Taking Leon Trotsky's concept of the Soviet Union as a degenerated workers ' state, the 1951 Third World Congress of the International described the new regimes as deformed workers ' states.

Within Marxist theory, Lenin's concept of the labor aristocracy and his description of imperialism, andseparately, but not necessarily unrelatedlyTrotsky's theories regarding the deformed workers ' state, offer several explanations as to why the world revolution has not occurred to the present day.

The original model of the concept Ellr appeared as a super deformed art style.

While Fascism claimed that corporatism gave workers power alongside employer in workplaces in reality the concept of " Fuhrerprinzip " gave employers and State-appointed workplace managers absolute control over the workplace as dictated by the State-owned German Labor Front ; based on the Social Darwinist ideology that certain individuals are " gifted " and " born to rule ", employers thought to be part of that group.

Agenda 2010 had five goals: tax cuts ; labor market deregulation, especially relaxing rules protecting workers from dismissal and setting up Hartz concept job training ; modernizing the welfare state by reducing entitlements ; decreasing bureaucratic obstacles for small businesses ; and providing new low-interest loans to local governments.

For platformist anarcho-communist Wayne Price " Today ’ s proposals for Parecon, in which workers are rewarded for the intensity and duration of their labor in a cooperative economy, would fit into Bakunin ’ s or Marx ’ s concept of a transitory, beginning, phase, of a free society ... Kropotkin rejected the two-phase approach of the Marxists and the anarchist-collectivists.

Within the space of these tendencies there has developed a coherent critique of " orthodox Marxism " that includes not only a rejection of the concept of " the transition " but a reconceptualization of the process of transcending capitalism that has remarkable similarities to ( Peter ) Kropotkin's thinking on this subject ... Thus one of the earliest political tendencies within which this approach appeared after the Russian revolution of 1917 was that of " Council Communism " which saw the " workers councils " in Germany ( see Bavarian Soviet Republic ), or the soviets in Russia, as new organizational forms constructed by the people.

There are theories which have developed a concept called human capital ( referring to the skills that workers possess, not necessarily their actual work ), although there are also counter posing macro-economic system theories that think human capital is a contradiction in terms.

In some way, the idea of " human capital " is similar to Karl Marx's concept of labor power: he thought in capitalism workers sold their labor power in order to receive income ( wages and salaries ).

Before the American Civil War, Southern defenders of African American slavery invoked the concept of wage slavery to favorably compare the condition of their slaves to workers in the North.

To illustrate a variation in the concept of duty to rescue, in the Canadian province of Ontario, the Occupational Health and Safety Act provides all workers with the right to refuse to perform unsafe work.

The concept failed after 18 months, as the dock workers at Hull blacklisted the entire British Waterways fleet, because they believed that the system would threaten their jobs.

The concept of union strikebreaking or union scabbing refers to any circumstance in which union workers themselves cross picket lines to work.

Within the Plymouth Brethren, the concept is most usually evidenced in the lack of distinction between " clergy " and " laity ," the refusal to adopt formal titles such as Reverend or Bishop, the denial of formal ordination, and in some cases the refusal to hire any " professional staff " or paid Christian workers at all.

The shark is labeled capitalism, the boat is industrial unionism, the life buoy is I. W. W., and the harpoon is direct action. The concept of industrial unionism is important, not only to organized workers but also to the general public, because the philosophy and spirit of this organizing principle go well beyond the mere structure of a union organization.

" While the IWW shared the concept of a mass-oriented labor movement — what the IWW would call One Big Union — with the Knights of Labor, the idea of workers having much in common with employers was discarded by the IWW, whose Preamble declares that " the working class and the employing class have nothing in common.

In keeping with the craft concept, FLUs were designed primarily for organizing purposes, with the membership destined to be distributed among the AFL's craft unions after the majority of workers in an industry were organized.

Tied closely to the concept of organizing not as a craft, or even as a group of workers with industrial ties, but rather, as a class, is the idea that all of the business world and government, and even the preponderance of the powerful industrial governments of the world, tend to unite to preserve the status quo of the economic system.

Medical social workers value the ethical concept of patient self-determination although this value can conflict with the values and ethics of other disciplines in a medical setting.

With the concept of commodity narcissism, the psychologists Stephen Dunne and Robert Cluley proposed that consumers who claim to be ethically concerned about the manufacturing origin of commodities, nonetheless behaved as if ignorant of the exploitative labour conditions under which the workers produced the goods and services, bought by the " concerned consumer "; that, within the culture of consumerism, narcissistic men and women have established shopping ( economic consumption ) as a socially acceptable way to express aggression.

The first Congress of the Confederation of Anarchists Groups, under the name of Nabat (" the Alarm Drum "), issued five main principles: rejection of all political parties, rejection of all forms of dictatorships ( including the dictatorship of the proletariat, viewed by Makhnovists and many anarchists of the day as a term synonymous with the dictatorship of the Bolshevik communist party ), negation of any concept of a central state, rejection of a so-called " transitional period " necessitating a temporary dictatorship of the proletariat, and self-management of all workers through free local workers ' councils ( soviets ).

While the Bolsheviks argued that their concept of dictatorship of the proletariat meant precisely " rule by workers ' councils ," the Makhnovist platform opposed the " temporary " Bolshevik measure of " party dictatorship.

They enlist one of the hospital workers, an amateur photographer named Lawrence, to help them with the concept.

With Nelson gone, Propst was free to indulge in his concept of an office capable of constant change to suit the changing needs of the employee, without having to purchase new furnishings, and allowed the employee a degree of privacy, and the ability to personalize their work environment without impacting the environment of the workers around them.

As envisioned by the Industrial Workers of the World ( IWW ) – which for many years prior to 1919 had been associated with the concept – One Big Union was not just the idea that all workers should be organised into one big union.

In this sense, the concept is in contrast to the concept of equality of outcome which might require that all workers be paid similarly regardless of how many lamps they made.

The one of 1861 made clear that in making their government the people were acting through their states, whereas the Preamble of 1787-89 expressed, as clearly as language can, the opposite concept, that they were acting directly as citizens.

But though the Southern States, when drafting a constitution to unite themselves, narrowed the difference to this fine point by omitting to assert the right to secede, the fact remained that by seceding from the Union they had already acted on the concept that it was composed primarily of sovereign states.

Rabbi Trugman states that in the last five centuries the concept of reincarnation, which until then had been a much hidden tradition within Judaism, was given open exposure.

Naveh states, " The striking feature of the blitzkrieg concept is the complete absence of a coherent theory which should have served as the general cognitive basis for the actual conduct of operations ".

Overy states that blitzkrieg as a " coherent military and economic concept has proven a difficult strategy to defend in light of the evidence ".

California and a number of other Western states, however, have retained the concept of community property derived from civil law.

Since many commentators view the notion of sense as identical to the notion of concept, and Frege regards senses as the linguistic representations of states of affairs in the world, it seems to follow that we may understand concepts as the manner in which we grasp the world.

" It discusses the distinction between colonialism and imperialism and states that " given the difficulty of consistently distinguishing between the two terms, this entry will use colonialism as a broad concept that refers to the project of European political domination from the sixteenth to the twentieth centuries that ended with the national liberation movements of the 1960s.

However, this overlooks those parts of scripture which provide for the doctrine of the " Two Swords " and for the medieval Roman Catholic concept of the powers of kings to protect the Christian Constitution of states, to defend and extend the boundaries of Christendom by lawful means only, to protect and defend the innocent, the weak, the poor and the vulnerable, and to protect the church and the papacy with the king's own life, if necessary.

Discoveries of both men contributed to the concept of localization, which states that specific brain functions are all localized to a specific area of the brain.

In classical thermodynamics, the concept of entropy is defined phenomenologically by the second law of thermodynamics, which states that the entropy of an isolated system always increases or remains constant.

Sforza was the first European ruler to follow a foreign policy based on the concept of the balance of power, and the first native Italian ruler to conduct extensive diplomacy outside the peninsula to counter the power of threatening states such as France.

Although anxious to relieve serious hardships for divided families and to reduce friction, Brandt's Ostpolitik was intent on holding to its concept of " two German states in one German nation.

When Braid introduced the concept of hypnotism, he equivocated over the nature of the " state ", sometimes describing it as a specific sleep-like neurological state comparable to animal hibernation or yogic meditation, while at other times he emphasised that hypnotism encompasses a number of different stages or states that are

Freire further states, " In the banking concept of education, knowledge is a gift bestowed by those who consider themselves knowledgeable upon those whom they consider to know nothing.

Despite the safeguards built into the constitutions of most of these organizations, courts and tribunals, the concept of universal jurisdiction is controversial among those states which prefer unilateral to multilateral solutions through the use of executive or military authority, sometimes described as realpolitik-based diplomacy.

Another German diplomatic historian, Wolfgang Michalka argued that there was a fourth alternative Nazi foreign policy programme, and that was Ribbentrop's concept of a Euro-Asiatic bloc comprising the four totalitarian states of Germany, the Soviet Union, Italy and Japan.

The concept of a peaceful community of nations had been proposed as far back as 1795, when Immanuel Kant's Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch outlined the idea of a league of nations to control conflict and promote peace between states.

A fundamental concept of Lorentz's theory in 1895 was the " theorem of corresponding states " for terms of order v / c.

Chomsky also states that since the concept of matter may be affected by new scientific discoveries, as has happened in the past, scientific materialists are being dogmatic in assuming the opposite.

In 1936 Vernadsky accepted the idea of the Noosphere in a letter to Boris Leonidovich Lichkov ( though, he states that the concept derives from Le Roy ).

This falls into line with the concept of internationalism, which states that sovereignty is an outdated concept and a barrier to achieving peace and harmony in the world, thus also stating that nation states are also a similar outdated concept.