The freeway with narrowly spaced interchanges concentrates and mitigates the access problem, but it also acts inevitably as an artificial, isolating boundary.

For shapes with curved boundary, calculus is usually required to compute the area.

A classic example of this is the replacement of the non-avian dinosaurs with mammals at the end of the Cretaceous, and of brachiopods by bivalves at the Permo-Triassic boundary.

In 1893, Mortimer Durand was deputed to Kabul by the government of British India for this purpose of settling an exchange of territory required by the demarcation of the boundary between northeastern Afghanistan and the Russian possessions, and in order to discuss with Amir Abdur Rahman Khan other pending questions.

Expanding upon the work of Lanchester, Ludwig Prandtl is credited with developing the mathematics behind thin-airfoil and lifting-line theories as well as work with boundary layers.

Discussions continue with Croatia on several small disputed sections of the boundary related to maritime access that hinder final ratification of the 1999 border agreement.

Malaysia's land boundary with Brunei around Limbang is currently in dispute.

; 3. 1: To test a shuttlecock, use a full underhand stroke which makes contact with the shuttlecock over the back boundary line.

However, since " bronze " is a somewhat imprecise term, and historical pieces have variable compositions, in particular with an unclear boundary with brass, modern museum and scholarly descriptions of older objects increasingly use the more cautious and inclusive term " copper alloy " instead.

The more familiar triangular boundary in most written works has as its points somewhere on the Atlantic coast of Miami ; San Juan, Puerto Rico ; and the mid-Atlantic island of Bermuda, with most of the accidents concentrated along the southern boundary around the Bahamas and the Florida Straits.

An expanding universe generally has a cosmological horizon which, by analogy with the more familiar horizon caused by the curvature of the Earth's surface, marks the boundary of the part of the universe that an observer can see.

The 800-kilometre boundary with Thailand, coincides with a natural feature, the watershed of the Dangrek Mountains, only in its northern sector.

Cambodia is involved in a dispute regarding offshore islands and sections of the boundary with Vietnam.

In addition, the maritime boundary Cambodia has with Vietnam is undefined.

Parts of Cambodia's border with Thailand are indefinite, and the maritime boundary with Thailand is not clearly defined.

The end of the Cretaceous is defined by the K – Pg boundary, a geologic signature associated with the mass extinction which lies between the Mesozoic and Cenozoic Eras.

Also known as the K – T extinction event, it is associated with a geological signature known variously as the K – T boundary, the Cretaceous – Paleogene boundary or the K – Pg boundary, usually a thin band of sedimentation visible wherever rocks of this age are exposed.

Mammalian clades passed through the boundary with few extinctions, evolving and thriving well past the event.

Epirus ' eastern boundary is defined by the Pindus Mountains, that form the spine of mainland Greece and separate Epirus from Macedonia and Thessaly.

Acarnania () is a region of west-central Greece that lies along the Ionian Sea, west of Aetolia, with the Achelous River for a boundary, and north of the gulf of Calydon, which is the entrance to the Gulf of Corinth.

The southern boundary is not mentioned ; however, Apis is said to have come to Argos from Naupactus " across " ( peras ), implying that Argos includes all of east Greece from the north of Thessaly to the Peloponnesian Argos, where the Danaids are probably to be conceived as having landed.

The southern boundary is not mentioned ; however, Apis is said to have come to Argos from Naupactus " across " ( peras ), implying that Argos includes all of east Greece from the north of Thessaly to the Peloponnesian Argos, where the Danaids are probably to be conceived as having landed.

Since the early stages of the Greek Revolution, the provisional government of Greece claimed Volos as part of Greek national territory, but the Treaty of Constantinople ( 1832 ), which established a Greek independent state, set its northern boundary between Arta and Volos.

The boundary line separating Greece from Bulgaria was drawn from the crest of Belasica to the mouth of the Mesta ( Nestos ), on the Aegean Sea.

There was a boundary dispute between Greece and Albania.

The banks of the river are covered mainly by deciduous trees that extend into halfway between Bulgaria and Greece where it forms the modern boundary of Greek Macedonia and Thrace, as well as the boundary between the Kavala and the Xanthi regional units, having first crossed the Drama regional unit.

They never troubled themselves about us while we were playing, because the fence formed such a definite boundary and `` Don't go outside the gate '' was a command so impossible of misinterpretation.

The West was now glad to propose the 1919 Curzon Line, which was substantially Russia's 1941 border, as the boundary between Russia and Poland.

This was the Treaty of York which defined the boundary between the two kingdoms as running between the Solway Firth ( in the west ) and the mouth of the River Tweed ( in the east ).

By its terms the boundary between Alfred ’ s and Guthrum ’ s kingdoms was to run up the River Thames, to the River Lea ; follow the Lea to its source ( near Luton ); from there extend in a straight line to Bedford ; and from Bedford follow the River Ouse to Watling Street.

The final boundary was set in 1425 by an arbitration tribunal and Lucerne had to give the three Ämter to be collectively ruled.

Burundi and Rwanda dispute sections of border on the Akanyaru / Kanyaru and the Kagera / Nyabarongo rivers, which have changed course since the 1960s, when the boundary was delimited ; cross-border conflicts among Tutsi, Hutu, other ethnic groups, associated political rebels, armed gangs, and various government forces persist in the Great Lakes region.

Oppenheimer and his co-authors interpreted the singularity at the boundary of the Schwarzschild radius as indicating that this was the boundary of a bubble in which time stopped.

This was the beginning of the coastline problem, which is how to arrive at an estimate of a boundary that is infinite.

The result of the bloody three-day confrontation known as the Battle of the Maule was that the Inca conquest of the territories of Chile ended at the Maule river, which subsequently became the boundary between the Incan empire and the Mapuche lands until the arrival of the Spaniards.

There was a progressive decline in biodiversity during the Maastrichtian stage of the Cretaceous period prior to the suggested ecological crisis induced by events at the K – Pg boundary ( K – T boundary ).

Despite the severity of this boundary event, there was significant variability in the rate of extinction between and within different clades.

Even though the boundary event was severe, there was significant variability in the rate of extinction between and within different clades.

The turnover in this group is clearly marked at the species level .< ref > Statistical analysis of marine losses at this time suggests that the decrease in diversity was caused more by a sharp increase in extinctions than by a decrease in speciation .< ref > The K – T boundary record of dinoflagellates is not as well-understood, mainly because only microbial cysts provide a fossil record, and not all dinoflagellate species have cyst-forming stages, thereby likely causing diversity to be underestimated.

Due to the wholesale destruction of plants at the K – T boundary there was a proliferation of saprotrophic organisms such as fungi that do not require photosynthesis and use nutrients from decaying vegetation.

Only one family of pterosaurs, Azhdarchidae, was definitely present in the Maastrichtian, and it became extinct at the K – T boundary.

Long-term survival past the boundary was assured as a result of filling ecological niches left empty by extinction of non-avian dinosaurs.

It was renamed Concord in 1765 by Governor Benning Wentworth following a bitter boundary dispute between Rumford and the town of Bow ; the city name was meant to reflect the new concord, or harmony, between the disputant towns.

Most of the boundary between Delaware and Pennsylvania was originally defined by an arc extending from the cupola of the courthouse in the city of New Castle.

In 1797, Thompson was sent south by his employers to survey part of Canada-U. S. boundary along the water routes from Lake Superior to Lake of the Woods to satisfy unresolved questions of territory arising from the Jay Treaty between Great Britain and the United States.