In experiments with topical application of strychnine on the cerebral cortex, the transmission of impulses from the cortex to the hypothalamus was demonstrated.

Apparently, a positive feedback exists between the posterior hypothalamus and the cerebral cortex.

Any type of focal lesion of the central nervous system ( such as stroke, brain tumour, multiple sclerosis ) will cause the type of ataxia corresponding to the site of the lesion: cerebellar if in the cerebellum, sensory if in the dorsal spinal cord ( and rarely in the thalamus or parietal lobe ), vestibular if in the vestibular system ( including the vestibular areas of the cerebral cortex ).

Death of neurons in the cerebral cortex, especially in women, has been linked to the use of both typical and atypical antipsychotics for individuals with Alzheimers.

In a typical human the cerebral cortex ( the largest part ) is estimated to contain 15 – 33 billion neurons, each connected by synapses to several thousand other neurons.

The length of an axon can be extraordinary: for example, if a pyramidal cell of the cerebral cortex were magnified so that its cell body became the size of a human body, its axon, equally magnified, would become a cable a few centimeters in diameter, extending more than a kilometer.

Some parts, such as the cerebral cortex and cerebellum, consist of layers that are folded or convoluted to fit within the available space.

In reptiles and mammals, it is called the cerebral cortex.

In many mammals, the cerebral cortex consists of folded bulges called gyri that create deep furrows or fissures called sulci.

The cerebral cortex is the part of the brain that most strongly distinguishes mammals.

The elaboration of the cerebral cortex carries with it changes to other brain areas.

The superior colliculus, which plays a major role in visual control of behavior in most vertebrates, shrinks to a small size in mammals, and many of its functions are taken over by visual areas of the cerebral cortex.

The cerebellum of mammals contains a large portion ( the neocerebellum ) dedicated to supporting the cerebral cortex, which has no counterpart in other vertebrates.

The classic histologic appearance is spongiform change in the gray matter: the presence of many round vacuoles from one to 50 micrometres in the neuropil, in all six cortical layers in the cerebral cortex or with diffuse involvement of the cerebellar molecular layer.

In his paper " Evolution of consciousness ," John Eccles argued that special anatomical and physical properties of the mammalian cerebral cortex gave rise to consciousness.

In the visual system, for example, sensory signals from the eyes are transmitted to the thalamus and then to the primary visual cortex ; inside the cerebral cortex they are sent to areas that extract features such as three-dimensional structure, shape, color, and motion.

The first is the cerebral cortex which is the gray matter covering the outer layer of the brain.

Made up of a system of acetylcholine-producing neurons, the ascending track, or ascending reticular activating system ( ARAS ), works to arouse and wake up the brain, from the RF, through the thalamus, and then finally to the cerebral cortex.

** the Motor cortex, the regions of the cerebral cortex involved in voluntary motor functions

** the Visual cortex, regions of the cerebral cortex involved in visual functions

The electric gadget is most helpful when there are many crowned teeth and in individuals who are elderly, bedfast with a chronic disease, or are handicapped by disorders such as cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy.

If a cerebral AVM is detected before a stroke occurs, usually the arteries feeding blood into the nidus can be closed off to avert the danger.

Brain abscess ( or cerebral abscess ) is an abscess caused by inflammation and collection of infected material, coming from local ( ear infection, dental abscess, infection of paranasal sinuses, infection of the mastoid air cells of the temporal bone, epidural abscess ) or remote ( lung, heart, kidney etc.

It is therefore necessary to investigate the integrity of the bilateral cerebral cortices, as well as that of the reticular activating system ( RAS ) in a comatose patient.

In the 1950s George Reeves series, Clark Kent is portrayed as a cerebral character who is the crime reporter for the Daily Planet and who as Kent uses his intelligence and powers of deduction to solve crimes ( often before Inspector Henderson does ) before catching the villain as Superman.

A cerebral arteriovenous malformation ( AVM ) is an abnormal connection between the arteries and veins in the brain.

A common method of grading cerebral AVMs is the Spetzler-Martin grade.

The prognosis is poor with about half of the infants dying in the first year of life ; most if not all surviving infants are severely intellectually disabled and many have cerebral palsy.

However, in the brain ( part of the central nervous system ), the " basal ganglia " is a group of nuclei interconnected with the cerebral cortex, thalamus and brainstem, associated with a variety of functions: motor control, cognition, emotions, and learning.

The lesion involved in this syndrome is thought to be in the posterior thalamus on either side, or multiple areas of the right cerebral hemisphere.

One of the smallest in marsupials with no more than 0. 2 % of its body weight, about 40 % of the cranial cavity is filled with cerebrospinal fluid, while the brain's two cerebral hemispheres are like " a pair of shrivelled walnut halves on top of the brain stem, in contact neither with each other nor the bones of the skull.

In Strong Poison Lord Peter encounters Harriet Vane, a cerebral, Oxford-educated mystery writer, while she is on trial for the murder of her former lover.

It is now generally assumed that the following structures of the cerebral cortex near the primary and secondary auditory cortexes play a fundamental role in speech processing:

A microgyrus is an area of the cerebral cortex that includes only four cortical layers instead of six.

Another estimate is 86 billion neurons, of which 16. 3 billion are in the cerebral cortex, and 69 billion in the cerebellum.

" Psychometrics, one of the most obscure, esoteric and cerebral professions in America, is now also one of the hottest.

However, in 2003, a joint group of Russian and American historians announced their view that Stalin had ingested flavorless warfarin, a powerful rat poison that inhibits coagulation of the blood and which predisposes the victim to hemorrhagic stroke ( cerebral hemorrhage ).

Shemp rejoined the group after Curly suffered a debilitating cerebral hemorrhage in May 1946, reinstating the original line-up until November 1955, when Shemp died of a heart attack.

These are a group of nuclei in the brain that are interconnected with the cerebral cortex, thalamus, and brain stem.

The study found a significant decrease in the incidence of cerebral palsy in the group of premature infants with the highest growth rate.

The term cerebral small vessel disease refers to a group of pathological processes with various aetiologies that affect the small arteries, arterioles, venules, and capillaries of the brain.

Marie Trintignant died aged 41 of a cerebral edema on 1 August 2003 in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France, as a result of being repeatedly punched by her boyfriend Bertrand Cantat, lead singer with the French rock group, Noir Désir, during a domestic dispute provoked by a text message.

Below the cerebral cortex, the precuneus is connected with the dorsalmost nuclei of the thalamus, including the ventral lateral nucleus, the central and anterior nuclei of the intralaminar nuclear group, and the lateral pulvinar.

Of the hemorrhagic deaths, 5 cerebral hemorrhages were reported in the Neupogen group and 1 in the placebo group.

Quarles is a withdrawn, cerebral man, ill at ease with the everyday world and its emotions ; Elinor loves him, but is tempted to enter into an affair with the bold and attractive Everard Webley, a political demagogue and leader of his own quasi-military group, the Brotherhood of British Freemen.

A second group of PME diseases belonging to the class of cerebral storage diseases usually involves myoclonus, visual problems, dementia, and dystonia ( sustained muscle contractions that cause twisting movements or abnormal postures ).

The deep / internal group of cerebral veins can be seen on the superior surfaces of the caudate nuclei and thalami just under the corpus callosum.

One group examined slices of brain from patients having had multiple mild traumatic brain injuries and found changes in the cells ' cytoskeletons, which they suggested might be due to damage to cerebral blood vessels.

After her first child, Sammie, was born with cerebral palsy, Horton decided to leave the group entirely, doing so before the release of the hit " My Baby Must Be a Magician ".

As a group of criminals rob a Chinese restaurant, the event is recorded by a robber wearing a ' SQUID ', or " Superconducting Quantum Interference Device ", which records events directly from the wearer's cerebral cortex, and when played back through a MiniDisc-like device allow a user to experience the recorder's memory as if was his or her own.

Julie Power and Johnny Gallo are also the subject of character retcons during the course of the series: whereas in his Runaways appearance Johnny's reasons for joining the group were given as being so he could be around other ex-teen heroes who had experienced early fame as a superhero and later couldn't cope without it, this was revised in Loners to being that he used superheroics for thrill seeking and to meet women, then revised a third time to being a response to his friend being killed during a superhero battle ( though this battle-occurring during the events of the ' Wolverine: Enemy of the State ' story arc-did not actually occur until after Johnny first appeared as a member of the Los Angeles-based Excelsior group, though he is portrayed during Loners in flashbacks as still living in New York at the time, working as a superhero alongside the friend in question: Eddie McDonough, who is also portrayed as being back in the Hornet armor he lost, somehow cured of the cerebral palsy which afflicted him ).

Many diseases that cause cerebral atrophy are associated with dementia, seizures, and a group of language disorders called the aphasias.

A large group of researchers headed up by Dr. Hershel Toomim and his wife Marjorie have repeatedly found that NIR HEG training can consciously enhance regional cerebral oxygenation to specific areas of the brain and result in increased performance on cognitiive tasks.