.

The DNA of gorillas is highly similar to that of a human, from 95 – 99 % depending on what is counted, and they are the next closest living relatives to humans after the bonobo and common chimpanzee.

Along with the common chimpanzee, the bonobo is the closest extant relative to humans.

These physical characteristics and its posture give the bonobo an appearance more closely resembling that of humans than that of the common chimpanzee.

An adult human had 82, 855 such cells, a gorilla had 16, 710, a bonobo had 2, 159, and a chimpanzee had a mere 1, 808despite the fact that chimpanzees and bonobos are great apes most closely related to humans.

Going by genetic differences, humans should be treated as a third species of chimpanzee ( after the common chimpanzee and the bonobo )

All but Kanzi, who remained perfectly calm ; he then communicated with Savage-Rumbaugh using bonobo vocalizations ; Savage-Rumbaugh understood these vocalizations, and said to Raffaele, " he'd like you to do it again just for him, in a room out back, so the others won't get upset.

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DNA evidence suggests the bonobo and common chimpanzee species separated from each other less than one million years ago ( similar in relation between Homo sapiens and Neanderthals ).

According to anthropologist Maurice Godelier, one critical novelty in human society, in contrast to humanity's closest biological relatives ( chimpanzees and bonobo ), is the parental role assumed by the males, which supposedly would be absent in our nearest relatives for whom paternity is not generally determinable.

The bonobo ( or ), Pan paniscus, previously called the pygmy chimpanzee and less often, the dwarf or gracile chimpanzee, is a great ape and one of the two species making up the genus Pan ; the other is Pan troglodytes, or the common chimpanzee.

Initial genetic studies characterised the DNA of chimpanzees ( common chimpanzee and bonobo, collectively ) as being as much as 98 % ( 99. 4 % in one study ) identical to that of Homo sapiens.

DNA evidence suggests the bonobo and common chimpanzee species effectively separated from each other fewer than one million years ago.

Anything that arouses the interest of more than one bonobo at a time, not just food, tends to result in sexual contact.

The Congo's formation may have led to the allopatric speciation of the bonobo and the common chimpanzee from their most recent common ancestor.

While many of these analyses have been performed on the common chimpanzee rather than the bonobo, the differences between the two chimpanzee species are unlikely to be substantial enough to affect the Pan-Homo comparative data significantly.

It started with just a few species, now it displays more than 30 different primates, among them bonobo, gorilla and orangutan.

It is considered more robust than the bonobo, weighing between and measuring approximately from head to tail.

After a previous initial analysis by the National Human Genome Research Institute confirmed that the bonobo genome is about 0. 4 % divergent from the chimpanzee genome.

In addition, Svante Pääbo's group at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology is currently sequencing the genome of a female bonobo from the Leipzig zoo.

The bonobo, Kanzi, who learned to speak using a keyboard with lexigrams, picked up some sign language from watching videos of Koko ; Kanzi's researcher, Sue Savage-Rumbaugh, did not realize he could sign until Kanzi began signing to anthropologist Dawn Prince-Hughes, who had previously worked closely with gorillas.

The bonobo is popularly known for its high levels of sexual behavior.

The name " bonobo " first appeared in 1954, when Tratz and Heck proposed it as a new and separate generic term for pygmy chimpanzees.

For example, bonobo chimpanzee groups are known for low levels of aggression within a partially matriarchal society.

Major studies of behaviour in the field were completed on the three better-known " great apes ", for example by Jane Goodall, Dian Fossey and Birute Galdikas ( field work on gibbons and the bonobo is still relatively underdeveloped ).

Sex for a bonobo is casual, it's quick ".

While comparing the homologous genes of human SIGLEC11 and its pseudogene in chimpanzee, bonobo, gorilla and orangutan, it came to know about the event of gene conversion of the sequence of 5 ’ upstream regions and the exons that encodes the sialic acid recognition domain which counts approximately 2kb by the closely flanking hSIGLECP16 pseudogene ( Hayakawa et al., 2005 ).

Most studies indicate that females have a higher social status in bonobo society.

Sexual intercourse plays a major role in bonobo society observed in captivity, being used as what some scientists perceive as a greeting, a means of forming social bonds, a means of conflict resolution, and postconflict reconciliation.