Although Abensberg was an autonomous city, it remained dependent on the powerful Dukes of Bavaria.

During the Middle Ages, Aachen remained a city of regional importance, due to its proximity to Flanders, achieving a modest position in the trade in woollen cloths, favoured by imperial privilege.

The city remained a Free Imperial City, subject to the Emperor only, but was politically far too weak to influence the policies of any of its neighbours.

Only 4, 000 inhabitants remained in the city ; the rest had followed evacuation orders.

West Berlin officially remained an occupied city, but as a corpus separatum it politically was very closely aligned with Federal Republic of Germany despite Berlin's geographic location within East Germany.

After conquering Edirne ( Adrianople ) in 1365 the Ottomans turned it into a joint capital city for governing their European realms, but Bursa remained the most important Anatolian administrative and commercial center even after it lost its status as the sole Ottoman capital.

The Turks called the city Istanbul ( though not officially renamed until 1930 ) and it has remained Turkey's largest and most populous city, although Ankara is now the capital.

Barcelona remained the second largest city in Spain, at the heart of a region which was relatively industrialised and prosperous, despite the devastation of the civil war.

The city had remained neutral through the Swabian War of 1499 despite being plundered by soldiers on both sides.

When the Dictator was away from Rome, the magister equitum usually remained behind to administer the city.

What remained of the city was razed by fire.

The city played no major role in the Industrial Revolution, but remained the centre of administration and a transport hub for most of the island.

The city of Rome itself and the surrounding Suburbicarian diocese ( where Roman senators held the bulk of their landed property ), however, remained exempt.

Detroit was ( and still is ) the largest city bordering Canada, where alcohol remained legal during Prohibition.

Eindhoven remained a minor city after that until the start of the industrial revolution.

Although enclosed by Thuringian territory in the west, south and east, the city remained part of the Prussian Province of Saxony until 1944.

Almost all Germans who returned or remained were expelled as the city was annexed by the Soviet Union and ceded to Poland in spring 1945, a decision by Stalin with full consent of the western Allies in the Potsdam Conference.

Although the city of Rome was in ruins, distant from the seat of secular power, and constantly harassed by invaders, the Roman Patriarchate remained the center of the Western or Latin Church.

LaGuardia remained Mayor of New York, shuttling back and forth with three days in Washington and four in the city in an effort to do justice to two herculean jobs.

All of those who could afford it left the city, but Zwingli remained and continued his pastoral duties.

With the approval of Calvin, the other plotters who remained in the city were found and executed.

The site remained uninhabited until the city was refounded in the 9th century BCE.

The city came to be ruled by the Hasmoneans, following the success of the Maccabean Revolt, and remained such until the Roman influence over the area brought Herod to claim the Hasmenean throne of Judea.

While the crowd was rioting in the streets, Justinian considered fleeing the capital, but he remained in the city on the stirring words of Theodora ( according to Procopius, she said " For an Emperor to become a fugitive is not a thing to be endured ... I hold with the old saying that the purple makes an excellent shroud ".

In 1453 when the last vestige of ancient Roman power fell to the Turks, the city officially shifted religions -- although the Patriarch, or Pope, of the Orthodox Church continued to live there, and still does -- and became the capital of the Ottoman Empire.

The area thrived during the Ottoman Empire, as the centre of opium production and Afyon became a wealthy city with the typical Ottoman urban mixture of Turks, Armenians and Greeks.

The city was referred to as " Hüdavendigar " ( meaning " God's Gift ") during the Ottoman period, while a more recent nickname is " Yeşil Bursa " ( meaning " Green Bursa ") in reference to the parks and gardens located across its urban tissue, as well as to the vast forests in rich variety that extend in the surrounding region.

Bursa became the first major capital city of the early Ottoman Empire following its capture from the Byzantines in 1326.

Aside from the local silk production, the city imported raw silk from Iran, and occasionally from China, and was the main production center for the kaftans, pillows, embroidery and other silk products for the Ottoman palaces until the 17th century.

The city has traditionally been a pole of attraction, and was a major center for refugees from various ethnic backgrounds who immigrated to Anatolia from the Balkans during the loss of the Ottoman territories in Europe between the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

For the Ottoman and modern city ( after 1453 ), see Istanbul.

On May 29, 1453, the city fell to the Ottoman Turks, and again became the capital of a powerful state, the Ottoman Empire.

* Battle of Adrianople ( 1829 )-The Russians seize the city from the Ottoman Empire

It was virtually depopulated when it fell to the Ottoman Turks, but the city recovered rapidly.

This name was used in Turkish side by side with Kostantiniyye, the more formal adaptation of the original Constantinople, during the period of Ottoman rule, while western languages mostly continued to refer to the city as Constantinople until the early 20th century.

In 1453, when the Ottoman Turks captured the city, it contained approximately 50, 000 people.

At the end, the population which had not been able to escape, was deported to Edirne, Bursa and other Ottoman cities, leaving the city deserted except for the Jews of Balat and the Genoese of Pera.

Two centuries later, Ottoman traveler Evliya Çelebi gave us a list of the groups which were deported in the city with the respective provenience.

The famous architect Mimar Sinan designed many mosques and other grand buildings in the city, while Ottoman arts of ceramics and calligraphy also flourished.

For example, in the 1543 Siege of Nice the Ottoman forces led by Barbarossa conquered and pillaged the town itself and took many captives-but the city castle held out, due to which the townspeople were accounted the victors.

The culmination of Islamic dominance in the region occurred in 1557 when an Ottoman invasion during the time of Suleiman I and under Özdemir Pasha ( who had declared the province of Habesh in 1555 ) took the port city of Massawa and the adjacent city of Arqiqo, even taking Debarwa, then capital of the local ruler Bahr negus Yeshaq ( ruler of Midri Bahri ).

Hoxha was born in Gjirokastër, a city in southern Albania ( then under the Ottoman Empire ) that has been home to many prominent families.

After the devastating 1354 earthquake, the Greek city of Gallipoli was almost abandoned, but swiftly reoccupied by Turks from Anatolia, the Asiatic side of the straits, making Gallipoli the first Ottoman position in Europe, and the staging area for their expansion across the Balkans.

* 1555 – The Ottoman Admiral Turgut Reis sacks the Italian city of Paola.

* 1910 – The Ottoman Empire captures the city of Shkodër, putting down the Albanian Revolt of 1910.