Recognizing that the Rule of Law is `` a dynamic concept which should be employed not only to safeguard the civil and political rights of the individual in a free society '', the Congress asserted that it also included the responsibility `` to establish social, economic, educational and cultural conditions under which his legitimate aspirations and dignity may be realized ''.

) The concept of nationalism is the political principle that epitomizes and glorifies the territorial state as the characteristic type of socal structure.

These fundamental ideas -- the indivisibility of sovereignty and its dual ( internal-external ) aspects -- still remain the core of that concept of ultimate political power.

In Ansbach Maximilian von Montgelas wrote an elaborate concept for the future political organisation of Bavaria, which is known as the " Ansbacher Mémoire ".

In 1995, Simon Keynes observed that " if Bede's concept of the Southumbrian overlord, and the chronicler's concept of the ' Bretwalda ', are to be regarded as artificial constructs, which have no validity outside the context of the literary works in which they appear, we are released from the assumptions about political development which they seem to involve ... we might ask whether kings in the eighth and ninth centuries were quite so obsessed with the establishment of a pan-Southumbrian state ".

The ancient Roman concept of virtus ( i. e. of virtue that had to be proved by a political or military career ), which Cicero suggested as the solution to the societal problems of the late Republic, meant little to them.

This approach considers the complex realities surrounding the concept of crime and seeks to understand how changing social, political, psychological, and economic conditions may affect changing definitions of crime and the form of the legal, law-enforcement, and penal responses made by society.

When the Shang were overthrown by the Zhou, a new political, religious and philosophical concept was introduced called the " Mandate of Heaven ".

Citizenship as a concept is generally hard to isolate intellectually and compare with related political notions, since it relates to many other aspects of society such as the family, military service, the individual, freedom, religion, ideas of right and wrong, ethnicity, and patterns for how a person should behave in society.

" It discusses the distinction between colonialism and imperialism and states that " given the difficulty of consistently distinguishing between the two terms, this entry will use colonialism as a broad concept that refers to the project of European political domination from the sixteenth to the twentieth centuries that ended with the national liberation movements of the 1960s.

In " Imperialism, Nationalism, Chauvinism ", in The Review of Politics 7. 4, ( October 1945 ), p. 457, Hannah Arendt, the political theorist, describes the concept:

This version of " critical " theory derives from Kant's ( 18th-century ) and Marx's ( 19th Century ) use of the term " critique ", as in Kant's Critique of Pure Reason and Marx's concept that his work Das Kapital ( Capital ) forms a " critique of political economy.

This concept should fit in a political system broadly characterized by widespread ownership of productive property.

Yet the borders of Europe — a concept dating back to classical antiquity — are somewhat arbitrary, as the primarily physiographic term " continent " can incorporate cultural and political elements.

Fundamental to the concept of public service ethics is the notion that decisions and actions are based on what best serves the public's interests, as opposed to the official's personal interests ( including financial interests ) or self-serving political interests.

The Gaelic Athletic Association, the Gaelic League and the cultural revival under W. B. Yeats and Lady Augusta Gregory, together with the new political thinking of Arthur Griffith expressed in his newspaper Sinn Féin and the organisations the National Council and the Sinn Féin League led to the identification of Irish people with the concept of a Gaelic nation and culture, completely independent of Britain.

Political freedom ( also known as political autonomy or political agency ) is a central concept in Western history and political thought, and one of the most important ( real or ideal ) features of democratic societies.

The concept can also include freedom from " internal " constraints on political action or speech ( e. g. social conformity, consistency, or " inauthentic " behaviour.

) The concept of political freedom is closely connected with the concepts of civil liberties and human rights, which in democratic societies are usually afforded legal protection from the state.

According to her study, the concept of freedom was historically inseparable from political action.

Arendt says that political freedom is historically opposed to sovereignty or will-power, since in ancient Greece and Rome, the concept of freedom was inseparable from performance, and did not arise as a conflict between the " will " and the " self.

Some historians and political theorists believe that the term feudalism has been deprived of specific meaning by the many ways it has been used, leading them to reject it as a useful concept for understanding society.

The concept has been given an axiomatic mathematical derivation in probability theory, which is used widely in such areas of study as mathematics, statistics, finance, gambling, science, artificial intelligence / machine learning and philosophy to, for example, draw inferences about the expected frequency of events.

The first part of the bill, the concept and establishment of a national mint, met with no real objection, and sailed through ; it was assumed the second and third part ( the Bank and an excise tax to finance it ) would likewise glide through, and in their own way they did: The House version of the bill, despite some heated objections, easily passed.

The time value of money is the central concept in finance theory.

Risk aversion is a concept in psychology, economics, and finance, based on the behavior of humans ( especially consumers and investors ) while exposed to uncertainty to attempt to reduce that uncertainty.

This same concept has been supported by a former president of the feminist organization National Organization for Women, attorney Karen DeCrow, who wrote that " if a woman makes a unilateral decision to bring pregnancy to term, and the biological father does not, and cannot, share in this decision, he should not be liable for 21 years of support ... autonomous women making independent decisions about their lives should not expect men to finance their choice.

As lack of finance has been a constant impediment to the development of the arts and literature, the concept of economic democracy through Social Credit had immediate appeal in literary circles.

The venture capital industry follows the concept of “ high risk, high return ” Innovative entrepreneurship, knowledge based ideas and human capital intensive enterprises have taken the front seat as venture capitalists invest in risky finance to encourage innovation.

* Arbitrage-free, analogous concept in mathematical finance

Critics also consider the concept and geographical placement of consumer finance stores as a form of " redlining ".

* Synthetic position, a concept in finance

* Mosaic theory ( investments ), a finance concept

Lasseter pitched the concept for Tin Toy by storyboard to Pixar owner Steve Jobs, who agreed to finance the short despite the company's struggles, which he kept alive with annual investment.

The " corporate government " concept itself is older and was already used in finance textbooks at the beginning of the 20th century ( Becht, Bolton, Röell 2004 ).

In multiple speeches, and in the book Poor Charlie's Almanack, Munger has introduced the concept of " Elementary, Worldly Wisdom " as it relates to business and finance.

Li also introduced the concept of venture capital to the country in the effort to attract funds to finance the startups in the science part.

In finance, this concept is typically referred to as " systematic risk ", but in economics it is typically referred to as " aggregate risk ".

This concept is linked to Behavioral finance.

The funding of the NWCF is based on a revolving-fund concept of operations, under which the NWCF activities received their initial working capital through an appropriation or through a transfer of resources from existing appropriations of funds and used those resources to finance the initial cost of products and services.

Tranching is an important concept in structured finance because it is the system used to create different investment classes for the securities that are created in the structured finance world.

This concept is realised mainly by the economic vortal, where technical articles, book reviews and links are gathered in order to support readers with the newest trends in human resources management, marketing, corporate social responsibility, corporate finance, IT in management, strategic management etc.

* PIK loan, a similar concept in corporate finance

* Sustainable growth rate, a finance concept