In 2009, the American Anthropological Association's Commission on the Engagement of Anthropology with the US Security and Intelligence Communities released its final report concluding, in part, that, " When ethnographic investigation is determined by military missions, not subject to external review, where data collection occurs in the context of war, integrated into the goals of counterinsurgency, and in a potentially coercive environment – all characteristic factors of the HTS concept and its application – it can no longer be considered a legitimate professional exercise of anthropology.

Following an interpretation of, for instance,, adherents of the Born again concept believe that when a person accepts Jesus as the Messiah and receives the Holy Spirit, a radical " change of heart " occurs.

Complications occurs for terms such as UFO, which literally means " unidentified flying object " but connotes alien spacecraft, a concept also associated with some conspiracy theories, and thus possessing a certain social stigma.

Distortion occurs when the individual perceives a threat to their self concept.

An apparently cognate form, perhaps a loanword, occurs in the Ainu language as kamuy and refers to an animistic concept very similar to Japanese kami.

In IP multicast the implementation of the multicast concept occurs at the IP routing level, where routers create optimal distribution paths for datagrams sent to a multicast destination address.

This article deals with the concept of triage as it occurs in medical emergencies, including the prehospital setting, disasters, and during emergency room treatment.

Frame Relay uses the concept of shared-access and relies on a technique referred to as " best-effort ", whereby error-correction practically does not exist and practically no guarantee of reliable data delivery occurs.

The concept of zero-point energy occurs in a number of situations.

Over a century later, evolutionary biologists still use tree diagrams to depict evolution because such diagrams effectively convey the concept that speciation occurs through the adaptive and random splitting of lineages.

To summarize, nerve interference is described, by modern-day advocates of this concept, as a reduction of neural or mental impulses, which occurs in response to a bone-out-of-place ( BOOP ) subluxation ... Clearly, the BOOP subluxation model fails miserably when considered in the light of basic neuroscience facts ... BOOP subluxationists become angry and defensive when the BOOP model of subluxation is criticized ...

In other trials, such as those of the Menendez brothers, the supposed abuse occurs over a prolonged period of time, often beginning during the defendant's childhood ; this relates the abuse defense to the concept of diminished capacity.

Andy Soltis notes that many players do not appreciate zugzwang, thinking that it is an obscure concept that never occurs in their games.

The concept of ego reduction occurs in several contexts.

However, the concept of an animal hybrid occurs in many cultures, for example as the griffin and the chimera.

On the other hand, when theory replacement occurs, a well-supported concept, such as the concept of atoms, is not dropped but is incorporated into the new theory in some form.

The essential concept here was that the way people perform is seen to correlate to the way that world occurs for them, and that future-based language could alter the way the future actually occurs for them.

One of the most sophisticated treatments of the concept of the novel in a novel occurs in Muriel Spark's debut, The Comforters.

This organizational approach is similar to the programming language concept of object-oriented programming, but occurs at larger granularity and does not include the concept of inheritance.

This concept occurs in the discussion of exoteric and esoteric religions.

Spiritual abuse occurs when a person in religious authority or a person with a unique spiritual practice misleads and maltreats another person in the name of God or church or in the mystery of any spiritual concept.

But though the Southern States, when drafting a constitution to unite themselves, narrowed the difference to this fine point by omitting to assert the right to secede, the fact remained that by seceding from the Union they had already acted on the concept that it was composed primarily of sovereign states.

The zero was probably introduced to the Chinese in the Tang Dynasty ( 618-907 AD ) when travel in the Indian Ocean and the Middle East would have provided direct contact with India, allowing them to acquire the concept of zero and the decimal point from Indian merchants and mathematicians.

Semantic ambiguity arises when a word or concept has an inherently diffuse meaning based on widespread or informal usage.

The true and global revitalisation of interest in the concept dates from 1903, when Pelham Warner took a team to Australia with the promise that he would regain " the ashes ".

Quite possibly it was a survival of a Roman concept of " Britain ": it is significant that, while the hyperbolic inscriptions on coins and titles in charters often included the title rex Britanniae, when England was unified the title used was rex Angulsaxonum, (' king of the Anglo-Saxons '.

In 1975 until when he continued to release singles, he released his first non-compilation LP 2023, a concept album that includes many instrumental songs.

After the Norman Conquest, when certain towns were granted self-governance, the concept of the burh / borough seems to have been reused to mean a self-governing settlement.

Although the game had " incredible role-playing potential ", the concept of role-playing rabbits can be viewed as bizarre, and as such at least one commentator believes that " most people thought it was stupid " when it was first released.

But only when a more centralized English monarchy emerged following the Norman invasion, and when the kings of England attempted to assert power over the land and its peoples, did the modern concept emerge, namely of a crime not only as an offence against the " individual ", but also as a wrong against the " State ".

In 1954, an important concept was discovered: chordic production is easier to master when the production is done at the release of the keys instead of when they are pressed.

This dual personality of the unseen and the seen, the spiritual and material, the eternal Christ and the corporeal Jesus manifest in flesh, continued until the Master's ascension, when the human, material concept, or Jesus, disappeared, while the spiritual self, or Christ, continues to exist in the eternal order of divine Science, taking away the sins of the world, as the Christ has always done, even before the human Jesus was incarnate to mortal eyes.

" makes no sense ; the concept of " before " becomes meaningless when considering a situation without time.

The concept of the Universal Queue standardizes the processing of communications across multiple technologies such as fax, phone, and email whilst the concept of a Virtual queue provides callers with an alternative to waiting on hold when no agents are available to handle inbound call demand. A typical call centre telephone.

The central argument in Principles was that the present is the key to the past – a concept of the Scottish Enlightenment which David Hume had stated as " all inferences from experience suppose ... that the future will resemble the past ", and James Hutton had described when he wrote in 1788 that " from what has actually been, we have data for concluding with regard to that which is to happen thereafter.

# Psychological adjustment exists when the concept of the self is such that all the sensory and visceral experiences of the organism are, or may be, assimilated on a symbolic level into a consistent relationship with the concept of self.

Although the concept of consilience in Whewell's sense was widely discussed by philosophers of science, the term was unfamiliar to the broader public until the end of the 20th century, when it was revived in Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge, a 1998 book by the humanist biologist Edward Osborne Wilson, as an attempt to bridge the culture gap between the sciences and the humanities that was the subject of C. P. Snow's The Two Cultures and the Scientific Revolution ( 1959 ).

In keeping with the concept of vacuous truth, when disjunction is defined as an operator or function of arbitrary arity, the empty disjunction ( OR-ing over an empty set of operands ) is often defined as having the result 0.

The concept of data warehousing dates back to the late 1980s when IBM researchers Barry Devlin and Paul Murphy developed the " business data warehouse ".

Rather than receiving an explicit order, a commander would be told of his superior's intent and the role which his unit was to fill in this concept.

Chemical engineering emerged upon the development of unit operations, a fundamental concept of the discipline.

This definition of potential, while formal, has little practical application, and a more useful concept is that of electric potential difference, and is the energy required to move a unit charge between two specified points.

The electric field was formally defined as the force exerted per unit charge, but the concept of potential allows for a more useful and equivalent definition: the electric field is the local gradient of the electric potential.

" Economies of scale " is a long run concept and refers to reductions in unit cost as the size of a facility and the usage levels of other inputs increase.

This firmly separated all local authority areas ( whether unitary or two-tier ), from the geographical concept of a county as high level spatial unit.

Ft. Lewis Washington and the 9th Infantry Division was the testing unit to employ HMMWV in the new concept of a Motorized Division to counter the Russian Motorized units.

He developed the concept of horsepower and the SI unit of power, the watt, was named after him.

To form a concept, one mentally isolates a group of concretes ( of distinct perceptual units ), on the basis of observed similarities which distinguish them from all other known concretes ( similarity is ' the relationship between two or more existents which possess the same characteristic ( s ), but in different measure or degree '); then, by a process of omitting the particular measurements of these concretes, one integrates them into a single new mental unit: the concept, which subsumes all concretes of this kind ( a potentially unlimited number ).

The OSS not only bought into the concept, they hired Lambertsen to lead the program and build up the dive element of their maritime unit.

To encourage the initiative of Red Army commanders, the CPSU temporarily abolished political commissars, reintroduced formal military ranks and decorations, and the Guards unit concept.

The trust has proved to be such a flexible concept that it has proved capable of working as an investment vehicle: the unit trust.

A man-month is a concept of a unit of work proportional to the number of people working multiplied by the time that they work ; Brook's law says that this relation is a myth, and is hence the centerpiece of the book.

Mahathir Mohamad promoted the concept on the basis of its economic merits as a stable unit of account and also as a political symbol to create greater unity between Islamic nations.

The concept was refined in the " Swedish kitchen " using unit furniture with wooden fronts for the kitchen cabinets.

This version already had an interface concept, however most of the interface were placeholders, it had a map, icons for abilities and unit commands and an eye-shaped display for gold.

A new concept is to use the multiple unit idea for freight traffic, such as carrying containers or for trains used for maintenance.

The concept of multiple unit has entered the horizon of the Chinese since the 6th Speed-up Campaign of China Railways in 2007. With the upgrade of Jinghu Railway, North Jingguang Railway, Jingha Railway and Hukun Railway, and the construction of new Passenger Dedicated Lines ( or Passenger Railways ) completed, CRH ( China Railway High-speed ) trains have been put into service, mainly in North and Northeast China, and East China.

A few years later the SH-3 core was added to the SH CPU family ; new features included another interrupt concept, a memory management unit ( MMU ) and a modified cache concept.

Today's rescue engine differs from the original unit concept Rescue Pumper, designed by Fire Chief S. E. Politano, which was simply to add more initial firefighting capabilities ( onboard water and pumping capacity ) to a heavy rescue squad, not bring heavy rescue squad capabilities to an engine company.

The precepts of landscape archaeology attempt to see each discrete unit of human activity in the context of the wider environment, further distorting the concept of the site as a demarcated area.

Also during this period, the 4th Armored Division was reactivated at Fort Hood and deployed to Germany as part of the " Gyroscope " concept of unit movement.